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AngularJS Web Application Development
Blueprints
Table of Contents
AngularJS Web Application Development Blueprints
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Support files, eBooks, discount offers, and more
Why subscribe?
Free access for Packt account holders
Preface
About JavaScript MVC frameworks
How AngularJS was born
The idea behind this book
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Software versions
Copying the code files
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Introduction to AngularJS and the Single Page Application
Delving into Single Page Apps
Anatomy of a simple AngularJS app
Models and views
Building an Address Book App
 Understanding the scope in AngularJS
Styling the app
Sorting the contacts alphabetically
Adding contacts to the Address Book
The ng-show and ng-hide directives
Summary
2. Setting Up Your Rig
Setting up Node.js
Creating a simple Node.js web server with ExpressJS
Setting up Grunt
Installing Grunt-cli
Creating the package.json file
Creating your Grunt tasks
Grunt tasks to merge and concatenate files
Running shell commands via Grunt
Yeoman – the workflow tool
Installing Yeoman
Running your app
Unit testing with Karma
Using Protractor for End-to-End tests
Installing Selenium Server
Understanding the example_spec.js file
Understanding the conf.js file
Writing your own Protractor test cases
Summary
3. Rapid Prototyping with AngularJS
Understanding the application that we will Prototype
Introducing Grid Layouts and Bootstrap
Understanding the grid system
Introducing Angular UI
UI-Utils
 UI-Modules
UI-Bootstrap
NG-Grid
UI-Router
IDE Plugins
Prototyping the Healthy Living website
Adding the ui.bootstrap dependency
Creating the navigation bar
Adding the carousel
Tweaking the hero unit
Adding the three content blocks
Creating a new view
Understanding routes
Building the articles view
Accordions using Angular Bootstrap
Building the image gallery
Gallery view using Bootstrap Thumbnail
Adding the star rating
Building data grids using NG-Grid
Adding the NG-Grid component
Grouping data in NG-Grid
Excel-style editing in NG-Grid
Creating a modal window to add subscribers
Real-time form validations
Summary
4. Using REST Web Services in Your AngularJS App
Understanding the response from a REST API
Testing a RESTful web service
Jump starting your app development with Angular Seed
Files and folders in Angular Seed
Adding Bootstrap libraries
 Starting your Node web server
Mark-up our Layout
Creating the routes
Understanding AngularJS services
Writing your first factory service
Dependency Injection
Coding the partial
Calling the REST web service using $http
Using promise for asynchronous calls
Displaying data from the JSON response
Unit testing our application
Mocking $http during Unit testing
Creating a Pinterest style layout
Adding actions to the buttons
Summary
5. Facebook Friends’ Birthday Reminder App
Understanding the Facebook SDK
The Social Graph
The Graph API
The Graph API Explorer
Creating your Facebook app
Setting up our project
Running your application
Delving into AngularJS directives
What is a directive?
Importance of naming conventions for directives
The anatomy of a directive
Writing our first directive
Adding a Facebook login
Adding the fb-root div element
Loading the Facebook SDK
 Understanding $watch and $digest
When to use $apply
Getting the user’s friend list
Getting your friends’ profile pictures and birthdays
Requesting additional permission with FB.login
Understanding isolated scope
Adding some CSS styles
Changing the routes
Adding in the logout link
Writing automated tests
Writing Unit tests with Karma
Writing End-to-End tests using Protractor
Summary
6. Building an Expense Manager Mobile App
Understanding HTML5 Web Storage
localStorage
sessionStorage
Building the Expense Manager App
Building the Add Expense form
What is $rootScope?
Understanding the .run block
Creating a value service to store CategoryList
Validating the Add Expense form
Using localStorage to save data
Building a bar chart directive based on D3
Summarizing the expenses by categories
Creating our bar chart directive
Making the app responsive
Adding the CSS media query
Scaling the D3 chart based on window size
Adding touch events
 Enabling swipe gestures using ngTouch
Adding page transitions using ngAnimate
Loading the ngAnimate module
Adding CSS3 transitions
Making the app feel like a native app
Adding touch icons
Running the app in fullscreen mode
Adding additional features
Summary
7. Building a CMS on the MEAN Stack
Why the MEAN stack?
Getting started with the MEAN stack
Setting up MongoDB
Setting up ExpressJS and MongooseJS
Building the server-side app
Creating the Mongoose schemas
Creating CRUD routes
Adding a new entry to the collection
Updating a collection
Deleting a collection item
Displaying a single record
Securing your admin section
Using bcrypt to encrypt passwords
Adding a new admin user
Creating the route for authenticating login
Creating the logout route
Writing the sessionCheck middleware
Integrating AngularJS with an ExpressJS project
Generating SEO-friendly URLs using HTML5 mode
Building the admin section for CRUD operations
Creating the routes for the admin section
 Building the factory services
Building the controllers for the admin section
Setting up the admin page layout
Building the listing view for the admin section
Setting up authentication in AngularJS
Creating our login page
Building a custom module for global notification
Building and initializing the message.flash module
Building the message.flash factory service
Setting up $broadcasts
Building the directive for the message.flash module
Setting a flash message
Creating our Add-Edit page controller
Creating our Add-Edit view
Writing a custom filter to autogenerate the URL field
Adding the WYSIWYG editor
Setting up an Interceptor to detect responses
Building the frontend of our CMS
Building our navigation bar directive
Building the admin-login directive
Displaying the content of a page
Setting the default home page
Summary
8. Scalable Architecture for Deployments on AWS
Understanding the various services in Amazon AWS
Delving into AWS deployment architectures
The EC2 server-based architecture
The Server-less Architecture
Deploying our app in a Server-less Architecture on AWS
Mapping a domain to S3
Mapping the S3 bucket to a CloudFront distribution
 Getting your app ready for production deployment
Improving the page-load time of your app
Setting Expires headers
Performance
Summary
9. Building an E-Commerce Store
Backend as a Service
Building a BaaS platform on AWS
Setting up an S3 Bucket with public read access
Setting up the CORS policy on your S3 bucket
Creating our DynamoDB tables
Creating the Identity and Access Management (IAM) role
Creating our e-commerce app
Building nested views using UI-Router
Mapping states to URL, views, and controllers
Prototyping our application
Setting up our index.html file
Creating the controllers
Creating the product partials
Adding animations to the view transitions
Adding in the CSS transition effects
Creating our application-level controller
Adding a Facebook login
Integrating AWS JS SDK with our application
Creating the AWS service provider
Building our Add Products page
Saving data in DynamoDB tables
Creating the view for the add product form
Building the controller for the add products view
Uploading images to S3
Fetching the products lists for a category
 Using resolves to preload data
Creating our product details page
Adding products to cart
The checkout page
Saving the orders
Summary
A. AngularJS Resources
Official resources
Recommended AngularJS modules
Boiler plates
Learning resources
Good friends with AngularJS (third-party tools and services)
Core team members and knowledgeable people to follow
Index
AngularJS Web Application Development
Blueprints
AngularJS Web Application Development
Blueprints
Copyright © 2014 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the
information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without
warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its
dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused
directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: August 2014
Production reference: 1180814
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
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Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78328-561-7
www.packtpub.com
Cover image by Faiz Fattohi (<[email protected]>)
Credits
Author
Vinci Rufus
Reviewers
Jeff Cunningham
Ashutosh Das
AJ Kerrigan
Ciro Nunes
Yacine Rezgui
Commissioning Editor
Akram Hussain
Acquisition Editor
Richard Harvey
Content Development Editor
Vaibhav Pawar
Technical Editors
Shashank Desai
Menza Mathew
Copy Editors
Karuna Narayanan
Alfida Paiva
Laxmi Subramanian
Project Coordinators
Binny K. Babu
Kranti Berde
Proofreaders
Bridget Braund
Paul Hindle
Lucy Rowland
Indexers
Hemangini Bari
Mariammal Chettiyar
Rekha Nair
Priya Subramani
Graphics
Valentina D’silva
Production Coordinator
Aparna Bhagat
Cover Work
Aparna Bhagat
About the Author
Vinci Rufus has been working with frontend technologies for close to 14 years now. He
started his career building games with Flash ActionScript and later moved on to JavaScript
and HTML5. During his spare time, he enjoys conducting workshops and training people.
For a living, he mentors, guides, and helps grow the technology team at Razorfish Neev,
primarily in the area of commerce, usability, and emerging technologies.
A sincere thanks to the awesome team at Razorfish Neev. I’ve learned so much working
with you all.
My deepest regards to the technical reviewers, Jeff Cunningham, Ashutosh Das, AJ
Kerrigan, Ciro Nunes, and Yacine Rezgui, and also to the content development editor,
Vaibhav Pawar, whose insights and feedback greatly helped in adding the finishing
touches for this book.
A big thank you to my family; my dad, Rufus, who learned computers only so that he
could teach me; my mom, Anne, who has always encouraged me to take up challenges
every time I thought it wasn’t possible; my awesome kids, Shannon and Jaden, who
sacrificed a lot of their play time so that I could write this book; my wife, Raina, for all the
support that was instrumental in this book reaching its completion; and finally, my sister,
Blaisy, who was always there to give feedback and critique my work, and with whom I
could brainstorm and discuss ideas.
About the Reviewers
Jeff Cunningham is a mobile app developer at Comdata in Nashville, TN. After 15 years
of working in the field of Java web development, he now enjoys the challenges of
frontend and mobile development. He also reviewed the book, AngularJS Directives,
Packt Publishing, and maintains the popular repo named AngularJS-Learning on GitHub
(https://github.com/jmcunningham/AngularJS-Learning).
Ashutosh Das, who hails from Bangladesh, works mainly as a backend developer and his
experience includes working with Django, Node.js, Laravel, and so on. He also likes to
work with AngularJS. He spends his spare time writing for GitHub. He also works as a
freelancer and is a part-time job holder. He is currently in the process of reviewing the
book, AngularJS UI Development, Packt Publishing.
