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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface
Working Through This Book
Requirements
Contact
Chapter 1: Introduction to TypeScript
What is TypeScript?
Why Use TypeScript?
When to Use TypeScript?
Development Environment Set Up
Summary
Chapter 2: Your First TypeScript Program
Transpiling TypeScript into JavaScript Files
TypeScript Configuration File
Summary
Chapter 3: TypeScript Overview
The Basic Types
Type Inference
 The any Type
Array Types
Code Completion
Summary
Chapter 4: Typing Functions
The void Type
Optional Parameters
Adding a Default Value
Rest Parameters
Typing Function Signature
Summary
Chapter 5: Objects and Custom Types
Typing Objects
Optional Properties
Creating a Read Only Property
Creating a Custom Type
Index Signature
Summary
Chapter 6: Advanced Types
Union Type
Intersection Type
Literal Type
The Unknown Type
The Never Type
 The Satisfies Operator
Summary
Chapter 7: Advanced Object Typing
The 'keyof' Operator
Type Mapping
Tuples
Enums
Summary
Chapter 8: Typing Classes and Object-Oriented Programming
How to Create a Class
Defining Class Methods
Why a Function in Object/Class Is Called a Method?
Inheritance
Overriding methods
Object-Oriented Programming Paradigm
Summary
Chapter 9: Advanced Class Features (Part 1)
Value Modifiers
Visibility (or Access) Modifiers
Parameter Properties Shorthand
Getters and Setters
Summary
Chapter 10: Advanced Class Features (Part 2)
Static Modifier
 The Abstract Modifier
Interfaces
Interface vs Type - Which One to Use?
Summary
Chapter 11: Dynamic Typing With Generics
Generic Functions
Generic Types
Generic Classes
Generic Conclusion
Summary
Chapter 12: Modules, Type Assertion, and Discriminating
Unions
Modules in TypeScript
Type Assertion Using the 'as' Operator
Discriminating Unions
Summary
Chapter 13: Integrating TypeScript in JavaScript Projects
Using JSDoc to Check JavaScript Files
JSDoc Disable Type Checking
Declaration Files
Using Declaration Files From Definitely Typed Library
Summary
Chapter 14: TypeScript in Node.js and Express
Creating a Node.js Project
Configuring TypeScript
 Creating a Basic Express Server
Creating an API Route
Typing Request Body With DTOs
Modeling Data With Classes
Testing API Routes With Bruno
Adding PATCH and DELETE Routes
Summary
Chapter 15: TypeScript in React
Creating a React Application
Explaining TypeScript in React
Adding Bootstrap for Styling
Modeling Data in React
Passing Generic Type to useState Hook
Creating the Service Object
Fetching Data With useEffect Hook
Deleting Task
Adding Task
Summary
Wrapping Up
About the author
Beginning TypeScript
A Step-By-Step Gentle Guide to Master TypeScript for Beginners

By Nathan Sebhastian
 PREFACE

The goal of this book is to provide a gentle step-by-step

instructions that help you learn TypeScript gradually from
basic to advanced.

You will see why many developers prefer to work in TypeScript

over JavaScript.

We’ll cover essential TypeScript topics such as typing variables,

arrays, objects, functions, classes, and see how they are used to
guard against errors that usually occur when coding in
JavaScript.

After finishing this book, you will know how to use TypeScript
and integrate it into the most popular web development
libraries and frameworks such as Node.js/Express and React.

Working Through This Book

This book is broken down into 15 concise chapters, each
focusing on a specific aspect of TypeScript programming.
I encourage you to write the code you see in this book and run
them so that you have a sense of how coding in TypeScript
looks like. You learn best when you code along with examples
in this book.

A tip to make the most of this book: Take at least a 10-minute

break after finishing a chapter, so that you can regain your
energy and focus.

Also, don’t despair if some concept is hard to understand.

Learning anything new is hard for the first time, especially
something technical like programming. The most important
thing is to keep going.

Requirements
To experience the full benefit of this book, basic knowledge of
JavaScript is required.

If you need some help in learning JavaScript, you can get my

book at https://codewithnathan.com/beginning-modern-
javascript

Contact
If you need help, you can contact me at
[email protected].

You can also connect or follow me on LinkedIn at

https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathansebhastian/
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO
TYPESCRIPT

In this chapter, you’re going to learn what is TypeScript, why

use TypeScript, and when to use it in your projects.

You’re also going to install the programs required to run

TypeScript on your computer, then create and execute your
first TypeScript program.

Let’s jump in and get started!

What is TypeScript?
TypeScript is an open-source programming language developed
by Microsoft that adds a typing system to JavaScript.

Basically, TypeScript is an extension of JavaScript. It has the

same syntax as JavaScript. It has all of JavaScript features, and
every JavaScript .js file is a valid TypeScript file.

TypeScript can’t be executed on JavaScript environment such as

the browser or Node.js. When you want to deploy the
application, you need to transform TypeScript into JavaScript
using the TypeScript compiler program.

The typing system in TypeScript changes JavaScript into a

statically typed language, which enables advanced code
completion and error detection in development.

I’ll show you how advanced code completion and error

detection work in the following chapters.

For now, let’s focus on understanding what is a statically typed

language.

Why Use TypeScript?

Based on its typing system, programming languages are divided
into two categories:

1. Statically typed language

2. Dynamically typed language

In a statically typed language, the type of every single variable

used in your code is known before you even run the code.

For example, this is how you create an integer variable in Java:

int myNumber = 2;

Notice that the type of the variable int is defined in front of the
variable named myNumber.
When you further develop the application, the type of the
myNumber variable CAN’T change, or Java will throw an error:

int myNumber = 2;

myNumber = 10; // OK

myNumber = "abc"; // ERROR

Examples of statically typed languages are Java, C#, and Swift.

By contrast, when you’re writing in a dynamically typed

language, the type of the variable CAN change when you run
the code.

In JavaScript, you can change a number variable into a string

variable without any issue:

let myNumber = 2;

myNumber = "abc"; // OK

Examples of dynamically typed languages are Python, Ruby,

and of course, JavaScript.

