‫سرفصل آموزشی‬

‫پک حرفه‌ای متخصص امنیت‬

‫فهرست سرفصل‌های دوره‌های آموزشی‬

‫‪Zabbix ....................................................................................................... 2‬‬

‫‪Prometheus ............................................................................................... 16‬‬

‫‪Python ...................................................................................................... 22‬‬

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 ‫سرفصل‌های دوره آموزشی‬

Zabbix
Zabbix Introduction

Monitoring Concept

• What is Monitoring?
• Monitoring Types
• Monitoring Best Practices
• Define a sample Telecom service flow

Introduction to Zabbix

• What is Zabbix?
• Zabbix functionality
• Usage of ZABBIX in DevOps and ITIL
• Architectures

Introduction to Zabbix components

• Zabbix Server

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 • Zabbix Proxy
• Zabbix Agent
• Zabbix Web Frontend

Methods of Zabbix Deployments

• Stand Alone
• Distributed
• Multi Branch

Metric collection Methods

• Agent Based
• Agent Less

Problem Detection

• Trigger and Threshold Definition

• Forecasting
• Notifications and Escalation

Installation

Component to install

• Zabbix Server: Version 7.0 LTS

• Database: MariaDB 11

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 • Zabbix Front End: Apache web server & PHP 8
Installation Methods

• Install using pre-compiled packages

• Install Zabbix Server using Docker images
• Compile Zabbix Server from source

OS Preparation (Rocky Linux 9 - Minimal)

• Install necessary initial packages

• Network settings
• Time settings
• Install Zabbix Agent

Security settings

• Firewall
• Creating SELinux policies for Zabbix

Quick Start

• Prepare a Target Host

• Adding first host in Zabbix
• Adding first item in Zabbix
• Adding first trigger in Zabbix
• Receiving problem notification

Getting Started

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 • Host Group Configuration
• Host Configuration
• Host name
• Templates
• Host Interface:
• Agent
• SNMP
• IPMI
• JMX
•

Host user custom macros

Inventory

• Item Configuration

◦ Item keys
◦ Item intervals
◦ Simple intervals
◦ Custom intervals
◦ Flexible
◦ Scheduled
◦ Item retention time
◦ History retention
◦ Trend retention
◦ Value mapping

• Item types

◦ Simple Check
◦ ICMP check

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 ◦ TCP port
Scenario

• check ping and a TCP port availability of target server

• SSH Agent

Scenarios

• Configure Zabbix server/proxy to use SSH agent

• Check status of an application in target server using SSH
• Telnet Agent

Scenarios

• Configure Zabbix server/proxy to use Telnet agent

• Check status of an application in target server using Telnet
◦ Zabbix Agent
◦ Zabbix agent vs Zabbix agent 2
◦ Active Zabbix agent
◦ Passive Zabbix agent
◦ Zabbix agent default keys and functions
◦ Zabbix agent configuration file
◦ Define agent custom function using “Alias” directive
◦ Define agent custom function using “UserParameter” directive
◦ Restrict Zabbix agent functionality

Scenarios

• Install Zabbix Agent 2

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 • Change configuration of Zabbix agent
• Add Items using Zabbix agent default functions:
◦ Check agent availability
◦ Check host uptime
◦ Check network interfaces bandwidths
◦ Check disk space availability
◦ Export some monitoring data from text file
◦ Check status of an application on target server
• Configure Zabbix agent file to allow Zabbix server run remote com-
mands
• Check status of an application on target server using remote com-
mands
• Add an “Alias” to check status of an application on target server
• Add an “UserParameter” to check status of an application on target
server
• Log monitoring using Active check

SNMP Agent

What is SNMP?

• OID
• MIB

SNMP Versions

• SNMP v1
• SNMP v2
• SNMP v3

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 Data collection methods

• Get
• Walk

Scenarios

• Configure SNMP server

• Add Items to monitor server using SNMP agent:
◦ Check host uptime
◦ Check network interfaces bandwidths
• Add SNMP Walk Item
• Import custom MIB file to server
◦ External Check
◦ Enabling External Scripts

Scenarios

• Writing script and create ExternalCheck item

• Zabbix Trapper
• Sending item value to Zabbix using trapper

Scenarios

• Install Zabbix Sender

• Writing script to get value and send to Zabbix server

Web Scenario Monitoring

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 • Monitoring Websites and Webservices status, speed, size