AJ Kerrigan is a systems analyst with a small IT department in New Jersey. His technical
duties and interests include server and database administration, command-line scripting,
and web development.
AngularJS Web Application Development Blueprints, Packt Publishing, represents AJ’s
first experience as a technical reviewer.
I would like to thank my wife, daughter, and dog for their love, support, and endless
supply of hugs. Thanks to my father as well, who provided me with my first exposure to
programming (BASIC on the family TI-99/4a computer). He has been a consistent source
of encouragement and guidance.
Ciro Nunes is a 22-year old frontend engineer, test-first evangelist, and specialist in large-
scale architectures for heavy client-side applications. At such a young age, he has been
responsible for the development of the biggest e-commerce websites from Latin America.
He’s also the organizer of the AngularJS SP Meetup which has more than 400 members.
Nowadays, he’s working on applications for the financial market that pushes the
boundaries of AngularJS.
I want to thank my family and friends for their patience, with me being so absent lately. I
promise that I’m going to walk more with the dog and spend more time with you whom I
love.
Yacine Rezgui is a French-Tunisian web developer. He started web developing at the age
of 12, and since then, has made his passion his job. He’s specialized in web development
and strongly believes that it is the best cross-platform environment. He’s currently the
organizer of the London Phonegap Meetup.
He worked in different companies such as Médiamétrie eStat, Tequila Rapido, and
GovernorHub as a freelancer.
I would like to thank my friends, James Nocentini, James Sharp, Cédric Ferretti, and
Xavier Kress for supporting me on my work, my family for all their encouragement, and
Xuxu for helping me to focus.
www.PacktPub.com
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Preface
The most annoying part of using any website or web application is the time we wait for
pages to load. Sure, everybody is working on making the Web fast, but those 2-3 seconds
that it takes for a round trip to the server does not stop you from opening multiple tabs and
often forgetting which tab you originally were on.
The rapid popularity of JavaScript frameworks and technologies such as AJAX clearly
show the desperate need to save those 1 or 2, second-round trips to the server, and provide
the users with a more desktop-like user experience.
About JavaScript MVC frameworks
These JavaScript frameworks aren’t some new revolutionary technology or a new
discovery; they are all still using the same old faithful JavaScript. These JavaScript
frameworks merely provide a layer of abstraction (if I may) or a more Model-View-
Controller-like architecture, so that we can be more productive while building apps and
don’t really have to worry about mundane things.
The credit for the rising popularity of these JavaScript frameworks would go to this surge
of JavaScript-based highly interactive and rich Internet applications that nowadays do so
much more than just displaying data received from a backend server. All of this is possible
thanks to the modern day browser and their JavaScript engines that have become faster
and powerful.
There has nearly been an explosion of these JavaScript MVC frameworks, and every other
day, we see a new framework being launched. While most people consider Backbone.js or
SproutCore to be one of the first JavaScript frameworks, I would say Ext JS by Sencha has
been among the first JavaScript frameworks and one that is still being extensively used in
the corporate world mainly to build finance apps. While Backbone.js and SproutCore were
launched in 2010, Version 2.0 of Ext JS was launched towards the end of 2007.
AngularJS too was launched somewhere in 2010. Around the same time, other JavaScript
frameworks were sprouting up. However, it is probably the fastest growing framework in
terms of user adoption, mainly due to the “wow” factor and also the backing from the big
G.
Each framework has its own pros and cons, and ideally the choice of the framework would
depend on the nature of your project.
Note
http://www.todomvc.com/ is a very nice site to understand and compare the functioning of
these JavaScript frameworks.
AngularJS is currently the most popular JavaScript MVC framework. Some of the reasons
for this would be as follows:
It’s among the simplest to learn
It follows some of the best software-engineering concepts, and is ideal to build large,
scalable apps
It has a robust testing framework to run Unit tests and End-to-End tests, thus making
it easy to write and run automated test cases
It also allows for teams to work in parallel on a single application without stepping
over each other’s work
It has the fastest growing community of adaptors, and the AngularJS Google Groups
and IRC chats are a great place to interact with others
How AngularJS was born
AngularJS started as an internal Google project by Misko Hevery, sometime in 2009. As
the story goes, Misko’s team was working on a project called Google Feedback; even after
six months of development and about 17,000 lines of code, they were still unhappy with
the pace of development and the inability to write automated tests. That’s when Misko
decided to rewrite that. It took him about 3 weeks and he managed to write the whole
thing in just about 1,500 lines of code.
That’s when AngularJS got some serious attention internally at Google, and a team was
put together to help further develop it. Around 2010, Google decided to declare it as open
source under the MIT license.
The idea behind this book
The idea behind writing this book is to showcase the different types of applications that
can be built on AngularJS. Besides explaining AngularJS and how to write modular and
testable code, there is a fair amount of emphasis on making those apps look beautiful. So,
be ready for some CSS stuff and design-related discussions.
I’ve tried to cover a variety of applications ranging from a simple address book, an
HTML5 mobile app, an e-commerce store, a CMS framework, and also ideas on how to
deploy apps on Amazon AWS.
What this book covers
This book is broken down into nine chapters.
Chapter 1, Introduction to AngularJS and the Single Page Application, talks about the
concept of a Single Page App and how they are different from the regular web apps. We’ll
also learn about the basics of AngularJS by building a simple Address Book App.
Chapter 2, Setting Up Your Rig, talks about how having the right set of tools can be a huge
productivity booster. It also makes you feel like a pro when building your AngularJS app.
This chapter will talk about some of the tools such as Node.js, ExpressJS, Grunt, Yeoman,
and Karma.
Chapter 3, Rapid Prototyping with AngularJS, talks about the ease with which one can
create clickable prototypes to get a feel of how an application would look and feel before
working on any backend code.
Chapter 4, Using REST Web Services in Your AngularJS App, will show you how to
consume data from third-party REST web services using factories and the $http service.
Chapter 5, Facebook Friends’ Birthday Reminder App, will explain directives and how we
can create our Facebook login directive. We will also set up some automated tests to
ensure everything is working fine.
Chapter 6, Building an Expense Manager Mobile App, will walk you through the process
of building a responsive and touch-friendly mobile app using ngAnimate and HTML5
features such as localStorage.
Chapter 7, Building a CMS on the MEAN Stack, talks about how to set up an entire
backend and frontend system and how AngularJS interacts with a node server and
MongoDB database. We will also look at session management and interceptors.
Chapter 8, Scalable Architecture for Deployments on AWS, will teach you about AWS and
its various services, and how we can deploy our app in a Server-less Architecture that can
inherently scale.
Chapter 9, Building an E-Commerce Store, will show you how to directly read and write
data from AWS’s DynamoDB database, and upload images to S3 directly from our
JavaScript app.
Appendix, AngularJS Resources. Well, you know what to expect here.
What you need for this book
You obviously don’t need to read the entire book before you can start working on your
first AngularJS project. I’m a firm believer of learning things the practical way, and that’s
why from the very first chapter, you will find yourself firing up your IDE/Text editor, and
writing code and testing it on your browser.
While you will learn a couple of new features of AngularJS in each of the chapters, each
chapter is still self-contained, and you can comfortably jump to any of the chapters that
interest you or that you need to refer to for your project.
However, if you are just starting off with AngularJS, then I strongly recommend that you
read through the first three chapters before you start jumping.
Software versions
The current stable version of AngularJS while writing this book is 1.2, and unless
specified, we will be using the stable version of 1.2.17 for all the examples in this book.
You can get the latest version of AngularJS using any of the following methods:
Download the compiled minified version from http://www.angularjs.org.
Fork or clone the source code from the GitHub URL
https://github.com/angular/angular.js.
The recommended option for both development and production code is to call the
AngularJS file directly from the Google CDN. The link to the AngularJS section on
the CDN is https://developers.google.com/speed/libraries/devguide#angularjs.
Copying the code files
The code examples mentioned in this book can be used in your programs. However, if you
choose to burn them on to CDs for redistribution or are putting up the code examples for
downloads, you are required to get explicit permission from Packt Publishing.
Who this book is for
This book is mainly aimed at professionals, both designers and programmers. Thankfully,
AngularJS is evolving to be a framework where both designers and programmers work
together without discriminating each other as backend developers or frontend designers.
The book obviously assumes that you know your basics in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
You understand the importance and need for writing modular, scalable, testable, and good-
looking applications. You don’t need to have worked with AngularJS or any other
JavaScript framework to understand the topics covered. The book assumes you just met
AngularJS on a blind date.
The book starts off with getting you comfortable with the basic concepts that you come
across very often while working with AngularJS. We’ll write some simple code just to see
how AngularJS works, understanding it better, and then we’ll graduate to writing cleaner
and modular code.
Also, I have a chapter dedicated to setting up your development “rig” with a set of tools
and plugins that will help you boost your productivity while building AngularJS apps.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different
kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their
meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions,
pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: “Now,
angular-bootstrap will be available for use across our application.”