A dynamically typed language is flexible and non-verbose. You

don’t need to type as much code as a statically typed language,
and this means you can be more productive when compared to
a static type language.

But there are disadvantages for using the speed and simpler
syntax of a dynamic type language.

For example, what if you pass a string into a function that

expects a number?
In JavaScript, the function simply returns a NaN as follows:

let myNumber = 2;

myNumber = "abc";

Math.round(myNumber); // NaN

But is this true? Would you like a NaN when you expect a
rounded number when calling the round() function?

Now when you code in Java the IDE you use would already
warn you of an error before you run the code.

You would get red squiggly lines below the error like this:

And when you try to compile the code to run it, Java’s compiler
program won’t work because the error prevents the
compilation.

A static type language notifies you about an error or any other

possible issue in your code without needing to run the code at
all.

When you use TypeScript, you essentially turn JavaScript into a

static type language.
You can’t change the type of your variables after it has been
declared, except by explicitly converting them.

When passing arguments to a function, you need to pass

arguments of the right types, or there will be red squiggly lines
in your code.

Sure, there’s more code to write when you use a static type
language, but the cost is outweighed by the benefits:

1. Type checking reduces the possibility of error when

executing code
2. Adding types enable code completion (more on this
later)
3. Your code is easier to read and understand

TypeScript makes working in JavaScript predictable and

scalable, and that’s why it’s used on many software projects by
large companies such as Microsoft and Netflix.

When to Use TypeScript?

TypeScript is usually used on medium to large projects, where
there’s a team of developers maintaining and developing
features on a daily basis.

If you’re working alone on a small project, it’s still totally cool to

use JavaScript. You probably benefit from the dynamic typing
and short syntax more than the additional type system added
by TypeScript.
But in all honesty, you can use TypeScript whenever you want
because TypeScript has an incremental adoption strategy baked
into the language itself.

This means you can convert a JavaScript project into a

TypeScript project incrementally, step by step as you need it.

I’ll show you how this is done in the following chapters. For
now, let’s set up your computer so that you can create and run a
TypeScript program.

Development Environment Set Up

To start programming in TypeScript, you need to have three
things on your computer:

1. A web browser
2. A code editor
3. The Node.js program

Let’s install them in the next section.

Installing Chrome Browser

Any web browser can be used to browse the Internet, but for
development purposes, you need to have a browser with
sufficient development tools.

The Chrome browser developed by Google is a great browser

for web development, and if you don’t have the browser
installed, you can download it here:
https://www.google.com/chrome/

The browser is available for all major operating systems. Once

the download is complete, follow the installation steps
presented by the installer to have the browser on your
computer.

Next, we need to install a code editor. There are several free

code editors available on the Internet, such as Sublime Text,
Visual Studio Code, and Notepad++.

Out of these editors, my favorite is Visual Studio Code because

it’s fast and easy to use.

Installing Visual Studio Code

Visual Studio Code or VSCode for short is a code editor
application created for the purpose of writing code. Aside from
being free, VSCode is fast and available on all major operating
systems.

You can download Visual Studio Code here:

https://code.visualstudio.com/

When you open the link above, there should be a button

showing the version compatible with your operating system as
shown below:
 Figure 1. Downloading VSCode

Click the button to download VSCode, and install it on your

computer.

Now that you have a code editor installed, the next step is to
install Node.js

Installing Node.js
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime application that enables you to
run JavaScript outside of the browser. We need this program to
install the TypeScript compiler.

You can download and install Node.js from https://nodejs.org.

Pick the recommended LTS version because it has long-term
support. The installation process is pretty straightforward.
To check if Node has been properly installed, type the command
below on your command line (Command Prompt on Windows
or Terminal on Mac):

node -v

The command line should respond with the version number of

the Node.js you have on your computer.

Node.js also includes a program called npm (Node Package

Manager) which you can use to install and manage Node
packages:

npm -v

Node packages are JavaScript libraries and frameworks that

you can use for free in your project. We’re going to use npm to
install TypeScript compiler later.

Now you have all the software needed to start programming in

TypeScript. Let’s do that in the next chapter.

Summary
In this chapter, you’ve learned that TypeScript adds static
typing on top of JavaScript, why it’s used by serious software
companies around the world, and when you might want to use
it.

You’ve also installed the tools required to write TypeScript code

on your computer.
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
“La Chronique des Roys de France.” J. de Ongoys.
Paris, 1579.
“Chroniques et Mémoires.” Juvenal des Ursins (1400-
1472). Paris, 1653.
“Le Règne de Charles VII.” G. Du Fresne de Beaucourt.
Paris, 1856.
“Histoire de Charles VII.” A. Bandot de Juilly. Paris,
1754.
“Histoire Généalogique de la Maison de Bar,” etc. A. Du
Chesne. Paris, 1631.
“Étude de la Vie Privée d’Anjou du XV. Siècle.” A.
Joubert. Paris, 1884.
“Histoire des Reines Jeanne I. et II.” A. T. Guzot. Paris,
1700.
“Le Orgie della Reina Giovanna II. da Napoli.” G.
Cattallani. Naples, 1895.
“Storia della Regina Giovanna II. d’Anzio.” N. F. Faraglia
Naples, 1904.
“Coustumes du Pays et Duché Dainon.” 1510.
“Coûtumes d’Anjou.” A. Beautemps-Beaupré. 4 vols.
Paris 1881.
“Histoire de Lorraine.” A. Calmet. 3 vols. Paris.
“Histoire de Provence.” J. E. Papon. Aix, 1786.
“Chroniques de Charles VII.” A. Chartier. Paris, 1528.
“Mémoires Sécrets de la Cour de Charles VII.” Madame
D(urand). Paris, 1735.
“Maison de Laval.” Comte Bertrand de Brousillon.
Angers, 1895.
“La Chorographie de Provence.” H. Bouche. 1664.
“Mélanges.” J. B. Champillon. Paris, 1809.
“Lettres Autobiographiques.” A. Charavaz. 1884.
“Chroniques des Ducs de Bourgogne.” G. Chastellain.
Paris, 1825.
“Anecdotes des Reines de France.” Paris, 1785.
“Musée des Monuments Français.” A. Lenoir. 5 vols.
Paris.
“Le Moyen Age.” P. La Croix. 5 vols. Paris, 1848.

