Hello World

• print function is used to print the content inside the quotes

• can be in 'single quotes' or "double quotes"
print("Hello World")

What just happened?

• when you run Python code
– the computer interprets the code and executes it
• print is a function which will display whatever is provided in brackets
– in case of a mathematical expression, the result is
evaluated and displayed
– if there is a string, it is simply displayed
• there are many such functions in Python built for specifc tasks
– simply call the function and give it an input
• type is another such function
– it displays the type of the data provided in brackets Alright!

Let's see you run a python code now ,

Exercise : 1
Write a print function that prints "I am new to python!"

Help Command
• shows the description about the object that is given to the command
• lets see how the help() command works for the print() command

help(print)

Comments
• comments are text in code that is not executed by the interpreter
– in Python, comments begin with #
• comments may be used creatively to comment out pieces of code to
stop the interpreter from running it
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 • shortcut to toggle comment on a line – CMD + / (macOS)
– Ctrl + / (Windows)

# this is a single comment

print('this is not a comment')

# comments can be added like this as well

"""
This is a
multi-line comment
"""
print("this is not a comment either")

Now, let's try to write our own comments

Exercise : 2
To the program where you printed out, I am Learning python

Add a comment It is possible to write within my code blocks without

python using #

Variables

Variables are the data entities that takes a value.

# bind number 7 to variable 'x'

x = 7 # the value of 7 is assigned to x

# print value of 'x'

print(x)

Python Variable Naming Convention (Industry Standard)

• variables names start with a lowercase letter or underscore
– can be followed by numbers or underscore
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 • snake_case is the conventional way of writing variable names with
multiple words
• variable names cannot begin with a number but numbers can be a
part of the variable name later
- eg: names like: va923, _app4r_, f8_9, tmp; are allowed
- eg: names like: 9va23, #app4r_, f8-9, tm*p; are NOT allowed

Let's try making a variable that contains your name then print it !

Exercise : 3

Create a variable as called age and add your age to it Next print out your
age in your notebook !

Simple Program
• input: uses the input command
• output: used the print command

name = input('What is your name? ')

print('Welcome to the world of Python,', name )

Let's create input function that not only takes the name of the user but also
their age and then let's print it

Exercise : 4
Create two inputs with one taking the name and the other taking the age

And then print out Hey <name> I am glad you started learning python at
the age of <age>

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Data Types
• a particular kind of data entity, defined by the values it can take

• Python has several built-in data types, some of them are:

– numeric data types

– text sequence data type
– sequence data types
– mapping data type
– boolean data type
– set data type
• the type() function is used to check the data type of something in
Python

Numeric Data Types

•two basic numeric data types
a. int: integers
b. float: decimal numbers

# create int type variable

x = 7 # 7 is an integer

# check type of variable

type(x)

# create float type variable

x = 3.14 # 3.14 is a decimal number with a characteristic and mantissa
# check type of variable

type(x)

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Text Sequence Types
• strings are a text sequence type
– they are a sequence of characters
– they are immutable
– they are ordered

# define a string
python_string = 'TECHBLUME is a awesome Bootcamp!'

# check type
type(python_string)

Now that we know how to find out the datatype of variables

Exercise : 5

What is the datatype of these three variables :

• discount = 43.8
• height = 143
• address = '#301, Pelican Street'

Sequence Types

• there are three kinds of sequence

types:

– list: mutable sequence

– tuple: immutable sequence

– range: immutable sequence

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List

# define a list

list_example = [ '3' , 92 , 'x' , 3.14 ]

print(list_example)

# check length of the list

print(len(list_example))

# check type
type(list_example)

Tuple

# define a tuple

tuple_example = (5,'11','a',2.86)

print(tuple_example)

# check length of tuple

print(len(tuple_example))

# check type

type(tuple_example)

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List v/s Tuple

Lists Tuples
 ordered group of comma  ordered group of comma
separated values in square separated values in parenthesis
brackets
 square brackets are mandatory  parenthesis not mandatory
 mutable  immutable
 once created, content changes  once created, content cannot be
can be made changed
 should be chosen if content is  chosen if content is fixed and
not fixed, and keeps changing never changes
 cannot be used as keys for  can be used as keys for
dictionaries dictionaries
 are not hashable and  are hashable and immutable
immutable

Let's make something using lists!

Exercise : 6

Make a list of your favourite colour, food and place and save it in a list
called my_favs

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Range

# define a range

range_example = range(7)

print(range_example)

# check length of the range

print(len(range_example))

# check type

type(range_example)

# define range with (start,stop,step)

range_example = range(0,20,2)

print(range_example)

# check length of the range

print(len(range_example))

# check type

type(range_example)

Let's get a bit crafty with the range function

Exercise : 7

Using the range function from 4 to 40 and then check the length

Mapping Types
• dictionary is a mapping data type
– it is mutable
– unordered

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# define a dictionary
b = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}

print(b)

# check type
type(b)
What can we do with dictionaries?

Exercise : 8

Make a dictionary with students name and their scores !