A block of code is set as follows:

<carousel interval="setInterval">
<slide ng-repeat="slide in slides" active="slide.active">
</slide>
</carousel>

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant
lines or items are set in bold:
<body ng-app ng-init=" myName ='John Doe' ">
{{myName}} is {{ 2014-1968}} years old.
<script src=" angular.min.js " type="text/javascript "> </script>
</body>

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

yo angular:route subscribers

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in
menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: “Click on the Download
button and select the following options from the pop-up window:”
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
Reader feedback
Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this
book—what you liked or may have disliked. Reader feedback is important for us to
develop titles that you really get the most out of.
To send us general feedback, simply send an e-mail to <[email protected]>, and
mention the book title via the subject of your message.
If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or
contributing to a book, see our author guide on www.packtpub.com/authors.
Customer support
Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to help
you to get the most from your purchase.
Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files for all Packt books you have purchased from
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the reign of Queen Elizabeth, about fourteen of these vessels, called
doggers, were employed by this town in the North sea and Iceland
fisheries, which paid a considerable sum annually to the Vicar. But
these latter fisheries are now entirely ceased at Lowestoft, and have
been so for many years.
This custom of allowing the vicar half a dole is a very antient one,
but how long it has subsisted at Lowestoft is uncertain. At
Yarmouth, in the year 1484 the half doles of fishing voyages were
granted by the assembly to the use of the haven; but this custom,
called the half-doles, had been before that time paid to the town
even from time immemorial; for the fishermen had always given a
whole dole, namely, half a dole to the use of the church, and the
other half to the use of the town; and because one half part of the
dole was given to sacred purposes, it was called Christ’s dole.
Probably the payment of the half dole by the fishermen at Lowestoft
to the same sacred use, is as antient as that at Yarmouth.
What is meant by a dole is this: from the amount which each boat
raises by the sale of mackarel, during the voyage, a sum is first
deducted for provisions and incidental expenses; the residue is
divided into shares or doles of which the owner of the boat has a
certain number, and the net owner the like for his nets, and the
remainder is distributed among the boatmen according to their
several stations, including the minister’s half dole. Thus, if a boat
raises £100, take for provisions, etc., £25, then the residue, £76, will
be the sum to divide into doles; and if the number of doles for
boats, nets and men, together with the half dole to the Vicar, be
150, then the division will be 10s. per share or dole; and
consequently, in that case, the Vicar will be entitled to 5s. for his half
dole for that boat.
There not being any antient records now remaining, respecting the
origin of this noble and beautiful structure, the church at Lowestoft,
they being all burnt in the year 1606, when the dwelling-house
belonging to Mr. Glesson, vicar of this town, was destroyed by fire,
we are unable to ascertain with certainty the exact time when this
building was erected; and consequently all the investigations in
pursuit of this discovery must be attended with much difficulty and
enveloped in the obscurity of probable conjecture.
It is evident, from what has been already observed at the begining
of this section, respecting the grant of Henry I that there was a
church belonging to this parish in the eleventh century, but how long
it had been erected before that period is now uncertain, probably
soon after Christianity was first introduced into the kingdom of the
East Angles. In those early ages the generality of our English
churches were undoubtedly very ordinary buildings; they were of
Saxon origin, some few were built with stone, but the greater part of
wood only, and consequently were much inferior to the stately
edifices that were erected after the Norman conquest. To determine
therefore, what kind of church it was that they had at Lowestoft at
that early period is now impossible; all that can be advanced on the
point is, that when we consider the barbarous taste which prevailed
in that uncivilised age, the infant as well as the persecuted state of
Christianity, and the violent commotions which at that time agitated
this part of the kingdom, it may be concluded that it was but a mean
building, and bore but a small resemblance to the size and elegence
of the present structure.
But it may be asked, that if the original church at Lowestoft was a
building of that inferior kind as is above represented, by what means
was it that the present large and elegant structure came to be
erected; since it is evident, that the ability of the inhabitants at any
one period was never equal to the accomplishing such an expensive
undertaking?
In answer to the question it may be observed that the church
belonging to the impropriation of this parish, which made part of the
endowment of the priory of St. Bartholomew, by Henry I, was the
old original building, which was then standing, and not the present
structure. The former of these buildings, was of very ancient date,
probably soon after the establishment of Christianity in the Kingdom
of the East Angles; therefore it may reasonable be supposed, that at
the time when the grant of it was made, namely, in the reign of
Henry I, it must be in a very decayed and ruinous state. This grant
of Henry I was confirmed by a charter from Henry III, in the year
1230. When, therefore, the priory of St. Bartholomew was in full
possession of the church and impropriation of this parish, by virtue,
of this charter, they, in consequence of their zeal, or rather religious
frenzy, for erecting churches and founding religious houses, which at
that time so universally prevailed, the old ruinous church at
Lowestoft was entirely taken down, and the present elegant
structure erected in its place, through the munificence of the priory
and pious ostentation of the times.
Tanner, in his Notitia, says “That Henry I gave churches in Suffolk to
the priory of St. Bartholomew, without specifying the names of those
churches; yet it may reasonably inferred that the church at
Lowestoft was one of them; because, when the grant was confirmed
by the charter of Henry III, this church was particularly mentioned.”
It is certain that the present church at Lowestoft was erected prior
to the year 1365, because Weever has given an inscription which he
found in the church, namely,