III. Periodicals.
“Bibliothèque Nationale”—“Album des Portraits.”
“Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine et Loire.”
Vol. vi.
“Revue d’Anjou.” Vol. xv.
“Revue Historique d’Angers.” Vol. xviii.
“Revue Numismatique d’Anjou.” Vol. i.
“Bulletin Société Industrielle d’Angers.” Vol. x.
“Mémoires de la Société Agriculturelle d’Angers.” 1850,
1866, 1872.
“Bulletin Mensuel de la Société d’Archéologie Lorraine.”
Vol. i.
“Dictionnaire Biographique de Maine et Loire.” Vol. i.
“Documents Historiques de l’École des Chartes.” 1873.
“Recherches Historiques sur l’Angers.” Vols. i. and ii.
“Recherches Historiques sur le Saumur.” Vols. i. and ii.
“Archivio Storico Lombardo.” 1894.
“Joyeuses Histoires de nos Pères.” Paris, 1891, etc.
“Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine.” Vols.
xv. and xvi
“Réunion des Sociétés des Beaux Arts.” Vols. v. and
xxxii.

IV. In English.
“History of Louis XI” P. Mathieu. London, 1814.
“Romantic Episodes of France.” H. Vance. Dublin,
1868.
“Old Provence.” J. A. Cooke. 2 vols. London, 1905.
“Troubadours and Courts of Love.” J. F. Rowbotham.
London, 1895.
“Troubadours at Home.” J. H. Smith. 2 vols. London,
1899.
“Life and Times of Margaret of Anjou.” M. A. Bookham.
London, 1872.
“Lives of the Queens of England.” A. Strickland. Vol. i.
London, 1864.
“Close of Middle Ages.” R. Lodge. London, 1908.
“Life of Joan d’Arc.” Lord Mahon. London, 1876.
“Paston Letters” (1422-1509). 4 vols. Reprint, 1901.
 INDEX

“A Henry! A Henry!” 296, 298

Alagni, Lucrezia d’, 251
Alliance, A great, 262
Animals and birds, Love of, 213, 214, 352
Anjou, Anne of (daughter of King René), 141
Blanche of (natural daughter of King Louis II.), 68
Blanche of (natural daughter of King René), 68, 254, 267
Charles, Duke of (brother of King Charles VI. of France, the
elder Anjou line), 24, 25
Charles of, Duke of Maine I. (brother of King René), 24, 57,
86, 87, 92, 93, 307
Charles of, Duke of Maine II. (son of above), 57, 165, 328,
329
Foulques-Nerra, Count of, 92
Hélène of, “La Petite” (natural daughter of King René?), 341
Isabelle of (daughter of King René), 141
Jean of (son of King René), Duke of Calabria and Lorraine,
King of Catalonia, 85, 90, 91, 104, 108, 113, 114, 124,
127, 134, 140, 244-254, 264, 270, 279, 280, 291
Jean of (natural son of King René), 254
Louis I., King-Duke of, see Kings
Louis II., King-Duke of, see Kings
Louis III., King-Duke of, see Kings
Louis de Maine of (natural son of King Louis II.), 68
Madeleine of (natural daughter of King René), 254
Margaret of (daughter of King René), see Queens
Nicholas of (son of King René), 85, 141, 254-258, 328
 Odille of, “La Demoiselle” (natural daughter of King René?),
341
René, King-Duke of, 17-356
René of (son of King René), 141
Yolande of (sister of King René), see Brittany
Yolande of (daughter of King René), see Vaudémont
Architects:
Leon Battista Alberti, 20, 236;
Francesco Brunellesco, 20;
Giovanni Capistrani, 340;
Cennino Cennini, 20
Armagnac, Mahaud d’, 34, 38
Three Graces of, 260

Banquet, A sumptuous, 129, 211

Bar, Bonne of, wife of Nicholas de Ligny, 34, 80
Édouard of, 34, 69
Frederic, Count of, 32
Henry IV., Count of, 32
Iolande of Flanders, Countess of, 32-34
Jehan of, 34, 69
Louis, Cardinal of, 69, 77-81, 86, 98-103, 162, 191
Marie of France, Duchess of, 32, 34, 49, 69, 80
Robert I., Duke of, 32, 69, 78
Violante (Yolanda), see Queens
Barragana, A, 30
Bare breasts, 56, 186, 188, 262
Bare feet, A Duchess’s, 97
Battles:
Azincourt, 34, 64, 69, 96;
Arienzo, 20, 130, 131;
Baugé, 82;
 Bulgneville, 88, 109-115, 130, 192, 238, 256;
Gaeta, 241;
Montpiloir, 168;
Rocca-Secca, 219;
Rosebach, 96;
Sarno, 335;
Troia (I.), 250;
Troia (II.), 252, 335
Wars of the Roses:
Barnet, 297;
Bloreheath, 282;
Hexham, 287;
Northampton, 282;
St. Albans, 281, 284;
Towton, 285;
Wakefield, 280
Beaufort, Cardinal, 261, 262, 264, 275
Beauty, A village, 83, 147
“Belles, La Belle des,” see Agnes Sorel
“Better die right out!” 297
“Bloody Edward,” 298, 304
Blushing maids, 45
Bois Chènus, Le, 144, 173, 190
“Bourges, The little Queen of,” 174
“Bourges, The little King of,” 188, 279
“Box her ears!” 147, 198
Bride burnt to death, A, 88
Brittany, Arthur de Richemont of, 126, 133, 207
Charles, Duke of, 127, 185
Francis, Duke of, 286
Francis, Count of Montfort, 86
 Isabelle of, 72, 88
Jean VI., Duke of, 71, 88, 116, 207, 307
Yolande of Anjou, Countess of Montfort, 86
Burgundy, Catherine of, 62, 70, 71, 76, 79
Isabelle of Portugal, Duchess of, 65, 126
Jean, Duke of, 62, 70, 71, 91, 99, 182-184
Philippe, Duke of, 25, 96, 102, 108, 111, 113, 115, 116,
120, 126, 127, 138, 159, 163, 184, 236, 243-254, 258-
260, 288-290, 329
Burlesque, A royal, 289