Scenarios

• Monitor example website

• Monitor chained web scenario with login and logout steps

HTTP Agent

• Retrieving data from web services, APIs, HTTP endpoints

Scenarios

• Monitor NGINX status using http agent

• Get and monitor weather data from openweathermap

Dependent Item

• Optimizing Metric Collection

• Gathering Multiple Metrics Simultaneously
• Working with Item Pre-Processing

Scenarios

• Get multiple OIDs with SNMP Walk in one item and put them in multi-

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 ple dependent items
• Get JSON data from an API in one item and put them in multiple de-
pendent items
• Explain and test all pre-processing functions such as:
◦ Regular expression
◦ XML XPath
◦ JSON Path
◦ CSV to JSON
◦ Custom multiplier
◦ Simple change
◦ Change per second
◦ Discard unchanged

ODBC Monitoring

• Database monitor item type using SQL queries

• Integration to RDBMS databases using UnixODBC
◦ Install drivers for databases
◦ Definition of DSN (Data Source Name)
◦ Creating Item to get single value or multiple values as JSON
◦ Tuning of SQL queries

Scenarios

• Install and configure MariaDB/MySQL ODBC driver

• Integration of Zabbix and ODBC
• Monitoring E-Shop payment status by SQL

Calculated ItemsCalculate item values using various functions (Aggrega-

tion, Mathematical, …)

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 • Calculate dynamically for discovered items
• Forecasting item values

Scenarios

• Calculate Success rate

• How to manage division by zero
• Forecasting value based on history

Triggers

• Configuring and creating a trigger

◦ Define and tune Thresholds to prevent
• Trigger expression
◦ Define Problem and Recovery Expressions
◦ Functions
◦ Aggregate functions
◦ Bitwise functions
◦ Date and time functions
◦ History functions
◦ Trend functions
◦ Mathematical functions
◦ Operator functions
◦ Prediction functions
◦ String functions
• Operators
◦ Comparison between some items
◦ Mathematical Operator
◦ Logical Operator (And, Or)

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 Scenarios

• Create various triggers

◦ Trigger dependencies
◦ Trigger and Event Correlations
◦ Predictive trigger functions

Templates

• Using Templates
• Find and import third party templates
• Create a Template
• Export Templates

Discoveries

• Network Discovery
◦ Top-Down Discovery
◦ Finding Network Devices using various criteria
• Auto Registration
◦ Bottom-Up Discovery
◦ Configuring Active Zabbix Agent to Auto Register device to
Zabbix
• Low Level Discovery (LLD)
◦ Finding Low Level Metrics using following methods:
◦ Zabbix Agent
◦ External Script
◦ Trapper
◦ SNMP
◦ HTTP Agent
◦ ODBC

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 ◦ Create Item prototype
◦ Create Trigger prototype
◦ Configure Trigger prototype thresholds dynamically

Scenarios

• Creating Low Level Discovery rule based on E-Shop Payments (ODBC)

• Creating Low Level Discovery rule based on SNMP and SNMP Walk
• Creating Low Level Discovery rule based on External Script

Zabbix Proxy

• Zabbix Proxy
◦ Active Zabbix Proxy
◦ Passive Zabbix Proxy
• Zabbix Proxy Load Balancing (Proxy Group)

Securing Zabbix

• Data Transformation Encryption

◦ Between Zabbix Agent and Zabbix Proxy
◦ Between Zabbix Agent and Zabbix Server
◦ Between Zabbix Proxy and Zabbix Server
◦ Secure Web Frontend using https

User and Group Management

• User

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 • Group
• Role
• Permissions

Performance Tuning

• Kernel Parameters
• Database Tuning
◦ MySQL Partitioning
◦ Optimize tables
◦ Adding Primary Key to Zabbix Database
◦ Configuring Elasticsearch as Storage

Zabbix Deployment

• Install Zabbix Using Docker

• Monitoring Docker with Zabbix Agent2
• Install Zabbix Using Source Code

Zabbix Administration

• Zabbix Server and Proxy Configuration File

• General
• Audit Log
• Housekeeping
• Queues

Reports

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 • System Information
• Top 100 Triggers
• Inventory Report

Alerts and Notification

• Create and Configure Media types

Scenario

• Adding and configuring Email Media

• Optional: Adding and configuring Telegram (with Graph) Media

Configure Trigger Actions

Configuring Escalation Policy

Configure Maintenance time

Zabbix Visualization

• Creating Zabbix Dashboard

• Using Widget and panels
• Dynamic Widgets
• Slide Show
• Zabbix Map

Optional: Grafana

• Install and Configure Grafana

• Add and integrate Zabbix data source Plugin
• Creating sample dashboard on Grafana