ROBERT INGLOSSE, Esquyer,

which died in Anno 1365.

Therefore, it is evident, that the old church at Lowestoft was

standing in the year 1230, when the grant of Henry I was confirmed
by the charter of Henry III; and as it is equally evident, from the
above inscription, that the present church was erected before the
year 1365, it makes it clearly manifest that the present building was
erected some time in the interval between the years 1230 and 1365;
and consequently, that the present church of Lowestoft has been
built 500 years.
After the church came into the possession of the priory of St.
Bartholomew, it was found to be so old and mean a building, and in
such a ruinous state, that it was necessary to take it entirely down
and rebuild it, and which was accordingly done in its present noble
and elegant style. The nave, the south aisle, and the chancel were
the first parts that were taken down; but the north aisle was not re-
built till some time after. This is evident, from the difference which
may be observed in the form of the windows belonging to these
aisles; the former being more acute than the latter, which points out
a more ancient construction.
An ingenious writer has said that the very obtusely-pointed arches of
the windows of our churches, shew, at first sight, that they are of no
very great antiquity; for the very sharply-pointed arch, which
succeeded the circular one about the year 1200, expanded itself by
degrees, and grew more and more obtuse till, towards the reign of
Henry VII. it approached the segment of a great circle. This
observation tends to confirm what has been previously advanced,
namely, that the present church at Lowestoft was wholly re-built at
the same time, but that the north aisle was built some time after the
other parts of the building. The walls belonging to the south part of
this beautiful structure are at this time much inclined from the
perpendicular; owing, probably, to the absurd and injurious practice
of open graves, both within and without the building, too near the
foundations a practice which too much prevails in other places.
[The south wall was rebuilt in 1871.]
The present church was erected chiefly through the munificence and
liberality of the priory of St. Bartholomew of London; and, it is also
probable that it was indebted to the same society afterwards for
keeping it in repair, for when all supplies from those resources were
entirely withdrawn, in consequence of the dissolution of the
monasteries, in the reign of Henry VIII., the churches that were
dependent on those foundations soon fell into decay, as the parishes
to which they belonged were unable to support the expense of
repairing them. Sometimes the Lords of the Manors belonging to
parishes whose churches have been rebuilt, have been liberal
benefactors on these occasions, especially about the time when the
re-building of Lowestoft church was undertaken. John de la Pole,
Lord of Wingfield Castle, was one of the principal benefactors, when
that noble tower belonging to the church at Redenhall, in Norfolk
was erected; and as the town of Lowestoft and the island of
Lothingland were part of the estate of the De la Poles, in the reigns
of Henry IV. and V., it might be supposed that this family contributed
also to the rebuilding of Lowestoft Church; but not anything appears
to confirm this supposition. No leopard’s faces (the badge of the De
la Poles) are visible in any part of the building, as they are in many
places in the tower at Redenhall. The building of this tower was
begun about the year 1460, and finished in 1520; but the church at
Lowestoft was not re-built till between the years 1230 and 1395; it is
therefore probable that the De la Poles were not the proprietors of
the town of Lowestoft and the island of Lothingland till after the
rebuilding of Lowestoft church. This was the case at Corton and
Kessingland, near Lowestoft, after the dissolution of Leystone abbey,
and the abbey of the Minorisses, in London; and the church at
Lowestoft would have experienced the same misfortune, after the
suppression of the priory of St. Bartholomew, had not the town at
that time prevented the lands which had been given many years
before, for the sole use of this church, being alienated with the
impropriation of this parish, and the other endowments of the priory,
in the grant which was made to Sir Richard Rich, in the 36th of
Henry VIII.
Probably Corton and Kessingland were not altogether in the same
predicament as Lowestoft. For as the abbeys to which they
belonged were in possession of their impropriations only, their
churches were repaired out of the common revenues of those
abbeys; whereas the priory of St. Bartholomew had not only the
impropriation of Lowestoft, but was also, probably in possession of
the lands which had been given for the sole use of the church; which
lands were recovered again after the dissolution of the monasteries,
for their original purposes. For it appears that the church lands
belonging to this parish were never under the absolute power of the
priory as the impropriation was, although it might have great
influence concerning them; this is evident, by the feoffment of the
said lands in the reign of Henry VII A.D. 1503, which shews that the
right was not in the priory of St. Bartholomew; and consequently,
might be the reason of their being recovered again by the parish
soon after the dissolution.
But notwithstanding the recovery of the church lands, it appears that
the town was much distressed after the dissolution of the
monasteries, in keeping the church in decent repair. For in the year
1592 the church was in such a ruinous state that it cost upwards of
£200 to repair it; out of which sum £68 18s. 8d. was collected of the
inhabitants; £100 were borrowed of Mr. Bartlemewe, of Yarmouth,
and the remainder was raised (including a provision for discharging
the debt) from premiums by granting leases of the town lands under
their full value; the situation of the inhabitants at this time obliging
them to have recourse to these methods for repairing the church. It
also appears that there had been paid by the churchwardens,
towards repairing the church, of hayning-money collected in the
roads, the sum of £63 18s. 3d. when the lands were unable to
discharge the expenses of the repairs and other necessary expenses
of the town, exclusive of money collected of the inhabitants. The
church has also cost the parish several considerable sums since that
time for repairs; so that, had not the town been assisted in repairing
this building by the rents and profits of the church lands, that
venerable pile had many years since fallen into decay, and
mouldered into irreparable ruin.
The ruinous state of the church at this time arose, probably, from
the profits of the lands given for keeping it in repair, being applied to
other purposes. From the decree of the Court of Chancery, in 1616,
respecting the town lands, it appears, that that decree was
grounded on a complaint of the inhabitants that the rents and profits
of those lands had been alienated to purposes not intended by the
donors. That the lands called French’s, given for the use of the poor
of this town were worth £20 a year, but that the poor received little
more than 13d. a week from them. That the lands given for the use
of the church were worth £40 a year, but that £10 a year only had
been applied to that purpose; and that the overplus of all these
lands had been expended in law-suits and divers other business of
the town; contrary to the designs of the donors. It was also further
complained, that the churchwardens had let the said lands at rents
considerably below their value, in order to obtain fines and incomes,
which amounted to £210 and upwards. And as the burthen of
repairing the church, in consequence of these alienations, fell, in
great measure, upon the inhabitants it occasioned an application to
the Court of Chancery for redress. Nevertheless, if the distressed
condition of the town at this time is considered, as being obliged to
raise £120 in 1591, to defend their rights to Annott’s school; to raise
£120 in 1597, to defend their rights against Yarmouth, respecting
the herring fishery; to raise £200 in 1592 lo repair the church; also
£114 in 1616 to discharge the expenses of the above suit in
chancery; may easily account for some measures having been
pursued which were not altogether justifiable, but were adopted
through absolute necessity.
That part of the town lands which was given for the use of the
church, and is chiefly appropriated towards keeping it in repair, and
furnishing it with decent ornaments, is the gift of some charitable
and religious persons, whose names, at this distant period, are
wholly unknown; but, whoever they were, they are justly entitled to
the grateful acknowledgments of the parish, as having been the
means of preserving it from a burthen which at all times would have
been inconvenient.
Under the general denomination of town lands belonging to this
parish, are included, not only those above-mentioned, consisting of
sixty-seven acres of land, divers tenants, a wind mill, and dole lands,
and which were given for the use of the church, but also those that
were given for the benefit of the poor. Concerning the lands given
