EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Definition and Overview of Emerging Technologies

Emerging technologies are new tools, systems, and methods that are currently being
developed or have just started to be used. These technologies have the potential to
change the way we live, work, and interact with the world.
Here are some of the key emerging technologies:
Artificial Intelligence (AI):
AI refers to machines and software that can think and learn like humans.
Artificial intelligence (Al) refers to computer systems capable of performing
complex tasks that historically only a human could do, such as reasoning, making
decisions, or solving problems.
Today, the term "Al" describes a wide range of technologies that power many of the
services and goods we use every day - from apps that recommend TV shows to
chatbots that provide customer support in real time. AI can help with tasks like
recognizing faces, understanding speech, and making decisions.
Application of AI:
• An opponent in game
• ChatGPT
• The famous computer system that plays chess Deep Blue
• Self-driving cars
• smart assistants Siri & Google
• Targeted Ads etc.
Cloud Computing:
cloud computing is the delivery of computing services-including servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence-over the internet ("the
cloud") to offer faster innovation, flexible resources.
Cloud computing allows people to store and access data and applications over the
internet instead of on a local computer or server. This makes it easier to share
information, collaborate on projects, and scale up services without needing
expensive hardware.
Collections of servers are used to process the data instead of doing it on our own
computers. For yours or anyone’s computer to connect with the server an internet
connection is required.
Application of Cloud Computing:
 Google Drive,
 Dropbox,
 Amazon Web Services (AWS).
  Data Storage
 Web Hosting and Content Delivery
 Machine Learning and Al in the Cloud,
Blockchain:
Blockchain is a secure way to record and share information across many computers,
making it almost impossible to change or hack. It is best known for being the
technology behind cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, but it's also used in other areas like
supply chains and contracts.
Blockchain technology has a wide range of applications beyond cryptocurrency.
Some notable use cases include:
· Cryptocurrencies: Blockchain is the underlying technology for cryptocurrencies
like Bitcoin. It enables secure, decentralized digital transactions without the need for
intermediaries.
· Supply Chain Management: Blockchain can be used to track and verify the
movement of goods through the supply chain. This transparency helps prevent fraud,
reduce errors, and ensure the authenticity of products.
· Healthcare: In healthcare, blockchain can securely store patient records, manage
medical data, and ensure that only authorized individuals have access to sensitive
information.
· Voting Systems: Blockchain can be used to create secure and transparent voting
systems, ensuring that votes are accurately recorded and counted, and reducing the
risk of election fraud.
Internet of Things (loT):
The internet of things, or loT, is a network of interrelated devices that connect and
exchange data with other loT devices and the cloud. IoT devices are typically
embedded with technology such as sensors and software and can include mechanical
and digital machines and consumer objects.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system where everyday devices and objects are
connected to the internet, allowing them to send and receive data. These devices can
include anything from household appliances like refrigerators, cars, machines, or
even medical devices etc.
Examples of IOT:
For example, a smart thermostat can learn your schedule and adjust the temperature
in your home automatically. Smart AC, Smart Light, Smart Cars, Smart Refrigerator
etc.

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR):

AR adds digital elements to the real world using devices like smartphones or glasses.
VR creates a completely virtual environment that you can interact with using special
equipment. These technologies are used in gaming, education, and training.
Advantages of VR:
1. Doctors can VR to get first-hand experience before a real surgery
2. All types of training programs can be simulated with all conditions and
environment
3. Helps to gain confidence
4. Easier for teachers to get students attention and interest in a subject.
Cellular Communications, 5G Technology:
Types of Generations:
1G- First Generation
2G- Second Generation
3G- Third Generation
4G- Fourth Generation
5G- Fifth Generation
The aim of different generations is to improve the speed and capability of wireless
connection.
3G
3G services work by using cellular based technology. The signals are passed from
each cellular phone tower. This allows everyone to check their mails and browse the
web on the move. The nearest tower to the device will be transmitting the signals, if
the tower closer to the device changes there may be a decrease or increase in the
signal strength during the change and throughout the use according to the various
factors like number of users connected to the tower, the strength and more.
4G
4G was developed for 2 main reasons:
• • Increased upload and download speed
• • Reduced latency
4G is approximately 5 times faster than 3G, reduction in latency means the devices
get a faster response to the requests made.
5G
5G is the next generation of wireless technology, offering much faster internet
speeds and more reliable connections. This will enable better performance for
mobile phones, smart devices, and even new technologies like augmented reality
(AR) and virtual reality (VR).
There is a major restructure occurring on parts of the radio network which is used to
transmit data which will be capable of providing 5G. Due to the restructure the data
can be transmitted 100 times faster. It can provide approximately 800 Gbps which
results in:
• Greater speed in internet access
• Faster loading speeds
• Ability to have multiple people in video conference calls
• More effective location services
• Ability to stream HD videos
Robotics:
Robotics is the creation of computers that perform tasks that humans cannot or are
less efficient at performing. It works by having a processor that controls its
movements. The use of sensors helps to feed data back to the processor to decide its
next movement.
Advantages of Robotics:
1. Can be used for everyday and repetitive tasks
2. Can be used in dangerous places where it’s not safe for humans
3. Used for everyday tasks, they need not have breaks during work like humans can
work all the time
4. The output will be always consistent
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computers, servers, networks, and data
from unauthorized access, attacks, or damage. It involves various technologies,
processes, and measures designed to safeguard information and systems from cyber
threats like hacking, viruses, and data breaches.
Example: When you log into your bank account online, cybersecurity measures like
encryption and two-factor authentication (2FA) help keep your personal and
financial information safe from hackers.