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Chapter 3

The document explains two-dimensional arrays in C, including their declaration and initialization with examples. It also discusses the concept of arrays with pointers, detailing how to access array elements using pointers. Additionally, it covers string functions such as strlen() and strcmp(), providing examples for each function's usage.

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6 views6 pages

Chapter 3

The document explains two-dimensional arrays in C, including their declaration and initialization with examples. It also discusses the concept of arrays with pointers, detailing how to access array elements using pointers. Additionally, it covers string functions such as strlen() and strcmp(), providing examples for each function's usage.

Uploaded by

prajwalgajare523
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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D) EXPLAIN THE TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY.

ALSO EXPLAIN HOW


TO DECLARE AND INITIALIZE TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY WITH
EXAMPLE.
DECLARATION:
TYPE ARRAY NAME [ROW_SIZE][COLUMN_SIZE];

#INCLUDE < STD O.H> MAIN()

{
INT A[3][2];
INT I,J;
FOR(I = 0;I<3;I++){
FOR(J=0;J<2 ;J++) {
A[I][J]=2;
}
}

FOR(I = 0;I<3;I++){
FOR(J=0;J<2;J++) {
PRINTF("VALUE IN ARRAY %D\N",A[I][J]);
}
}

FOR(I = 0;I<3;I++){
FOR(J=0;J<2;J++){
PRINTF("VALUE IN ARRAY %D AND ADDRESS IS %8U\N", A[I
][J],&A[I][J]);
}--
}
}

THE C LANGUAGE ALLOWS MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS. AN


EXAMPLE IS THE REPRESENTATION OF A MATRIX: ONE CAN
DEFINE A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY TO REPRESENT ANY MATRIX
IN C. CONSIDER A MATRIX OF N X N, EACH ENTRY OF WHICH IS A
FLOATING NUMBER. IT CAN BE REPRESENTED AS

FLOAT M[N] [N];

AN ELEMENT OF THIS MATRIX M, SAY MI, J , WILL BE ACCESSED AS

M [I-1] [J-1]

NOTE THAT INDICES ARE ONE SMALLER THAN WHAT WE


TYPICALLY USE IN MATHEMATICS SINCE AN ARRAY INDEX STARTS
FROM 0 IN C LANGUAGE.

MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS ARE NOT LIMITED TO 2-


DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS. C ALLOWS MATRICES OF ARBITRARY
DIMENSIONS. FOR INSTANCE, ONE CAN DEFINE A 4-DIMENSIONAL
INTEGER ARRAY AS FOLLOWS:

INT K [N] [M] [K] [L]

THE ARRAYS WITH HIGHER DIMENSIONS COME HANDY WHEN YOU


NEED TO DO TENSOR CALCULATIONS,

Q.4
A) WRITE A PROGRAM TO ENTER BASIC SALARY. CALCULATE
GROSS SALARY WITH 5% DA AND 15% TA ON BASIC SALARY.
DISPLAY CALCULATED GROSS SALARY.
#INCLUDE<STDIO.H>
#INCLUDE<CONIO.H>
VOID MAIN()
{
FLOAT BS,GS,TA,DA;
CLRSCR();
PRINTF("\N ENTER BASIC SALARY");
SCANF("%F",&BS);
TA=0.15*BS;
DA=0.05*BS;
GS=BS+TA+DA;
PRINTF("\N GROSS SALARY IS :%F",GS);
GETCH();
}
/* OUTPUT
ENTER BASIC SALARY8500
GROSS SALARY IS :10200.000000
*/

B) EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF ARRAY WITH POINTER.


WHEN AN ARRAY IS DECLARED THE COMPILER ALLOCATES A
BASE ADDRESS AND SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF STORAGE TO
CONTAIN ALL THE ELEMENTS OF THE ARRAY IN CONTIGUOUS
MEMORY LOCATIONS.
SUPPOSE WE DECLARE AN ARRAY X AS FOLLOWS:

INT X[5]={5,6,7,8,9};
SUPPOSE THE BASE ADDRESS OF X IA 1000.
ELEMENTS X[0] X[1] X[2] X[3] X[4]
VALUE 5 6 7 8 9
BASE 10001002100410061008
ADDRESS
THE NAME X IS DEFINED AS CONSTANT POINTER POINTING TO
THE FIRST ELEMENTS X[0] AND THEREFORE THE VALUE OF X IS
1000 , THE LOCATION WHERE THE X[0] IS STORED I.E
X=&X[0]=1000.
IF WE DECLARE P AS AN INTEGER POINTER, THEN WE CAN MAKE
THE POINTER P TO POINT TO THE ARRAY X BY THE FOLLOWING
ASSIGNMENT.
P=X;
NOW, WE CAN ACCESS EVERY VALUE OF X USING P++ TO MOVE
FROM ONE ELEMENT TO ANOTHER. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
P AND X IS SHOWN AS:
P=&X[0](=1000)
P+1=&X[1](=1002)
P+2=&X[2](=1004)
P+3=&X[3](=1006)
P+4=&X[4](=1008)

C) EXPLAIN STRLEN() AND STRCMP() STRING FUNCTION WITH


EXAMPLE.
1. STRLEN(): THIS FUNCTION COUNTS AND RETURNS THE
NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN A STRING. IT TAKES THE FORM:
N = STRLEN(STRING);
WHERE N IS A INTEGER VARIABLE, WHICH RECEIVES THE
VALUE OF THE LENGTH OF THE STRING.
#INCLUDE<STDIO.H>
#INCLUDE<CONIO.H>
#INCLUDE<STRING.H>
VOID MAIN()
{
CHAR ARR[]="RUPALI";
INT LEN1,LEN2;
CLRSCR();
LEN1=STRLEN(ARR);
LEN2=STRLEN("HELLO");
PRINTF("\N STRING = %S LENGTH = %D",ARR,LEN1);
PRINTF("\N STRING = %S LENGTH = %D","HELLO",LEN2);
GETCH();
}
/* OUTPUT

STRING = RUPALI LENGTH = 6


STRING = HELLO LENGTH = 5
*/
2. STRCMP(): THE STRCMP FUNCTION COMPARES TWO STRING
TO FIND OUT WHETHER THEY ARE SAME OR DIFFERENT. IT
TAKES THE FORM:
STRCMP(STRING1,STRING2);
#INCLUDE<STDIO.H>
#INCLUDE<CONIO.H>
#INCLUDE<STRING.H>
VOID MAIN()
{
CHAR STRING1[]="JERRY";
CHAR STRING2[]="FERRY";
INT I,J,K;
CLRSCR();
I=STRCMP(STRING1,"JERRY");
J=STRCMP(STRING1,STRING2);
PRINTF("\N %D%D",I,J);
GETCH();
}
/* OUTPUT
036
*/

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