to the church, the donor is not only unknown at the present time,
but was also unknown in the year 1552, the sixth of Edward VI,
when one, John Jetter, the only surviving feoffee, made a new
feoffment of the premises, dated 20th June; and who therein said
“That he together with divers persons deceased, had them by the
feoffment of Nicholas Hughson and William Fly, bearing date 10th
November, 1503, 19 Henry VII.”
On the 12th June, 1644, when Francis Jessope, under a commission
from the Earl of Manchester, pillaged this church of almost all the
brass inscriptions, he took up, in the middle isle, twelve pieces
belonging to twelve several generations of the Jetters. Margaret
Jetter, 1573, widow, laid in the churchyard. The mother, probably, of
Anthony Jetter, of Lowestoft, merchant, who was living in the 8th of
Queen Elizabeth.
The feoffees named in the feoffment, dated October 14, 1678, are:
John Arrow, vicar; Aldous Arnold, gent.; Samuel Barker, merchant;
Samuel Barker, jun., Hewlin Luson, jun., Dan. Ketteridge, merchant;
John Peache, merchant; William Bell Parker, clerk; John Jex, gent.;
William Slop, draper; Robert Reeve, gent.; Samuel Collett, draper;
Henry Roman, baker; James Harman, merchant; James Brame,
baker; William Pashley, merchant; Thomas Brame, gent.; Aldous
Arnold, surgeon; Obed Aldred, bricklayer; John Stannard, rope
maker; Thomas Smith, beer brewer; Coe Arnold, beer brewer; Philip
Walker, gent.; John Howard, grocer.
The other part of the town lands given for the use of the poor, called
French’s, consisting of twenty-one acres and a half, were purchased
with sixty pounds left by William French, by will, dated April 14,
1529, to buy free lands for the use of the poor; the profits of which
lands were to be distributed in the following manner: to thirteen
poor people of the town of Lowestoft, thirteenpence every Sunday,
after divine service; and three shillings and fourpence to the
churchwardens, yearly, for their trouble. About the beginning of the
last century, in consequence of the great misapplication of the rents
and profits arising from these lands, and also those given to the
church, the inhabitants applied to the Court of Chancery, requesting
that a commission might be appointed for making enquiry into the
abuses, and to redress the same. A commission was accordingly
granted, and an inquisition was held at Lowestoft, and in the year
1616 a decree was issued from that court (which cost the town £114
10s.) wherein it was ordered.
I. That the town lands belonging to Lowestoft should be let by the
year, or by leases not exceeding seven years, by the feoffees (the
churchwardens for the time being, being two) and six other
inhabitants.
II. No new leases to be made before the old ones are expired.
III. The Rents to be received by the Churchwardens, and to be
disposed of as follows:
1st. That twenty pounds be laid out annually in repairing and
ornamenting the church.
2nd. To thirteen poor people of the town of Lowestoft, thirteen
pence every Sunday, and three shillings and four pence, yearly, to
the churchwardens, for their trouble.
3rd. Twenty pounds a year to the poor, including the above.
4th. Ten pounds a year to put out poor children apprentice, and a
stock, to set poor people to work; and the remainder of the rents to
be disposed of as the churchwarden, and twelve other inhabitants
shall think proper, for the public good of the town.
5th. That in all the leases there shall be a reservation of the timber
and wood; and that no wood or timber growing upon the premises
shall be felled or taken, but for the reparations of the church and the
houses standing on the said premises. And all underwood, when
felled, shall be sold for the benefit of the poor and reparations of the
church, by the churchwardens.
The decree in Chancery declares that this is the true intent and
meaning of the donors, and therefore ordered that it should be
fulfilled in the most ample and liberal manner. The Churchwardens
are required on every Monday in Whitsun week to pass a true
account to the new churchwardens, feoffees, and townsmen under
pain of five pounds.
In 1738 the town lands belonging to the parish were let for between
£90 and £100 per annum.
In 1644 they were let for the term of seven years, at the rent of £64
only. The rents of lands about this time were much reduced in
general, probably from the violent commotions of that unhappy
period.
In 1651 they were let for £71 1s. per annum.
In 1734 they were let for £90 per annum.
In 1756 they were let for £93 per annum.
In 1776 they were let for the annual rent of £163 4s. 6d., agriculture
being so much improved of late years as to render farming very
advantageous. The farming business was in such a flourishing state
about this time, that the vicar of Lowestoft, in the year 1776,
compounded with his parishioners, for his tithes at 3s. 6d in the
pound, according to what the farms were let for; but in 1777 the
said composition was 4s. in the pound.
In 1683 the lands realised £138 6s. 6d. per annum.
There is no Church rate in the parish of Lowestoft, the profits arising
from the lands belonging to the church being amply sufficient for
keeping it in repair. Whether the rents of these lands have always
been applied to the uses intended by the donors, is now uncertain,
but thus far may justly be observed, that through the great care and
assiduity of the vicar, the Rev. Arrow, in appropriating to the use of
the Church such part of the town lands as it is justly entitled to, and
preventing their being alienated to purposes for which they were
never intended by their generous benefactors, this stately edifice is
not only kept in proper repair, but rendered truly elegant; so as to
become an honour to religion, a credit to the parish, and the
admiration of every stranger.
The town lands contain not only the sixty-seven acres given for the
repair and ornaments of the church, and the twenty-eight acres and
a half, called French’s, given for the use of the poor, in the whole
ninety-five acres and a half, which lands are particularly and
separately described in the decree of Chancery of the year 1616; [127]
but also the other smaller donations of lands in Lowestoft, making
the whole amount one hundred and four acres, exclusive of the
estate at Worlingham, in Suffolk, given by Mr. John Wilde, of
Lowestoft for establishing an English Grammar school in the parish,
and the lands at Whitacre Burgh, the donation of Mr. Thomas
Annott, of Lowestoft, for a grammar school at Lowestoft. The above
one hundred and four acres of land are put up to auction every
seven years, in the presence of the minister and churchwardens, to
be let on leases for the said term of seven years. The overplus of
Mr. Wilde’s estate, at Worlingham, after founding and supporting the
school, and fulfilling other directions mentioned in the will, he gave
for such charitable purposes as the minister and churchwardens
should think proper. This is further explained by a decree in
Chancery in 1754, which says, “that the minister and churchwardens
shall have the liberty to apply the overplus in such manner as they
should think fit, for the relief of such persons as have large families,
and such aged, sick, lame and impotent persons that belong to the
said town, and who do not receive any relief from the parish; or to
and amongst the testator’s poor relations, at the discretion of the
trustees.” It is also further enjoined by the said decree, that as
Lowestoft is a fishing town, the preference shall be given to those
children whose fathers go fishing voyages, or any other employment
about the fishery belonging to that town, as an encouragement to
the said fishery. But if there be not forty boys so qualified, then any
other boys belonging to the town, so as to make up that number.
The tower belonging to this church is neither large nor lofty, its
height is only 120 feet, including a leaden spire of the height of 50
feet, and it is obvious to the most common observer, that both its
height and size bear but little proportion to the building to which it is
annexed; neither is there much resemblance between them either
with respect to composition or workmanship, for in both these points
the church is far superior to the steeple. These circumstances
plainly denote that the tower belonged originally to the old church,
and strongly indicate that the latter was a building much inferior to
the present structure. Some remains of the old steeple are still
visible, and are indubitable proofs of its original meanness; and also
prove that when the old church was re-built by the priory of St.
Bartholomew, the greater part of the tower was suffered to remain,
after being strengthened and enlarged by buttresses, and
ornamented with a spire, in order to give it a more modern
appearance, and bring it to a nearer resemblance with the external
appearance of the edifice. At this present time and for many years
past, the steeple contains only one bell; but it is evident, from the
appearances which still remain, that formerly it contained three.
The reason generally assigned why the number was reduced, is, that
the steeple was not strong enough to bear them. The weight of this
bell is 17 cwt. 2 qr. 17 lbs., and has the following inscription thereon:

I tell all that do me see,

Newman, of Norwich, new cast me.

The expenses paid to Mr. Newman, for new casting this bell,
including the brasses, amounted to £19 12s. 7d.
The church is dedicated to St. Margaret. It may be here stated that
St. Margaret was born at Antioch, and was the daughter of a
heathen priest. Olybius, president of the East, under the Romans,
intended to have married her; but finding she was a christian,
deferred it till he could persuade her to renounce her religion: but
not being able to accomplish his designs, he first put her to cruel
torments and then beheaded her. She suffered in the year 278.
The patron is the Bishop of Norwich; it is valued in the King’s books
at £10 1s., and by Queen Anne at £43 16s. 6d., and is thereby
discharged from paying first-fruits and tenths. By the King’s books is
meant the valuation of all the livings in England, taken in the reign
of Henry VIII. In the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, all
livings that were under £10 in the King’s books were discharged
from paying the first fruits. And in Queen Anne’s reign, when a
second valuation was made, all livings under the value of £50 per
annum were discharged from paying first fruits and tenths, and were
also entitled to Her Majesty’s bounty. Before the dissolution of the
monasteries the annual value of the vicarage of Lowestoft appears
to have been £44 4s. 5½d.
The principal entrance to the church is by a stately porch on the
south side. In a nich on the outside, was formerly placed, as usual,
the image of the saint to whom the church is dedicated. There is
also a nich on each side of the former one, wherein other saints
were also placed. On the ceiling of this porch is a representation of
the Trinity, drawn in the same usual, but profane manner as,
Blomefield says, it was on the rood-loft in Norwich Cathedral,
namely, the Almighty Father represented by a weak old man, the
Redeemer on the cross between his knees, and the Eternal Spirit by
a dove on his breast. There are also Ancient shields, representing
the crucifixion. On one of them is the cross, with the reed and spear
saltyr wise; also the scourge, the nails, and on the top the scroll for
the superscription. On the other, only the cross. Over this porch
there is a chamber, called the Maids’ Chamber. There is a tradition
that it took its name from two maiden sisters, Elizabeth and
Katherine, who, before the reformation, resided in this chamber;
and, by withdrawing themselves from the world, retired to the more
tranquil pursuits of a recluse life. It is reported of these sisters, that
they caused two wells between the church and the town, called
Basket Wells, to be digged at their own expense for the benefit of
the town.
The church is situated about half a mile to the west of High street;
and the reason of its being erected at so great a distance from the
inhabited part of the parish, is the danger it would be exposed to
from the sea by a nearer situation; it is probable, that at the time
the church was built, the sea approached much nearer to the bottom
of the cliff than it does at present. The church is about 43 feet in
height, 57 feet in breadth, and, including the chancel and steeple,
182 feet in length. It consists of a nave and two side isles, which
are separated from each other by two rows of tall, handsome
pillars. The building appears to be a perfect model of the churches
of the more early ages of Christianity, which were divided into two
principal parts, namely, the nave, or body of the church, and the
sacrarium, or according to the more modern appellation, the
chancel. The former part being common to the people, as the latter
was appropriated to the priests and other “sacred” persons. This
separation continued in the English churches till the reformation,
when Bucer, at the instigation of Calvin, objected to this division, as
making too great a difference between the clergy and the people in
the celebration of divine service. In consequence of this objection of
Bucer’s, reading desks were erected in the nave of the church, for
the people’s instruction. But though the whole of the service was
originally performed in the chancel, yet there were always pulpits in
the nave of the church, from whence, on Sundays and holidays, the
ministers instructed the people by a sermon; and at the bottom of
the south-west side of the middle pillar, on the north side of the
nave of the church was a stone pedestal, which, before the
reformation, supported the bottom part of one of those pulpits. As
all the service was performed in the chancel, so the people, during
the celebration thereof, remained in the nave, and were not
admitted into the former place only at the administration of the
sacrament.
The side isles of those antient churches did not terminate where the
chancel began, neither did they extend to the end of it, but
extended only about halfway of the chancel; and that end of the
north isle which reached beyond the nave was named the prothesis,
or side table. [129]
In all the particulars mentioned, the church at Lowestoft bears a
perfect resemblance to the antient churches; the side aisles
extending exactly half way of the chancel; the end of the north isle
next the chancel is made use of as a vestry; and there is the same
space at the east end of the south aisle, which was used formerly for
the prothesis. Before the Reformation the chancels were separated
from the nave or body of the churches by screens or partitions.
These screens are still remaining in some of our English churches; in
Lowestoft church part of it was standing about the year 1710. The
doors belonging to these screens (or holy gates as they were called
in the primitive times) were always kept shut against the laity,
except at the celebration of the sacrament.
There was also a rood loft in this church in the times of Popery. A
few years since some bricks falling down from one of the buttresses
on the south side of the church, near the chancel, discovered the
stairs by which they ascended to the loft. The same has also been
discovered on the north side of the church. The rood was the
representation of our Saviour on the Cross, with the Virgin Mary on
one side and St. John on the other; and was placed on the top of
the wooden screen which formerly divided the church from the
chancel. This screen, from the use above mentioned, was often
called the rood-loft, a small bell, which was rung, probably, at some
particular parts of divine service (as at the consecration or elevation
of the host, from whence it is called the sacring, or consecrating
bell), to rouse the attention of the congregation, some of whom,
who sat at the south-east and north-east corners of the church,
could not well see what was transacting at the high altar. This bell is
different from that called the Saints’ Bell, which was hung on the
outside of the church, and gave notice to those abroad when the
more solemn acts of religion were performing. A small piece of
stone work on the outside of the east end of the church, with a
small perforation or arch in the middle, for the bell to swing in, is still
standing on several of our churches.
The chancel belonging to this church is very neat and elegant. The
Rev. Tanner, while vicar of the parish, opened the subscription for
purchasing the impropriation, and declared that if he succeeded in
his undertaking, he would expend a considerable sum in repairing
and beautifying the chancel. Mr. Tanner was successful, and he
strictly adhered to his promise; for he thoroughly repaired the roof,
raised five free-stone steps the whole breadth of the building,
leading to the communion table, wainscotted the east end entirely,
as well as part of the north and south sides, and also erected the
seats at the west end, and made such alterations as rendered the
chancel both commodious and handsome, expending in the whole
upwards of £300.
The succeeding vicar, Rev. Arrow, continued the plan of his worthy
predecessor in repairing and ornamenting the chancel. He erected a
new altarpiece, enclosed the communion table with handsome iron
work, opened the lower part of the east window (which before was
filled up with brick work), and glazed the same, which caused this
window to produce a very beautiful effect when viewed from the
body of the church; and from these and other alterations, he
rendered the chancel truly elegant. The number of communicants at
Lowestoft church on Easter day, 1789, was 122.
There was a custom amongst the primitive Christians (during the
violent persecutions which raged in those early ages of Christianity)
of having churches underground, in order to avoid the dreadful
cruelties which a more open profession of their religion would have
exposed them to. In imitation of this antient practice the more
modern Christians have also had their subterranean places of
worship, which were situated under the choirs or chancels belonging
to their respective churches, and where they also deposited the
bones of deceased persons, which places where called the under-
croft, and from the latter use of them charnel-chapels. There seems
to have been one of these charnel-chapels formerly under the
chancel belonging to this church. The design of them was for a
priest to officiate therein, and to pray for the souls of all those
persons whose bones were deposited in that place; but after the
reformation they ceased being used for any sacred purpose, and
were made use of afterwards only as repositories for the bones that
were casually dug up in the church or churchyard.
The font in the church is very antient. It is ascended by three stone
steps, and on the upper step is an old inscription, almost
unintelligible through corrosion. The font is surrounded by two rows
of saints, each row consisting of twelve figures; but they were so
much injured by Francis Jessope, when he visited the church in
1644, under a commission from the earl of Manchester, as to be
almost totally defaced.
On the 12th of June, 1644, Francis Jessope, of Beccles, under a
commission from the Earl of Manchester, visited this church, and