Castles:
Aix, 19, 333, 340;
Amboise, 294, 295;
Angers, 19, 43, 44, 51, 60, 67, 72, 169, 191, 258, 293, 295,
309, 331;
Auray, 307;
Aversa, 227;
Bar-le-Duc, 88, 103, 254, 291;
Bastile, 183;
Baugé, 82;
Beaufort, 335, 350, 352;
Bisclin, 40;
Blois, 179;
Bonconville, 336;
Bourges, 64, 165, 181, 192, 201, 215;
Bourmont, 81, 113;
Bracon (Tour-de-Bar), 112, 119, 120, 138, 192, 193, 238,
242, 249;
Breauté, 196, 197;
Capua, 232, 257;
Castel Nuovo, 232;
Châtille, 113;
Charmes, 113;
Châteaudun, 182;
Chinon, 134, 154, 160, 189, 194, 201, 214, 253, 261, 286,
309;
Clermont, 113, 139, 173, 259, 336;
Coucy, 88, 95;
Dampière, 304;
dell’ Ovo, 222;
Dourdan, 177;
Forcalquier, 76;
Gaeta, 245;
Gerona, 46;
Gien, 192;
Harlech, 283;
Koeurs, 336;
Kuerere, 291;
La Ferté, 81;
Launay-les-Saumur, 318;
Laval, 307;
Les Baux, 320, 321, 348;
Loches, 170, 171, 181, 199, 201;
Louppy, 336;
Marseilles, 19, 333;
Maulevrier, 196;
Mehun-sur-Yèvre, 63, 184, 214;
Mesnil-la-Belle, 198;
Middleham, 292;
Montpellier, 45;
Muro, 217;
Nancy, 19, 95, 106, 109, 114, 133, 134, 149, 150, 254,
265;
Nantes, 270;
Nesle, 177;
Pertuis, 349;
Pierrepoint, 103;
Plessis-lès-Tours, 203;
Pont-à-Mousson, 253;
 Queniez, 304;
Reculée, 19, 214, 302, 303, 334, 352;
Renancourt, 81;
Renne, 259;
Sarry-le-Château, 313;
Saumur, 19, 91, 136, 185, 258, 261, 296, 309;
St. Mihiel, 101;
St. Pol, 289;
San Remy, 349;
Talant, 110;
Tarascon, 19, 50, 134, 137, 256, 258, 333;
Toulouse, 44, 57;
Tourg, 101;
Tours, 201, 203, 211;
Troyes, 184;
Val-de-Cassel, 34;
Varennes, 259;
Vienne, 254;
Zaragoza, 31
Cathedral, A magnificent, 163-168
“Cell, Fit for a,” 279
Champion of champions, 265, 312
Chapelle, Marie de la, 21, 345, 346
Châtelaines, 54, 59, 139, 180, 181, 196, 320, 329
Chemises, 195
Child marriages, 94
Claimants for a throne, 41, 42, 62, 63, 245, 246
Coffin, Golden hair in a, 321
“Comptes de Roy René, Les,” 28, 29, 60, 182, 213, 266, 331,
336, 337, 346
Conclave, A sacred, 157
“Confrèrerie de la Passion, La,” 256
“Conquête de la Doulce Mercy, La,” 23, 324-326
Cooking, Art of, 53, 211, 339
Coronations, Royal, 41-43, 165-168, 237, 274, 275
Correcte, Friar Thomas, 186-188
Country life, Joys of a, 318, 321, 322, 340
Court, A frivolous, 190
“Courts of Love,” 35, 37, 42, 320
Courtiers, see Nobles
Craftsmen:
Colin d’Angers, 302;
Juan d’Arragona, 27;
Jean Butort, 60;
François Castargis, 267;
Jehan Dueceux, 60;
Julien Guillot, 60;
Henri Henniquin, 27;
Jehan le Gracieux, 27;
Jehan de Nicholas, 27;
Guillaume le Pelletier, 27;
Guillaume de la Planche, 266;
Luigi Rubbotino, 27;
Guillaume Real (chef), 339;
Jean Tubande, 271
Craftswomen:
Marguerite Chamberlayne, 273;
Demoiselle Collette, 346;
Jehanne Despert, 27
Cry, A piteous, 173
Cupid’s ways, 87, 140, 310
“Curse on life! A,” 313, 314

Dame de Courrages, La, 180, 181

Dancing fool, A, 251
Dare-devils, 221-223
Day, An ill-omened, 296
Delicacies, 48, 53
“Devils at home,” 315
Devils and hobby-horses, 338
Disguise, A royal, 34, 47
Divorce, A royal, 218, 219
Dowries, Royal, 49, 70, 76, 114, 127, 196, 198, 218, 259, 317,
346, 347
Dress, A reformer of, 186-189
Dresses, Gorgeous, 233, 234, 266, 267, 311

Elopement, A royal, 138, 139

Emperors:
Charlemagne, 282, 307;
Lothair, 95;
Otto III., 32;
Robert III., 95;
Sigismund, 118, 119, 253;
Wenceslas, 212
Erotic ascendancy, 197

Farewell, A sad, 269

Fashions, 48, 49, 55, 56, 67, 186, 187, 194, 195, 202, 267
Favourites, Royal:
Pandolfo Alopo, 222, 223;
Sergianni Caracciolo, 223, 228-231, 237, 238;
Sforza da Colignola, 222, 223, 228-232;
Bartolommeo Colleone, 224;
Braccio Fortebraccio, 229-232
Feast of Folly, 37
Fête Dieu at Aix, La, 337, 338
Fête des Fous, La, 210
Fêtes and sports, see Merrymakings
Fierbois, The sword of, 154, 160, 166
Flagellations, 181
Foix, Cardinal de, 317
Foul deed, A, 298
Foul-play, 182-184, 205, 206, 218