• Student : Jake Score : 70

• Student : Mako Score : 75
• Student : Alex Score : 78.5

Boolean Types
• state of truth
–may be True or False

# define a 'true' boolean

boolean = True

# check type

type(boolean)

# define a 'false' boolean

boolean = False

# check type

type(boolean)

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Set Types
• set is an unordered collection of distinct objects

set_of_numbers = {0,9,1,5,7}

print(set_of_numbers)

names = ['olivia', 'caleb', 'olivia']

names_set = set(names)

unique_names = list(names_set)

print(unique_names)

Operators
• popular kinds of operators
– numeric operators
– comparison operators
– logical operators
– assignment operators
– identity operators
– membership operators
– bitwise operators
• some are discussed below

Numeric Operators
•used with numeric data types to perform mathematical operations
– +: addition
– -: subtraction
– *: multiplication
– /: division
– //: floor division

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 – %: modulus (remainder)
– **: raising to power
– abs(): absolute value of number
– round(): rounds a number
– bin(): get binary version of a number
– hex(): get hexadecimal version of a number

# set values of x, y and z for numeric operators exploration

x = 5 # integer value

y = 2.0 # float value

z = -13 # negative integer

#(run this cell to initialize values for the next few cells!)

# sum of x and y

print(x + y)

# difference of x and y
print(x - y)
# product of x and y

print(x * y)

# quotient of x and y

print(x / y)

# floored quotient of x and y

print(x // y)

# remainder of x / y

print(x % y)

# absolute value

print(abs(z))

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# x raised to power y

print(x ** y)

# rounding a decimal example - round down

print(round(2.1))

# rounding a decimal example - round up

print(round(3.7))

# binary version of the number

print(bin(37))

# hexadecimal version of the number

print(hex(37))

Operators are the lifelines of any programming language, let’s put them

to good use

Exercise : 9

Create a variable with the value of pi as 3.14, create a new variable as

radius and assign it a float value, this will be the radius of a circle and then
output the area of the circle using the formula **pi*radius^2**

Comparison Operators
•used to compare two values
– <: less than
– >: greater than
– <=: less than or equal to
– >=: greater than or equal to
– ==: equality
– !=: inequality

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# Greater Than or Equal

i=3

j=7

print(i > j)

# Greater Than or Equal

i=3

j=7

print(i >= j)

# Less Than

i=3

j=7

print(i < j)

# Less Than or Equal

i=3

j=7

print(i <= j)

# Equality Test #1

i=3

j=7

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print(i == j)

# Equality Test #2

i=3

j=3

print(i == j)

# Inequality Test #1

i=3

j=7

print(i != j)

# Inequality Test #2

i=3

j=3

print(i != j)

# Greater Than or Equal

i=3

j=7

print(i > j)

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# Greater Than or Equal

i=3

j=7

print(i >= j)

# Less Than

i=3

j=7

print(i < j)

# Less Than or Equal

i=3

j=7

print(i <= j)

# Equality Test #1

i=3

j=7

print(i == j)

# Equality Test #2

i=3

j=3

print(i == j)

# Inequality Test #1

i=3

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j=7

print(i != j)

# Inequality Test #2

i=3

j=3

print(i != j)

Let's see what comparison operator can do for us

Exercise : 10

In the last exercise you created a program to get the area of a circle ,
create a print function that checks if the area that your program created is
bigger than 50 or not

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Logic Operators
•used to combine conditional statements
– and
– or
– not

not Operator

# ‘not’ operator

a = True

b = False

print( not a)

print( not b)

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 and Operator

# a and b are true

a = True

b = True

print( a and b)

# only a is true

a = True

b = False

print( a and b)

# only b is true

a = False

b = True

print( a and b)

# a and b both are false

a = False

b = False

print( a and b)

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 or Operator

# a and b are true

a = True

b = True

print( a or b)

# only a is true

a = True

b = False

print( a or b)

# only b is true

a = False

b = True

print( a or b)

# a and b both are false

a = False

b = False

print( a or b)

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 To be OR not to be ? Let's explore what we can get done using logical

operators

Exercise : 11

Create a print function for our circle area generator to check if the area is
between 20 AND 50

Assignment Operators
• used to assign values to variables
–=
• following operators combine numerical operations at the same time
as assignment
– +=
– -=
– *=
– /=
– //=
– %=
– **=

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# assignment operator

x = 21

print(x)

# += operator

x += 3

print(x)

# -= operator

x -= 3

print(x)

# *= operator

x *= 3

print(x)

# /= operator

x /= 3

print(x)

# //= operator

x //= 3

print(x)

# %= operator

x %= 3
print(x)

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Identity Operators
• used to compare objects
 not if they are equal
 but if they are actually the same object with the same memory
location
• two identity operators:
– is
– is not

# define list

x = [“apple” , “banana” ]

y = [“apple” , “banana” ]

z=x

# ‘is’ test

print( x is z)

# ‘is’ test

print( x is y)

# equality test

print( x == y)

# ‘is not’ test

print( x is not y)

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Membership Operators
• used to test if a sequence has a specified object
• two membership operators:
– in
– not in

# define list

x = [“apple” , “banana” ]

# ‘in’ test

print(“banana” in x)

# ‘in’ test

print(“pineapple” in x)

# ‘not in’ test

print(“pineapple” not in x)

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