took away all the brass plates from the grave stones having the
inscription “Orate pro Anima, etc.” and others of the like nature,
except the following: “Pray for the soul of Lady Margaret Parker, who
died the First day of March, Ao. Dni. 1507. On whose soul may God
be propitious.” He also disrobed the stones of many brass effigies.
All the brass was sold to Mr. John Wilde, of Lowestoft for five
shillings; although the quantity was sufficient to be run into a bell,
which was used for a chapel. On the bell is the inscription “John
Brand made me, 1644.” The stone work of the font is covered with
a handsome piece of carved work erected in the year 1734 by John
Postle and Edmund Gillingwater, churchwardens.
About the year 1740, the pews in the church being very old,
irregular, and much decayed, the Rev. Tanner, the vicar of the parish,
in order to recover it from this disgraceful state, and to ornament it
with that decent arrangement of seats, so becoming a place
dedicated to public worship, and so generally to be met with in other
churches, first set the example of new-pewing the church by
erecting (in 1746) six neat wainscot seats in the body of the church,
in memory of his wife. On these seats was the following inscription:
“In memory of Mary, the wife of John Tanner, and daughter of
Robert and Mary Knight, 1746. Not unto us, O Lord; not unto us,
but unto thy name be the praise. John Tanner, vicar, desires this to
be considered as a monument and pledge of love.” In 1747 he
added eight more, in grateful acknowledgment of some great mercy
he had received from the Almighty. On these seats the inscriptions
are “What shall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits towards
me. J. T., 1747”; the other is “In memory of Grace Symonds, sister
of John Tanner, vicar, 1759.” It is supposed he thus shewed his
thankfulness, for having been enabled to complete and publish the
great work of learning and antiquity the “Notitia Monastica,” which
his brother, the Bishop of St. Asaph, left unfinished. The town being
stimulated by so pious and useful an example, undertook within a
few years after, to complete what Mr. Tanner had so laudably began;
for in the year 1770 the whole design of new-pewing the church was
completed; and by the addition of a very elegant desk and pulpit, is
become one of the neatest and best pewed churches in the county.
In the year 1778 a resolution was formed by the minister and
churchwardens to erect an organ in the church, and in pursuance
thereof, a large gallery was built that year, at the west end of the
middle isle, for the purpose of an organ loft; and in 1780 a large
chamber organ, which formerly belonged to the late Dr. North, of
Shanfield, near Saxmundham, was purchased at the price of eighty
pounds, and erected in Lowestoft Church, and is the first instrument
of the kind ever placed there.
There was a large brass eagle in the church. It formerly stood at
the west end of the middle isle, but was removed into an obscure
corner. The original use of the eagle, so general, formerly, in most
of the churches, was for the purpose of being used as a litany desk;
which part of the Church service, after the Reformation, was read or
sung, at a different time of the day, from that where morning
prayers were read. Also, possibly, the great English Bible, which, in
1538, Thomas Cromwell, Lord Privy Seal, ordered to be placed open
in each parish church, for everyone to have recourse to, was laid
upon these eagles. The ardour with which men flocked to read this
bible is almost incredible. They who could, purchased a Bible, and
they who could not, crowded to read it, or to hear it read, in
churches; where it was common to see little assemblies of
mechanics meeting together for that purpose, after the labours of
the day. Many even learned to read in their old age, that they might
have the pleasure of instructing themselves from the Scriptures.
In many parts of the Church are stones with matrices, or moulds,
wherein plates of brass had formerly been laid; but all are now
disrobed, together with the inscriptions, during the ravages under
the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell.
The churchyard belonging to the parish, was nearly square, but not
so before the year 1769, for at the south-west corner there was a
small piece of glebe land, about a quarter of an acre, which
projected into it. The parish had formerly made application to the
late Vicar, Mr. Tanner, to exchange it for a piece of equal value; but
the answer he always returned was, that he had no right to make
any alteration in the property of the church. However, in the year
1769, the parish made an amicable agreement for it with the Rev.
Arrow, and it was enclosed with a wall and laid into the churchyard,
which made it of a regular form, but the piece of ground was never
consecrated. On the death of the Rev. Arrow, the Vicar, in June,
1789, the dwelling-house, of which he was the proprietor, was
purchased of his executors, for £550, under the powers of an Act of
Parliament, passed some years since, for the better securing the
residence of the clergy. But as the Act did not authorise an
incumbent to raise more than two years value upon his benefice,
and that sum amounting only to £430, the deficiency was made up
in the following manner: Dr. Bagot, the Bishop of the Diocese, £20,
and the parish of Lowestoft £100; and accordingly the house is now
settled upon the Vicars of Lowestoft for ever.
In the churchyard formerly stood a cross, some remaining fragments
of the stone work which supported it were visible a few years since.
On the north side of the church is a tomb belonging to the family of
the Barkers; in which are interred the remains of John Barker, Esq., a
native and benefactor to the town; who died at his house in Mansel
street, London, the 1st November 1787, aged eighty years. He was
one of the elder brethren of the Trinity House, a govenor of the
London Assurance, vice-president of the Magdalen house, and one
of the directors of Greenwich Hospital. His body arrived at Lowestoft
on the 8th of November; and after laying in state at the Queen’s
Head Inn till the next day, it was conveyed with great funeral pomp
to the burial place of the family; where an elegant mausoleum has
been erected, he having left by will £500 for that purpose, and also
charged £1000 Bank stock, with the payment of £30 per annum for
keeping the same in repair for ever; and what was not wanted of the
said £30 for that use, is to be given to the poor of Lowestoft, in
bread, at the church every Sunday after divine service. He also gave
£200 to the poor of Lowestoft, to be given in coals, etc., immediately
after his decease, which was done.
John Barker in his Will says:
I direct that my body be buried in the yard of the parish church
of Lowestoft, in the County of Suffolk, in the vault wherin my
late wife Elizabeth lies interred; and it is my desire that my
executors hereafter named do cause a handsome tomb and
monument to be erected over the said vault to our memory; but
not to lay out a greater sum than £500 in erecting the same.
And it is my intent, that the said vault, tomb, and monument be
kept, in every respect, in perfect repair, pursuant to the
provision hereafter by me made for that purpose.
I give and bequeath the sum of One thousand pounds, three
per cent. consolidated Bank annuities, unto the Accountant
General, for the time being, of the High Court of Chancery; but
to, for, and upon the uses, trusts, intents, and purposes
following, that is to say, Upon Trust to permit and suffer the
minister and churchwardens of the aforesaid parish of
Lowestoft, for the time being for ever, (subject to the control
and direction of the said Court of Chancery, in case if any
misapplication of the said trusts, Bank annuities, contrary to the
true intent and meaning of this my will), to receive and take the
interests, dividends, and proceeds of the said one thousand
pounds Bank annuities, to and for the following uses (to wit): In
the first place thereout to keep, maintain, and support the said
vault, tomb and monument herein before by me directed to be
erected in Lowestoft churchyard, as aforesaid, not only neat,
clean and decent, but in all respects in perfect repair. And in
the next place, as to what overplus shall remain of such
interest, dividends and proceeds, after keeping the said vault,
tomb, and monument in perfect repair, I do empower the said
minister and churchwardens, for the time being, to lay out such
overplus in the purchase of bread, and to distribute the same,
after divine service be finished on a Sunday, to and among such
persons in low and indigent-circumstances, of the said parish of
Lowestoft, as they shall think fit objects of this charity. But it is
my will and meaning, that my nephews, the aforesaid William
Bell Barker and Samuel Barker, and after the death of the
 survivor of them, the persons for the time being for ever, who
shall be heirs at law to my said nephews, William Bell Barker
and Samuel Barker, shall, from time to time, have and enjoy the
privilege of nominating to the minister and churchwardens
aforesaid, twelve of such poor persons to receive the benefit of
the said charity; and to which twelve poor persons to be
nominated as aforesaid, the preference shall be always given, of
having the said bread first delivered to them, anything herein
before contained to the contrary thereof, in any wise
notwithstanding. And it is my will, that all such expenses as at
any time may attend the execution of the said trust, shall be
first deducted out of the interest, dividends, and proceeds
arising from the said one thousand pounds trust Bank
annuities. And it is my further will, that if the aforesaid stock,
commonly called three per cent. consolidated Bank annuities,
shall at any time be paid off; then, and in such case, the
produce of the said one thousand pounds stock shall be re-
invested in the name of the Accountant General for the time
being, on other Government security, to, for, and upon the like
uses, trusts, intents, and purposes hereintofore expressed of
and concerning the same.

