Assignment-1

202046714: IOT Architecture & Protocols

1) What are the five major challenges of IOT?

2) Draw and explain briefly the OneM2M IoT Standardized Architecture.
3) List the different layers and its features for IoTWF Architecture.
4) What are the main functions of layer 3 of IOTWF Architecture?
5) Explain the important layers and sublayers of IoT functional stack of IoT simplified
architecture.
6) Explain meaning of active and passive sensors. Give examples.
7) Give different example of Sensor Applications Based on Mobility and Throughput
8) What are the different IoT network topologies? Which access technology are supported by
each one of these.
9) Explain the important functions of IoT Data Management & Compute Stack of IOT simplified
architecture.
10) What are smart services. Give an example.
11) How does Oracle’s IoT architecture process and manage data from IoT devices?
12) What are the main components of IBM’s IoT conceptual framework?
13) What is IT/OT convergence, and why is it important in industrial settings?
14) What are the main benefits of IoT in smart homes and buildings?
WiFi
15) What is the purpose of CSMA/CA in IEEE 802.11, and how does it prevent collisions?
16) What is the hidden terminal problem in wireless networks, and how is it resolved?
17) What is the exposed terminal problem, and why does it affect network efficiency?
18) How does the RTS/CTS mechanism help in virtual carrier sensing?
19) Explain the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and its working mechanism.
Bluetooth
20) How does Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) differ from classic Bluetooth?
21) Describe the Bluetooth baseband.
22) What is the function of the Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) in
Bluetooth?
23) How do Bluetooth devices establish a connection using the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)?
24) What is a Piconet in Bluetooth, and how does it function? What is a Scatternet, and how
does it extend Bluetooth communication?
IEEE 802.15.4
25) What is IEEE 802.15.4, and what are its primary applications?
26) How does IEEE 802.15.4 ensure low power consumption in devices?
27) What modulation techniques are used in IEEE 802.15.4 for low and high data rates?
28) What are the main networking topologies supported by IEEE 802.15.4?
29) What are the limitations of IEEE 802.15.4 regarding reliability and latency?
30) How does CSMA/CA help in channel access in IEEE 802.15.4 networks?
31) What are the various IEEE 802.15.4 frame types?
32) What are the key differences between IEEE 802.15.4-2003, 802.15.4-2006, 802.15.4-2011,
and 802.15.4-2015?
33) What is beaconing? How are beacon-enabled networks di erent from non-Beacon enabled
networks?
ZigBee
34) What is ZigBee, and how does it relate to IEEE 802.15.4?
35) Explain the protocol stack of Zigbee.
36) What are the different types of ZigBee nodes, and what are their functions?
37) What is the significance of ZigBee application profiles, and how do they ensure
interoperability?
38) Describe the Zigbee network layer
39) What are the key functions of the ZigBee network layer, and how does it use AODV routing?
40) How do ZigBee devices use PAN ID and NWK addresses for communication?
41) What is ZDO? How is it different from APS?
42) How does the ZigBee mesh network enhance reliability and scalability?
43) What security mechanisms are implemented in IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee?
44) What are the advantages of ZigBee over other IoT access technologies like DASH7?
45) How does the application framework in ZigBee facilitate device communication?
46) What are clusters in ZigBee, and how do they define application meaning?
47) What are some real-world applications of ZigBee technology in IoT?
Z-Wave Protocol:
48) What is the frequency range in which Z-Wave operates?
49) What are the key features of the 700 series Z-Wave chip?
50) What is the maximum number of nodes a Z-Wave network can support?
51) Explain the significance of the Z-Wave mesh network topology.
52) How do Home ID and Node ID function in a Z-Wave network?
53) What is the role of the central network controller in Z-Wave?
54) What modulation technique does Z-Wave use?
55) Describe Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK).
56) How does Z-Wave overcome obstacles and radio dead-spots?
57) What is "Healing" in a Z-Wave network?
58) How does Z-Wave handle network security and pairing of devices?
59) What happens if Z-Wave devices are moved after initial setup?
Zigbee vs. Z-Wave:
60) What is the difference between Z-Wave and Zigbee in terms of usability?
61) How does Zigbee achieve ultra-low power consumption?
62) What type of users is Zigbee best suited for?
63) How does Zigbee differ from Z-Wave in terms of network topology?
Wireless HART Protocol:
64) What is Wireless HART, and how does it differ from standard HART? What is the main
difference between wired and wireless HART protocols?
65) Describe the HART data link layer.
66) Why was Wireless HART developed?
67) Describe the HART network and transport layers.
68) How does Wireless HART utilize IEEE 802.15.4?
69) What technique does Wireless HART use to prevent network collisions?
70) Explain the purpose of channel blacklisting in Wireless HART.
71) How does the Wireless HART network manager function?
72) Why is Wireless HART more reliable in industrial settings compared to Zigbee?
DASH7 Protocol:
73) What is DASH7, and for what applications is it primarily used? What are the key advantages
of DASH7 over LoRa and Sigfox?
74) What are the main frequency bands used by DASH7?
75) How does DASH7 optimize power consumption in IoT applications?
76) Describe the DASH7 Application Layer Protocol (ALP).
77) What security mechanisms does DASH7 implement for secure communication?
78) How does DASH7 utilize wake-on-demand technology?

Submission
Date: 3/3/2025