Gardens:
Lovely Tarascon, 50;
Bar-le-Duc, 80;
Aversa, 234, 235;
Les Baux, 320, 321
Garters, Chained, 267
“Gaya Ciencia, La,” 31, 36, 37, 46, 53
Genoa, Maiden offering at, 314
Girls, Character of, 45;
tribute of, 128
“Give me René d’Anjou!” 143
Glee-maidens, 31, 35, 256, 274
Glory of France, Everything for the, 200
Golden Rose, The, 119
“Grey wolf of Anjou, The,” 304
Grotto, Voices in a, 235

Hard-heads, 36
Hairdressing, 49, 67, 148, 164, 187, 194, 195, 202, 204, 261,
266, 267, 268, 311
Hair in a coffin, Golden, 321
Harvest of a quiet eye, 350
Heart, A pierced, 290
Herring, Only one, 290
Highwaymen, 33, 132
“Hold your tongue!” 230
Honour, Dames and Maids of, 186, 222, 226, 234, 264
“Hope of England, The,” 298
Horsewoman, A splendid, 150, 151
Hostages, Royal, 113-116, 120

Jacques d’Arc, 143, 144, 167

Jeanne d’Arc, “La Pucelle,” 83-87, 143-173, 189-192, 236, 253
“Jeanne soit bonne,” 145
Jehanne de Laval, see Queens
Jehanne the Inspirer, 330
Jewels, 35, 43, 49, 56, 80, 128, 196, 202, 203, 234, 247, 266-
268, 275, 276, 289, 309, 315, 335, 346, 349, 354
Jews, 240
Joke, A royal, 61

Kings:
Alfonso, “The Magnanimous,” of Aragon-Sicily-Naples, 75,
117, 124, 126, 128, 130, 224, 225, 227-235, 241-258,
280, 334
Andrew of Hungary, 217, 246
Charles IV., “The Fair,” of France, 177
Charles V. of France, 82
Charles VI. of France, 40, 44, 55, 63-65, 68, 179-181, 193,
209, 265, 276, 308
Charles VII. of France, 63-65, 81-85, 88, 91, 109-111, 117,
126, 132, 154-199, 200-215, 236, 239, 251-254, 260-
264, 269-279, 331
Charles VIII. of France, 294, 347
Charles II. of Naples, 333
Charles III. of Naples, 216, 217, 220
Edward IV. of England, 281-286 292-304
Ferdinand of Aragon, 221, 227
Ferdinand I. of Naples, 252, 335
Henry IV. of England, 295
Henry V. of England, 56, 65, 72, 181, 184
Henry VI. of England, 138, 260-263, 272-304, 363
Henry II. of France, 196
Iago II. of Aragon, 36
James III. of Scotland, 285, 290
Jean II., “The Good,” of France, 29, 32, 44, 65, 67, 73, 80,
127
Juan I. of Aragon, 32-49, 334
Juan II. of Aragon-Catalonia, 334
Juan III. of Aragon-Catalonia, see Jean d’Anjou
Ladislaus of Naples, 216-220
Louis IX. (St. Louis) of France, 51, 176
 Louis XI. of France, 85, 175, 197-205, 214, 232, 264, 286-
296, 300-304, 326, 335, 347
Louis I. of Sicily-Anjou, 29, 39-44, 58, 73, 118
Louis II. of Sicily-Anjou, 29, 39, 40-46, 55-67, 73, 85, 93,
99, 174-176, 207, 217-219, 332
Louis III. of Sicily-Anjou, 57-64, 68-76, 82-89, 117, 121,
165-169, 185-188, 212, 225-246, 320
Martino of Aragon-Sicily, 30, 42, 62
René of Sicily-Anjou-Naples, 17-356
Robert of Naples, 217
Philip V., “The Tall,” of France, 177
King, A libertine, 218;
meagre fare of a, 182;
Most Valiant (?), 195;
skit on a, 201
Kisses, 47, 52, 75, 137, 152, 195, 201, 208, 209, 226, 255, 257,
269, 335

“L’Abuzé en Court,” 24, 327, 328

“Lady of his thoughts, The,” 310
Lady of the Crest, 306, 310, 311
“La Française,” 275, 279, 280
“La Royne Blanche,” 85, 112, 161, 166, 173
Laval, Françoise de Dinan, Countess of, 308
Guy XIII., Count of, 68, 87, 135-137, 162, 170, 307-312,
316, 317, 355
Guy XIV., Count of, 307
Isabelle of Brittany, Countess of, 307
Jehanne of, see Queens
Pierre of, 307, 309, 317
Yolande of, 307
“Le Bon Roy,” 318, 321, 322, 324, 326, 332, 338, 343
Legends:
Nôtre Dame de Sousterre, 35;
St Catherine les Baux, 320, 321;
St. Frisette de Reims, 164;
St. Martha of Bethany, 50, 51, 333;
St. Maximin d’Aix, 333;
St. Radegonde de Tours, 157;
St. Renatus d’Angers, 59, 60
Leonora, Fair, 225, 231-235
“Le Sauve-garde de ma Vie,” 340
Les Baux, Alix, Countess of, 319
Cécile of, “La Passe Rose,” 320
Douce of, 320
Étiennette of, 320
Jehanne of, 319
Raymond, Count of, 320
Robert Beaufort, Count of, “Le Fléau de Provence,” 319
“Les Tards-Venus,” 319
Library, A famous, 120
“Ligue de Quatre, La,” 73
Likeness in a lance, A, 331
“Like Queen Giovanna!” 217
Lioness at bay, Like a, 303
Lorraine, Adelebert, Duke of, 95
Charles II., Duke of, 88, 95, 96, 98-104, 121, 143, 148-151,
163, 171, 244, 245
Isabelle of, see Queens
Jehan, Count of, 95
Margaret of Bavaria, Duchess of, 95-100, 104, 105, 110-
115, 118, 121, 148-153, 254
Marie of, Dame de Soissons, 95
 Raoul, Duke of, 105
René II., Duke of, 336, 347, 348
The Pride of, 94, 98, 151, 156
Love of all the boys, 257
Love, Courts of:
Bar le Duc, 35;
Zaragoza, 37;
Barcelona, 42;
Les Baux, 320
Love, The Chamber of, 320
Love Lady-Day, 281, 282
Loves of Louis and Yolanda, 46
Charles and Agnes, 192-200
Charles Dunois and Marie d’Anjou, 208, 209
Louis and Leonora, 225-235
Love’s rosebush, 97

