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Module 4

The document outlines various methods for water resource conservation, including rainwater harvesting, groundwater protection, and efficient irrigation techniques. It also describes different types of water storage structures such as fiberglass and steel tanks, and discusses water conveyance methods like pipelines and aqueducts. Additionally, it highlights the causes and effects of floods on smart cities, emphasizing the importance of advanced technologies in mitigating flood impacts.

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dwij1209
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5 views2 pages

Module 4

The document outlines various methods for water resource conservation, including rainwater harvesting, groundwater protection, and efficient irrigation techniques. It also describes different types of water storage structures such as fiberglass and steel tanks, and discusses water conveyance methods like pipelines and aqueducts. Additionally, it highlights the causes and effects of floods on smart cities, emphasizing the importance of advanced technologies in mitigating flood impacts.

Uploaded by

dwij1209
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.

Enlist and Explain Various Methods of Water Resource


Conservation
• Rainwater Harvesting: Collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops, land
surfaces, or rock catchments for future use. This helps reduce dependence on
groundwater and other sources2.
• Groundwater Protection: Preventing contamination of underground water by
controlling pollutants like chemicals, waste, and sewage. Clean groundwater is
essential for safe drinking water2.
• Efficient Irrigation: Using modern irrigation techniques like drip or sprinkler
systems to minimize water wastage and maximize efficiency in agriculture2.
• Soil Moisture Management: Using mulching, green manure, and organic matter
to increase soil’s water retention, reducing the need for frequent watering2.
• Water Recycling and Reuse: Treating and reusing wastewater for non-drinking
purposes such as gardening, flushing, and industrial use2.
• Reducing Water Loss: Fixing leaks in pipes and taps, and using water-saving
devices to prevent unnecessary water loss2.

9. Enlist and Explain the Types of Water Storage


Structures
• Underground Fiberglass Tanks: Non-corrosive, space-saving tanks buried
underground, used for storing potable water, wastewater, or stormwater3.
• Carbon Welded Steel Tanks: Durable tanks made from steel, suitable for storing
drinking water, wastewater, or for fire protection3.
• Polyethylene Tanks: Lightweight plastic tanks, ideal for rainwater collection and
home water storage; their dark color prevents algae growth3.
• Corrugated Steel Tanks: Long-lasting tanks available in various sizes, used for
potable water, irrigation, and stormwater storage3.
• Above Ground Fiberglass Tanks: Used for storing caustic water, including waste
and rainwater, and suitable for above-ground installation3.
• Stainless Steel Tanks: Safe and versatile for storing drinking water and other
liquids, used in various industries3.

10. Write Short Note on Conveyance of Water


Water conveyance refers to the transportation of water from its source to where it is
needed. Common methods include:
• Pipelines: Transport water over long distances, either by gravity or by pumping.
Pipelines reduce water loss and maintain water quality4.
• Aqueducts: Large channels or canals that move water from rivers or reservoirs to
cities or farms, often using gravity4.
• Tanker Trucks: Vehicles equipped with tanks to deliver water to areas without
piped supply, especially useful in emergencies or remote locations4.
Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Pipelines and aqueducts are
efficient for large volumes, while tanker trucks are flexible but costly for small
quantities4.

11. What are the Causes of Floods and What are Its
Effects on Smart Cities
Causes of Floods:
• Heavy rainfall from storms or tropical weather5.
• Deforestation, which reduces the land’s ability to absorb water5.
• Poor agricultural practices and inadequate drainage systems5.
• Blocked drainage channels due to debris or lack of maintenance5.
• Construction in flood-prone areas like floodplains and low-lying regions5.
Effects on Smart Cities:
• Disruption of daily life, transportation, and economic activities5.
• Damage to infrastructure such as roads, buildings, and utilities5.
• Increased risk of disease and loss of life due to water contamination and
drowning5.
• Destruction of crops and food shortages5.
• In smart cities, floods can also disrupt digital infrastructure and sensors, but
advanced technologies like real-time monitoring, IoT sensors, and data analysis
can help cities respond better and reduce damage6.

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