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 ‫سرفصل‌های دوره آموزشی‬

Prometheus
Overview

• What is DevOps?
• What is Monitoring?
• What Is Prometheus?
• Prometheus Architecture

Getting Started with Prometheus

• Running Prometheus
• Using the Expression Browser
• Running the Node Exporter
• Alerting

Instrumentation

• A Simple Program
• The Counter
• Counting Size
• The Gauge
• The Summary
• The Histogram

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 • Unit Testing Instrumentation
• Approaching Instrumentation

Exposition

• Python
• Go
• Java
• Pushgateway
• Bridges
• Parsers
• Exposition Format

Labels

• Instrumentation and Target Labels

• Aggregating
• Label Patterns

Dashboarding with Grafana

• Grafana Installation
• Data Source
• Dashboards and Panels
• Graph Panel
• Singlestat Panel
• Table Panel
• Template Variables

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 Node Exporter

• CPU Collector
• Filesystem Collector
• Diskstats Collector
• Netdev Collector
• Meminfo Collector
• Hwmon Collector
• Stat Collector
• Uname Collector
• Loadavg Collector
• Textfile Collector

Service Discovery

• Service Discovery Mechanisms

• Relabelling
• How to Scrape

Containers and Kubernetes

• cAdvisor
• Kubernetes
• Common Exporters:
• Consul
• HAProxy
• Grok Exporter
• Blackbox

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 Working with Other Monitoring Systems

• Other Monitoring Systems

• InfluxDB (TICK Stack)
• Zabbix

Writing Exporters

• Consul Telemetry
• Custom Collectors
• Guidelines

Introduction to PromQL

• Aggregation Basics
• Selectors
• HTTP API

Aggregation Operators

• Grouping
• Operators
• Binary Operators
• Working with Scalars
• Vector Matching
• One-to-One
• Many-to-One and group_left
• Many-to-Many and Logical Operators
• Operator Precedence

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 Functions

• Changing Type
• Math
• Time and Date
• Labels
• Missing Series and absent
• Sorting with sort and sort_desc
• Histograms with histogram_quantile
• Counters
• Changing Gauges
• Aggregation over Time

Recording Rules

• Using Recording Rules

• When to Use Recording Rules
• Naming of Recording Rules
• Alerting:
• Alerting Rules
• Configuring Alertmanagers

Alertmanager

• Notification Pipeline
• Configuration File
• Alertmanager Web Interface

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 Putting It All Together

• Planning a Rollout
• Going Global with Federation
• Long-Term Storage
• Running Prometheus
• Hardware
• Configuration Management
• Networks and Authentication
• Planning for Failure
• Managing Performance
• Managing Change
• Getting Help

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 ‫سرفصل‌های دوره آموزشی‬

Python
Introduction:

• Python History
• Python Features & usage
• Python versions & differences
• Interactive Environment and Interpreter of Python
• Python IDEs and PyCharm
• Running Python files from Terminal & IDE by example
• PyCharm Environment & Debuging with PyCharm

Python program structure:

• Storing code and running program

• Variables and Datatypes
• Naming rules & conventions
• Getting user input and displaying output to terminal
• Introduction to Object Oriented programming & Objects in Python
• Modularity & Python libraries
• Installing & using libraries in python

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 Computational Operators:

• Logical Operators
• Operator priority
• Exceptions & Exception Handling in Python
• Basic DataTypes & Literals
• Lists, Tuples, Sets, Sequences and dictionaries
• List & Tuple Methods Slicing And Concatenation of Sequences
• Dictionary methods
• List Comprehensions

Strings and coding:

• Unicode
• Excape Characters
• Multiline Strings
• Type casting in python
• String Methods
• String formatting

Conditional statements:

• Loops
• For loop
• While loop
• Loop controlling statements
• Nested Loops
• Using loops on Sequences & dictionaries

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 Working with files:

• Binary & Text files

• File Opening modes
• Working with file offset pointer
• Bytes and bytearrays
• With statement
• Working with csv files

Functions in python:

• Function definition structure

• Documenting objects in python and self documented concept
• Calling functions variable scope in functions (global, local , nonlocal)
• Optional function parameters
• Lambda functions

Libraries in python:

• Library Structure & Creating Libraries

• Separating program logic from helping entities
• Frequent libraries & their usage
• Sys library
• Getting script parameter from terminal
• Os library
• Working with OS directory structures using os library

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 Regular Expressions:

• Re library
• Urllib & request libraries
• Web scraping using urllib, request & re libraries

Class definition:

• Class initiation
• Inheritance
• Class methods and variables
• Example of using classes versus functional programming

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