“Magali,” 330
Maiden tribute, 316
Maids of Honour, 186, 222, 226, 234, 264
Maignelais, Antoinette de, 193, 198
Catherine de, 193
Malady, A terrible, 276
Margaret d’Anjou, see Queens
Margaret, Truce of, 281
Marguerites, 268, 271, 274
“Mariage, Quinze Joyes de,” 77
Marriage ring torn off, 219
Martyrdom, A royal, 172, 173
Matchmaking, 35, 39, 64, 65, 70-73, 76, 86-88, 91, 127, 218,
220, 256, 257, 259, 293, 294
Matrimonial pros and cons, 99, 100
Matrons, A panel of, 83, 157, 158, 191
Mermaid, A Sicilian, 226
“Merrie Mol, Une,” 289
Merrymakings, 31, 35-37, 46, 48, 50-54, 61, 72, 91, 104, 134,
135, 139, 234, 256, 265, 338
Millionaires, Royal, 58, 62, 182, 212
Montereau, Derouillée de, 206
“Mortifiement de Vaine Plaisance, Le,” 23, 317
Mottoes:
“Amour et foy” (Isabelle de Lorraine), 142;
“Ardent désir” (King René), 134;
“Fides vitat servata” (King René), title-page
Murder, 222, 223, 298, 299
Mystery plays, 38, 52, 265, 274, 337, 338

Natural children, 30, 68, 196, 220, 227, 252

Nobles and Courtiers:
Agout, Raymond d’, 44, 45
Aigle, Jean, Lord de l’, 60
Amboise, Louis d’, 206
Andrews, William (Private Secretary to Henry VI.), 268
Avellino, Robert, Count of, 245
Barbazan, Armand, 109, 158, 162, 168
Baudricourt, Robert de, 147, 148
Beauvais, Pierre de, 68
Beauvau, Bertrand de, Lord of Precigny, 267, 346, 347
Beauvau, Louis de, 20, 26, 137, 312, 317
Beauprémont, Pierre de, 258
Belleneve, Louis Jehan, Lord of, 347
Biège, Pierre de, 68
Brézé, Jacques de, Count of Maulevrier, 196
Brézé, Louis de, 196
Brézé, Pierre de, 287, 288
Breslay, René de, 350
Cabarus, Vidal di, 244
Capua, Andrea di, 219
Champchevier, Jules, 261
Charantais, Jehan, 225
Charny, Adolphe de, 258
Châtel, Tanneguy de, 20, 182, 184
Clifford, Lord, 283, 284
Cœur, Jacques, 182, 212
Coëtivi, Olivier de, 196
Cossé, Thibault de, 350
Couldray, Lord of, 316
Courrages, Lord of, 180, 181
Coyrant, Yovunet, 61
Crepin, Jehan, 76
Dunois, Count Charles (le Bâtard d’Orléans), 159, 161, 168,
207-211
Escose, Jean d’, 274
Falstaff, Sir John, 261
Fenestranger, Jehan de, 125
Flavy, Guillaume de, 81
Fortescue, Sir John, 292
Gaudel, Antoine de, 258
Gris, Jehan de, 180
Harancourt, Gerard de, 125
Harancourt, Jacques de, 125
Hérault, Alain le, 28
La Hire, 159, 161, 168, 182
Lenoncourt, Philippe de, 30
Laval, Guy de, 87
Louvet, Étienne, 207
Luxembourg, Jehan de, 78
Maçon, Robert de, 83
Mahiers, Jacquemain de, 349
Maignelais, Raoul de, 193
Mailly, Hardoin de, 186
Mattaincourt, Jehan de, 81
Maulevrier, Jacques Odon de, 186
Metz, Jehan de, 148
Mezières, Louis de Maine, Lord of, 68
Montague, Lord, 284
Montelar, Charles di, Baron, 244
Moraens, François de la Vignolles de, 304, 305
Morien, Jehan de, 44, 45
Oxford, Earl of, 293
Pastis, Jehan de, 349
Pulligny, Hugues de, 32
Remerville, Guillaume de, 355
Roche, Philippe de Pot, de la, 288
Roches, Guillaume Chevalier des, 60
Ruthen, Lord Guy de, 282
St. Aubin, Pierre, Abbé de, 60
Salisbury, Earl of, 281, 282, 284
Sancerre, Antoine de Benil, Count of, 196
Sarrebouche, Robert de, 78
Sérancourt, Jehan de, 28
Somerset, Duke of, 279, 281, 287, 297
Sorel, Jehan de, 193
Suffolk, Earl of, 132, 138, 262, 264, 270
Toreglia, Giovanni di, 251
Toulongeon, Antoine de, 109, 110
Trémouille, Pierre de, 158, 161, 168, 207
Valorey, Barthélèmy de, 68
Valorey, Gabriel de, 68
 Villerequier, André de, 198
Warwick, Earl of, 281-284, 292-297
Wenlock, Lord, 297
Westmoreland, Earl of, 295
Xaintrailles, Pothon de, 207
Nuptials, Royal, 41, 48, 49, 81, 86, 87, 91, 101, 123, 138, 179,
181, 204, 217, 218, 221, 256, 264, 272, 273, 295, 317

Obsequies, Royal, 40, 41, 57, 58, 66, 67, 68, 72, 92, 121, 122,
132, 135, 214, 219, 241, 258, 300, 314, 315, 344, 345, 349,
354
Ode, A funeral, 356
“Oh fie! Oh fie!”, 262
Orders:
of the Sturgeon, 26;
of the Plough, 26;
de la Fidélité, 79;
Toison d’Or, 115;
du Croissant, 136;
Golden Rose, 119, 342
Oriflamme, “The Maid’s” white, 153, 167, 169

