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Cont. and diff.

The document discusses the concepts of continuity and differentiability of functions, defining continuity at a point and outlining the conditions that must be met for a function to be continuous. It also provides examples of continuous and discontinuous functions, along with fundamental results and standard results on continuity. Additionally, it covers the algebra of continuous functions and types of discontinuities, including removable and infinite discontinuities.

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kaushalrajkumar2020
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11 views8 pages

Cont. and diff.

The document discusses the concepts of continuity and differentiability of functions, defining continuity at a point and outlining the conditions that must be met for a function to be continuous. It also provides examples of continuous and discontinuous functions, along with fundamental results and standard results on continuity. Additionally, it covers the algebra of continuous functions and types of discontinuities, including removable and infinite discontinuities.

Uploaded by

kaushalrajkumar2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTINUITY

AND

DIFFERENTIABILITY
Continuity of function at a point:

1. Geometrically a function y = f(x) , is continuous at x = a , if the graph of the function is continuous


(without any break) at x = a.
2. A function y = f(x) is said to be continuous at a point x = a if following conditions are satisfied: :
a) f(a) exists => f(a) is finite, definite and real.
b) Left hand limit of f(x) at(x = a) = Right hand limit of f(x) at (x = a) = Value of f(x) at (x = a)
=> if at (x = a), LHL = RHL = f(a)

Note: 1. To evaluate LHL of a function f(x) at (x = a), put x = a – h and to find RHL, put x = a + h.
2. A function is discontinuous at a point a if it fails to be continuous at a.

Eg: Test the continuity of the function f(x) at the origin :


Continuous vs Discontinuous Functions

1. Graph of f(x) = x3 − 6x2 − x + 30:

Note : It is continuous.

2. Graph of

Note : It is not continuous at x=1.

3. Graph of

Note : The function is not defined for x = 0 and x = 1.


Fundamental Results:

1. A function is said to be indeterminate at any point if it shows one of the following values:
0/0, 0 × ∞, ∞/∞, ∞-∞, 00, 1∞, ∞0.
2. Infinity (∞) does not obey the laws of elementary algebra.
(i) ∞+∞=∞
(ii) ∞x∞=∞
(iii) (a/∞) = 0, if a is finite

3. If f(x) and g(x) are two functions of x ,s.t both exists then :

(v)
Standard results on Continuity:
• Continuity means the function should not have any break or sudden jump at any point in the given
domain.
• Every identity function is continuous.
• Every constant function is continuous.
• Every polynomial function is continuous.
• Every rational function is continuous in its domain.
• All trigonometric functions are continuous in their domain.
• All inverse trigonometric functions are continuous in their respective domains
• Every Modulus function is continuous .
• The exponential function ax , a > 0 is continuous.
• The logarithmic functions f(x) = log x are continuous in its given domain.

Algebra of continuous functions:

If the two real functions, say f and g, are continuous at a real number c, then
(i) f + g is continuous at x = c .
(ii) f – g is continuous at x = c .
(iii) f . g is continuous at a t x = c .
(iv) f / g is continuous at a t x = c , (provided g ( c ) ≠ 0 ) .
Types of Discontinuities:

( Or both are infinity)

Eg1: If f(x) = (x² - 4) / (x - 2).


This function is undefined at x = 2 . However, if x ≠ 2, the function can be simplified to f(x) = x + 2. The limit as x
approaches 2 is:

Thus, the limit exists, but f(2) is undefined. This is a removable discontinuity. The discontinuity can be
"removed" by defining f(2) = 4
Eg2:

Eg 3:

Eg 4: f(x) = 1/x
(Asymptote)

The limit of f(x) as x approaches to 0 does not exist because the function
diverge to both positive and negative infinity, indicating an infinite discontinuity
at x = 0.
Ex 5.1 /RSA

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