Exploring basics of NumPy Methods.
umPy is a powerful Python library used for numerical computations, especially when dealing
N
with large datasets or arrays. It provides various methods to perform operations like
mathematical calculations, reshaping, and manipulating arrays. Here's an exploration of some
fundamental NumPy methods:
1. Creating Arrays
np.array()
: Creates an array from a Python list ortuple.
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(arr)
np.zeros()
: Creates an array of zeros.
zeros_arr = np.zeros((2, 3))
# 2x3 matrix of zeros
print(zeros_arr)
np.ones()
: Creates an array of ones.
ones_arr = np.ones((3, 2))
# 3x2 matrix of ones
print(ones_arr)
np.arange()
: Generates an array with a range of values.
range_arr = np.arange(0, 10, 2)
# [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
print(range_arr)
np.linspace()
: Creates an array of evenly spaced valuesover a specified range.
linspace_arr = np.linspace(0, 1, 5)
# 5 values between 0 and 1
print(linspace_arr)
2. Array Reshaping
np.reshape()
: Changes the shape of an array withoutchanging its data.
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
reshaped_arr = arr.reshape((2, 3))
# 2x3 matrix
print(reshaped_arr)
np.flatten()
: Converts a multi-dimensional array intoa 1D array.
flattened_arr = reshaped_arr.flatten()
print(flattened_arr)
3. Mathematical Operations
Element-wise operations: NumPy allows element-wisemathematical operations on arrays.
arr1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = np.array([4, 5, 6])
sum_arr = arr1 + arr2
print(sum_arr)
# [5, 7, 9]
p.add()
n np.subtract()
, np.multiply()
, np.divide()
, :These functions can be used
for element-wise operations as well.
multiply_arr = np.multiply(arr1, arr2)
# [4, 10, 18]
print(multiply_arr)
np.dot()
: Computes the dot product of two arrays.
dot_product = np.dot(arr1, arr2)
# 32 (1*4 + 2*5 + 3*6)
print(dot_product)
np.sum()
np.mean()
, np.std()
, : Statistical operations.
sum_arr = np.sum(arr1)
# 6
mean_arr = np.mean(arr1)
# 2.0
std_arr = np.std(arr1)
# 0.8165
print(sum_arr, mean_arr, std_arr)
4. Array Indexing & Slicing
Basic indexing: You can access individual elementsor subarrays.
arr = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
print(arr[0])
# 10
Slicing: Access a portion of the array.
sliced_arr = arr[1:4]
# [20, 30, 40]
print(sliced_arr)
Advanced indexing: Using boolean masks or array indicesto index arrays.
arr = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
mask = arr > 30
print(arr[mask])
# [40, 50]
5. Array Concatenation and Splitting
np.concatenate()
: Concatenate arrays along an existingaxis.
arr1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = np.array([4, 5, 6])
concat_arr = np.concatenate((arr1, arr2))
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(concat_arr)
np.split()
: Split an array into multiple sub-arrays.
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
split_arr = np.split(arr, 3)
# [array([1, 2]), array([3, 4]),
array([5, 6])]
print(split_arr)
6. Random Number Generation
np.random.rand()
: Generates an array of random numbersbetween 0 and 1.
random_arr = np.random.rand(2, 3)
# 2x3 array of random floats
print(random_arr)
np.random.randint()
: Generates random integers.
random_int_arr = np.random.randint(0, 10, (2, 3))
# 2x3 array with
random integers between 0 and 10
print(random_int_arr)
7. Linear Algebra Methods
np.linalg.inv()
: Computes the inverse of a matrix.
matrix = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
inv_matrix = np.linalg.inv(matrix)
print(inv_matrix)
np.linalg.det()
: Computes the determinant of a matrix.
determinant = np.linalg.det(matrix)
print(determinant)
# -2.0