Pack of cards, A famous, 212

Pageant of the Peasant, The, 329
Painters:
Fra Angelico, 20;
Petrus Christus, 79;
Hubert Van Eyck, 19, 20, 79;
Jan Van Eyck, 19, 20, 79;
Jean Focquet, 19;
Colantonio del Fiore, 20;
 Angiolo Franco, 20;
Hans of Antwerp, 260;
Fra Filippo Lippi, 20;
Jehannot le Flament, 19, 312;
Antonio Solario (“Il Zingaro”), 20, 242;
Paolo Ucello, 20
Pastoral, A royal, 322
Payments, Quaint, 271-273
Peach, Bite a, 206
Pilgrimage, A warlike, 159-161
Plot, A royal, 231
“Plucking the turkey,” 36
Poison, 89, 205, 206, 218, 313, 342
“Polluyon,” Ceremony of the, 105
Poniard, A jewelled, 238;
a stealthy, 320
Popes:
Benedict XIII., 69;
Boniface IX., 219;
Clement VII., 40;
Eugenius IV., 125, 130, 250;
John XXIII., 80;
Martin V., 229;
Nicholas V., 332;
Sixtus IV., 25
Porta, Giovanni de la (King René’s confessor), 332
Poverty, Royal, 181, 182
Presents, Extraordinary, 273, 274;
splendid, 186, 346, 347
Preux chevaliers, 87, 96, 236, 287, 314
Prince, An ugly, 175, 176, 203
Princes:
Alençon, Jehan, Count of, 86
Alençon, Charles, Duke of, 264, 270
Anjou, see Anjou
Aragon, Juan of, 221
Aragon, Pedro of, 124
Armagnac, Henri, Count of, 183, 260
Austria, Ladislaus, Archduke of, 211
Austria, Leopold III., Duke of, 218
Austria, William, Duke of, 218
Baden, James, Marquis of, 96, 107
Bavaria, Louis of, 109, 123
Bar, see Bar
Bedford, John, Duke of, 161, 169
Berg, Arnould, Duke of, 77
Berry, Charles, Duke of, 205, 206
Bourbon, Charles, Duke of, 91
Bourbon, Louis, Duke of, 62
Bourbon, Jacques of, 221, 222
Brittany, see Brittany
Brunswick, Otto of, 217
Burgundy, see Burgundy
Castile, Ferdinand of, 40, 63
Charolois, Count of, 289
Clarence, Duke of, 295
Foix, Gaston de, Count, 211
Gaunt, John of, 295
Gravina, Charles Durazzo, Count of, 217
Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, 262, 274, 275, 277, 279
Lorraine, see Lorraine
Luxembourg, Henri, Count of, 27
Luxembourg, John, Duke of, 171
Luxembourg, Pierre of, 256, 259, 265
Marche, Robert, Count de la, 259
 Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of, 241, 250
Milan, Francesco Sforza, Duke of, 130, 250, 280
Montfort, see Brittany
Nevers, Charles of Bruges, 259, 262, 309, 312
Nevers, Philippe, Count of, 259
Orange, Louis of, 81
Orsini, Raimondo of, 219
Savoy, Amadeo VIII., Duke of, 211, 238
Taranto, Charles III., Prince of, 176
Taranto, Jehan de Beaux-Taranto, 176
Taranto, Lodovico of, 217
Vendôme, Antoine, Duke of, 62
Wales, Edward, Prince of, 277-279, 282-288, 293-300
Würtemberg, Ulric VII., Count of, 123
York, Edward, Duke of, 264, 270, 275-280
Princesses:
Anjou, Blanche of, 68, 254, 267
Anjou, Margaret of, see Queens
Anjou, Yolande of, Countess of Montfort, 86
Anjou, Yolande of, Countess of Vaudémont, see Vaudémont
Aragon, Juanita of, 30, 35, 38
Armagnac, Isabelle of, 260
Austria, Anne, Duchess of, 259
Baden, Catherine, Marchioness of, 96
Bar, Bonne of, 34, 80
Bar, Marie of France, Duchess of, 32, 34, 49, 69, 80
Bar, Violante of, see Queens
Bavaria, Elizabeth of, 118
Beaufort, Joanna, of Ghent, 295
Bourbon, Anne, Duchess of, 289, 290
Bourbon, Marie of, see Queens
Brittany, Isabelle of, 72, 85
Brittany, Yolande, Countess of Montfort, 86
Burgundy, Catherine of, 62, 70, 71, 76
France, Catherine of (daughter of Charles VII.), 214
 Catherine of (natural daughter of Charles VII.), 196
Jeanne of (daughter of Charles VII.), 173, 211, 214
Jeanne of (natural daughter of Charles VII.), 196
Madeleine of (daughter of Charles VII.), 211, 214
Margaret of (natural daughter of Charles VII.), 196
Margaret of (daughter of King Philippe V.), 176
Yolande of (daughter of Charles VII.), 211, 214
Harcourt, Marie of, 28
Laval, Françoise de Dinan, Countess of, 308
Laval, Yolande of, 307
Les Baux, Alix, Countess of, 319
Cécile of, 320
Douce of, 320
Étiennette of, 320
Jehanne of, 319
Lorraine, Isabelle of, see Queens
Lorraine, Margaret of Bavaria, Duchess of, see Lorraine
Lorraine, Marie of, Dame de Soissons, 95
Luxembourg, Blanche of, 177
Luxembourg, Jehanne of, 177
Marche, Jeanne de la, 259
Provence, Beatrix, Countess of, 216
Vaudémont, Anna, Countess of, 125, 138
Vaudémont, Margaret of (granddaughter of King René), 343
Vaudémont, Yolande of Anjou, Countess of, see Vaudémont
Wales, Anne Neville, Princess of, 294-299
Würtemberg, Sophie, Countess of, 95
“Priez pour la Bonne Jehanne,” 352
Prisoner, A royal, 115, 116
Progresses, Royal, 33, 40, 44, 46, 47, 62, 107, 127, 185, 269-
271, 274, 296, 319