Mr. John Wilde, of Lowestoft, having, by will, dated the 22nd of July,
1735, given several estates to this town, after the decease of
Elizabeth Smithson, for the purpose of a school for the education of
children belonging to this parish; and the said Elizabeth Smithson
(afterwards Perryson) having departed this life the 3rd of December,
1781, the minister and churchwardens, in pursuance of the trust
reposed in them by the said will, on the 21st of March, 1788, began
to erect a building, for the purpose of a schoolroom, according to
the directions of the said will; which building is thirty-six feet in
length and twenty-five feet in breadth, and is situated at the bottom
of the hill, on the east side of the Stone House which he gave to the
parish by the said will; which house stands on the east side of High
street, a little to the north of Rant’s score. Under the first stone of
this building are deposited several silver and copper coins of his
Majesty.
Subjoined is an extract of the Last Will and Testament of JOHN
WILDE, of Lowestoft, gentleman, (who died in April, 1738,) bearing
date the 22nd of July, 1735:

Also I give and devise unto the town of Lowestoft, for ever, all
that my dwelling-house, fish-houses, yards, gardens, and
appurtenances whatsoever to the same belonging, in the
occupation of the Rev. Shewell. Also I give and devise to the
said town of Lowestoft, for ever that all my meadow, in
Lowestoft aforesaid, now in the occupation of John Pope. Also I
give and devise unto the said town of Lowestoft, for ever, all
that my house commonly called Rotterdam, with the yards,
gardens, and appurtenances whatever to the same belonging,
now in the occupation of James Pottle. Also I give unto the said
town of Lowestoft, for ever, all my dole-lands in Lowestoft,
together with all my lands, tenements, and hereditaments (if
any there be not before by me given and bequeathed in this my
will) whatsoever, which I have, at the time of my decease, in
the town of Lowestoft aforesaid. Also I give and devise unto
the said town of Lowestoft, for ever, the reversion (whenever it
shall happen, after the death of the said Elizabeth Smithson) of
all my messuages, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and
premises, situate, lying, and being in Worlingham aforesaid,
now in the tenure or occupation of Nicholas Matcheston, or his
assigns, under-tenant, or under-tenants; all which premises,
before by me given to the said town of Lowestoft, I give to the
uses, intents, and purposes hereafter in this my last will more
particularly declared, limited, and appointed. And I do
nominate the minister and churchwardens, for the time being,
for ever, hereafter to be trustees of all these my bequests to the
said town of Lowestoft, strictly charging and commanding them
religiously and conscientiously to discharge their trust, hereby
by me given to them as they will answer it to Almighty God
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