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Lecture 6 - Load Flow - Bus Admittance

The document discusses power flow studies, which analyze voltages, currents, and power flows in a system under specific load conditions to ensure operational efficiency and security. It details the formulation of the bus admittance matrix, a key component in analyzing interconnected power systems, and outlines the rules for constructing this matrix. Additionally, it includes practice questions related to the Ybus matrix and node elimination techniques.

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Moses Mutembei
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13 views30 pages

Lecture 6 - Load Flow - Bus Admittance

The document discusses power flow studies, which analyze voltages, currents, and power flows in a system under specific load conditions to ensure operational efficiency and security. It details the formulation of the bus admittance matrix, a key component in analyzing interconnected power systems, and outlines the rules for constructing this matrix. Additionally, it includes practice questions related to the Ybus matrix and node elimination techniques.

Uploaded by

Moses Mutembei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 6

Introduction
 A power flow study (load-flow study) is a steady-state analysis
whose target is to determine the voltages, currents, and real and
reactive power flows in a system under a given load conditions.

 The purpose of power flow studies is to plan ahead and account


for various hypothetical situations. For example, if a transmission
line is to be taken off line for maintenance, can the remaining lines
in the system handle the required loads without exceeding their
rated values.

 In operating studies, load-flow analysis is used to ensure that each


generator runs at the optimum operating point; demand will be
met without overloading facilities; and maintenance plans can
proceed without undermining the security of the system. 2
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Network Matrices
 Per unit impedance and reactance diagrams are required to analyze
power systems.

 For interconnected systems, network matrices have to be formed to


analyze them.

 There are two matrices.

1. bus admittance matrix Ybus.

2. bus impedance matrix Zbus.

 Ybus is mainly used in load flow studies. Whereas Zbus is mainly used in
short circuit studies.

 These two matrices are related by

𝒁𝒃𝒖𝒔 = 𝒀−𝟏
𝒃𝒖𝒔
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Formulation of the Bus Admittance Matrix
 The first step in developing the mathematical model describing

the power flow in the network is the formulation of the bus


admittance matrix.

 The bus admittance matrix is an n*n matrix (where n is the


number of buses in the system) constructed from the admittances
of the equivalent circuit elements of the segments making up the
power system.

 Most system segments are represented by a combination of shunt


elements (connected between a bus and the reference node) and
series elements (connected between two system buses).

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Bus Admittance Matrix
 Formulation of the bus admittance matrix follows two simple rules:

1) The admittance of elements connected between node k and reference


is added to the (k, k) entry of the admittance matrix
2) The admittance of elements connected between nodes j and k is added
to the (j, j) and (k, k) entries of the admittance matrix.
 The negative of the admittance is added to the (j, k) and (k, j) entries of
the admittance matrix.
 We next develop the relation between bus currents and bus voltages
under the following assumptions:
1. That there is no mutual coupling between the transmission lines, and
2. That there is an absence of regulating transformers

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Bus Admittance Matrix
 Used to form the network model of an interconnected power
system
 Nodes represent substation bus bars

 Branches represent transmission lines and transformers

 Injected currents are the flows from generator and loads

 Constructing the Bus Admittance Matrix (or the Y bus matrix)

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Bus Admittance Matrix

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Bus Admittance Matrix

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Bus Admittance Matrix

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Bus Admittance Matrix

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Bus Admittance Matrix

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Bus Admittance Matrix
 Consider a three bus transmission system below;

 The line impedances joining buses 1, 2 and 3 are denoted by z12, z22 and z31
respectively.

 The corresponding line admittances are y12, y22 and y31


The total capacitive susceptance at the buses are represented by y10, y20 and
y30
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 Applying Kirchoff's current law at each bus

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Practice Question
 Consider the reactance network show below:

1. Form Ybus matrix.

2. Find the voltages at each bus.

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Solution

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Solution

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Node Elimination - Kron Reduction

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Node Elimination - Kron Reduction

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Node Elimination - Kron Reduction

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Practice Question

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Practice Question

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Practice Question
Determine the Y bus matrix for the figure shown below

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Practice Question

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