Quatrain, A royal, 179

Queen:
Bath of, 242;
begs alms, 247;
borrows a farthing, 290;
bountiful, 351;
dances on highway, 33;
day in the life of a, 242;
Epitaph on a, 305;
“great,” 93, 141, 143, 150, 305;
handiwork of a, 341;
heroic, 189, 290;
intrepid, 253;
knighted, 285;
last words of, 205;
leprous, 304;
letters of a, 213, 244;
noblest of France, 215;
of beauty, 135, 309, 311;
of hearts, 42, 195;
of Queens, 310;
of roses, 306;
prisoner, 232;
robber and, 288;
speech of a, 185, 290;
state entry of Queens, 35, 50, 81, 103, 105, 106, 202, 257,
274, 317
Queens:
Blanche of Navarre-France, 334
Bonne of Luxembourg-France, 44
Catherine of Valois-England, 56, 65
Charlotte of Savoy-France, 214, 286, 294
Constance of Clermont-Naples, 218
Giovanna I. of Naples, 217, 246
Giovanna II. of Naples, 66, 75, 89, 116-121, 217-252, 333,
357
 Isabeau of Bavaria-France, 40, 51-59, 63-68, 177-186, 190,
206, 216, 262
Isabelle of Lorraine-Sicily-Anjou-Naples, 77, 86-88, 90, 91,
94-142, 166-169, 185, 193, 206, 239-259, 264, 269-279,
280, 313-318, 338
Jehanne of Laval-Sicily-Anjou, 135, 203, 264, 291, 303,
306-356
Margaret of Anjou-England, 85, 125, 134-140, 244, 253-
305, 310, 313, 331, 336, 337
Margaret of Savoy-Sicily-Anjou-Naples, 73, 89, 90, 122,
123, 130, 139, 235, 237, 240-247
Margaret of Durazzo-Naples, 216-220
Margaret of Scotland-France, 203, 205, 313, 314
Margaret of Denmark-Scotland, 285
Maria of Lusignan-Naples, 218
of Sicily, 42
Marie of Anjou-France, 58-64, 68-70, 82-85, 90, 91, 139,
158, 165, 170, 173, 174-215, 236, 261, 264-266, 269,
286, 291, 313, 326, 342
Marie of Châtillon-Sicily-Anjou-Naples, 39-41, 45, 47, 57,
58, 353
Marie of Bourbon-Calabria-Catalonia, 91, 127, 134, 135,
204
Marie of Enghien-Naples, 219
Yolanda of Bar-Aragon, 30, 35-47, 98
Yolanda of Aragon-Sicily-Anjou-Naples, 30-93, 98-104, 112,
117-121, 127, 142, 150, 158-160, 166, 169, 174-179,
185, 188, 197, 203, 207-209, 225, 236, 239, 243-247,
249, 258, 263, 266, 307, 312, 319, 334, 341

Ransom, A King’s, 65, 117, 118, 119

“Regnault et Jehanneton,” 23, 322-324
Relics, 29, 333, 334
René of Anjou, King, 17-356;
 titles of, 17, 101;
character of, 18, 106;
occupations of, 18, 19, 120;
painter, 20, 21;
miniaturist, 21, 22;
writer and poet, 22, 23, 81;
a bosom friend of, 24;
letters of, 25;
patron of crafts, 26, 27;
accessibility of, 27;
generosity of, 28;
devotion to relics, 29;
his winecup, 29;
travels of, 20;
tutors, 77;
arms, 78;
marriages of, 101, 317;
in prison, 88, 110, 112;
“La Pucelle” and, 149, 150, 151;
love of nature, 213, 322;
his heart, 349;
signature, 356
Rings, 49, 137, 219, 272, 335, 354
“Rose, The Golden,” 119, 342
Roses at Christmas, 306, 316;
in Temple Gardens, 306;
Queen of, 306;
showers of, 226;
Wars of the, 279-300
Royal hussy, A, 257

“St. Madeleine preaching,” 21

Sand, Writing in, 208, 209
Sash, Tripped on a, 128
Scales, The Lady Emma de, 268
Scapegoat, A, 105
“Scourge of France, The,” 68
Sculptors:
Della Robbia, 20;
Pietro da Milano, 316;
Francesco Laurana, 355
Second marriage advocated, 316
“She wolf, The,” 299
Silver swans, 282
Sisters, Unfortunate, 177
Slanders, 84, 156, 191, 206, 207, 241, 277, 278
Snails, Horns of, 187
Sorel, Agnes, 91, 111, 170, 171, 178, 182, 194-199, 255, 264
“Soul and Heart,” a dialogue, 318
Stabbed to death, 196, 238
Stories:
a lost diamond, 346;
a pathetic, 313;
a pretty, 55, 208, 209;
a romantic, 225-235;
a tragic, 180, 181

Tapestries, Rich, 179, 185

Taxes, Queen Yolande’s, 76
Tempests at sea, 271, 287, 296
The “Cokke John,” 271
Theatre, The French, 265
“This is Queen Margaret!” 299
Three Graces of Armagnac, 260
Toast, A popular, 164
“Too much blood!” 131
Tournaments, 135, 136, 139, 265, 308-312, 315, 329
Tournament prizes, 311, 312
Tower, In the, 283, 290, 296, 299
“Le Tracte des Tournois,” 24
Treachery, 282, 287, 297, 298
Tribunal, An imperial, 119
Tragedy, Stories of, 180, 181, 205, 206
Troubadours, 31, 34, 35, 37, 46, 153, 212, 256, 265, 274, 318,
329;
maxims, 329;
royal, 34, 97, 268;
Queen of, 36, 42
Troubadour Laureates:
Eustache des Champs-Morel, 34;
Jehan Durant, 153;
Guillaume de Poitou, 329
Troublous times, 58, 59, 62, 64, 65, 201, 202, 236, 237, 246,
248
Trousseaux, Royal, 32, 43, 49, 50, 266
Tutors, Royal:
Jan Van Eyck, 19;
Jehan de Proviesey, 77;
Antoine de la Salle, 77, 288;
Philippe de Lenoncourt, 125;
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