Research paper

on
Weather Monitoring System
Submitted to
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In

Electronics and telecommunication Engineering

Submitted By
1. Chirag Agrawal (11)
2. Dhanjay Dehari (12)
3. Girish Chachere (15)
4. Harshdeep Barhate (38)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Rajeshree Raut
Dean of Electronics and Telecommunica on Engineering

Department of Electronics and telecommunication & Engineering

Government College of Engineering Nagpur – 441108 (M. S.)
2024-2025

GCOE Nagpur
Weather Monitoring System Using NodeMCU ESP8266
Chirag Agrawal, Dhanjay Dehari, Girish Chachere , Harshdeep Barhate
Department of Electronics & Telecommunica on Engineering

Government College of Engineering Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Abstract- Weather monitoring is a systematic method that gives us detailed information about the
weather of our surrounding environment. This device basically monitors the different weather
parameters such as temperature, humidity, and Rain, Air Quality. The heart of the device is Node
MCU. In this sensors are used namely temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11) and rain sensors
have been used, which is connected to Node MCU. When the code uploaded on Arduino IDE, the
board is connected and the sensor start working. All monitored data are stored in thingspeak
platform. By using another approach to calculate rain value by the use of IOT and its condition easily
for their users.

Keywords: ESP8266 Microcontroller, Weather Monitoring System, Modular Control System,

Temperature and Humidity Sensor.
1. INTRODUCTION
The results would be reliable by using sensors to analyze climatic conditions and the entire
system will use less resources, and there will be faster response. This system includes wireless
technology, which also has Wi-Fi connectivity. Here the weather conditions are controlled and the
data is updated on the website. A weather monitoring system could be understood as a system that
gives us weather reports in our environment which makes it intelligent and interactive through
wireless communication with objects. For example, it can give us information of the atmospheric
temperature, humidity, rainfall level and pressure etc. This system therefore essentially senses
temperature, humidity, rain and pressure for the specific place. The prototype contains different types
of sensors which can be used to calculate all the above parameters. The prototype brain is NodeMCU
board along with ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module. The NodeMCU is connected by four sensors namely the
temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11), the rainfall sensor (YL83), and pressure sensor (BMP
180). The framework manages observing and controlling the ecological conditions like temperature,
relative moistness, pressure with sensors and sends the data to the website page and afterward plot
the sensor information as graphical insights. Refreshed information from the framework presented
can be accessed on the web from all aspects of the globe.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

In today’s world many pollution monitoring systems are designed by different environmental
parameters. Existing system model is presented IOT based Weather monitoring and reporting system
where you can collect, process, analyses, and present your measured data on web server. Wireless
sensor network management model consists of and device, router, gateway node and management
monitoring center. End device is responsible for collecting wireless sensor network data, and sending
them to parent node, the data are sent to gateway node
from parent node directly or by router. After receiving the data from wireless sensor network, gateway
node extracts data after analyzing and packaging them into Ethernet format data, sends
them to the server. Less formally, any device that runs server software could be considered a server
as well. Servers are used to manage network resources. The services or information provided through
the Internet that are connected through LAN and made available for users via smart phones, web
browser or other web browser devices to make the system more intelligent,
adaptable and efficient.

3. METHODOLOGY

Hardware:
i) ESP8266 Node MCU :
A Node MCU is a modern microcontroller piece that had been created by Arduino Enterprises. This
piece works as Arduino with requirements irrespective of AVR processors that excite Arduino IDE C++
compilers to compile the whole packet. Thanks to the features implemented by the ESP team, the
package is considered to be a complete kit intended to reduce the specific sectors that are required to be
linked to various roles of the perform. The term Core' has been given to the software group which is
needed to debug the Arduino C++ headers using MCU language. The innovation of the ESP8266
module contributes to the creation of robust and complete systems as opposed to the design
methodology that developed the Arduino core under the hegemony of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi based on
GitHub ESP8266 core website. This module is a platform for machine learning, incorporating between
ESP8266 and NodeMCU. The unit shown in Figure I operates under the control of networks 802.11n
and 802.11b. This means it can be used as an access point AP and Wi-Fi system or both together
simultaneously.

Fig.1. ESP8266 NodeMCU Microcontroller

ii) Temperature - Humidity Sensor (DHT11)

The Temperature-Humidity sensor known as DHT11 detects and controls temperature

and humidity degrees in a single distinctive configuration. The DHT11 sensor describes
the temperature (T) and humidity (H) forms which are handled in a complex manner
using optical signal output adjustment. The sensor promises outstanding flexibility and
excellent long-term reliability, owing to the private digital signal processing in the
sensing devices. This unit involves a resistive humidity circuit alongside with an NTC
temperature pad connected to an 8-bit high-performance microcontroller used to
provide excellent efficiency, quick response, anti- interference functionality and cost
benefit-effectiveness. The DHT11 sensor tests both (T) and (H) in this project and
transmits the readings via the ESP8266 board to the Net Pie network platform. The unit
consists of three pins identified by Vcc, data, and Gnd. it has to be mentioned that the
system exhibits excellent innovations especially when connected to any digital pin in
the microcontroller. The VCC pin must be supplied by 5 V of ESP8266 MCU, the data
and the Gnd are connected to the digital pin GPIO2 (D4) and the Gnd pin of the Node
MCU respectively.

Fig.2. Temperature and Humidity DHT11 Sensor

iii) Rain sensor:

The rain sensor module/board includes nickel coated lines and it works on the resistance
principle. This sensor module permits to gauge moisture through analog output pins & it gives
a digital output while moisture threshold surpasses. This module is similar to the LM393
IC because it includes the electronic module as well as a PCB. Here PCB is used to collect the
raindrops. When the rain falls on the board, then it creates a parallel resistance path to calculate
through the operational amplifier. This sensor is a resistive dipole, and based on the moisture
only it shows the resistance. For example, it shows more resistance when it is dry and shows
less resistance when it is wet.

Fig.3. Rain sensor

iv) BMP-180:

The BMP180 is a piezoresistive sensor that detects pressure. Piezoresistive sensors are made up of a
semiconducting material (usually silicon) that changes resistance when a mechanical force like
atmospheric pressure is applied.The BMP180 measures both pressure and temperature, because
temperature changes the density of gasses like air. At higher temperatures, air is not as dense and
heavy, so it applies less pressure on the sensor. At lower temperatures, air is more dense and weighs
more, so it exerts more pressure on the sensor. The sensor uses real-time temperature measurements
to compensate the pressure readings for changes in air density.The BMP180 has a 176 bit EEPROM
that contains 11 different calibration coefficients that are unique to each sensor. These, along with the
UP and UT, are used to calculate the true barometric pressure and temperature.
 Fig.4. BMP180

Software:
Arduino IDE:
The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the software used for programming
Arduino boards. It has unique features designed for writing, testing, and debugging code. The IDE
supports multiple operating systems, including Windows and Linux, and the programming languages
C/C++. As open-source software, it allows users to write their own functions and extend its capabilities.
There are several types of Arduino boards supported, such as Arduino Ethernet and Arduino Mega are
saved with the `.ino` file extension.

CLOUD SYSTEM:

THINGSPEAK:

ThingSpeak is known as an open IoT platform which contains MATLAB analytics that provides us
with the facilities to accumulate, view, and examine live data streams into the cloud. We can also send
data to ThingSpeak from our devices, where we can produce a quick visualization of our live data,
and can also send warning notifications.
Circuit Daigram:

ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS:

ADVANTAGES:

• IOT based weather mentoring system project using NodeMCU is absolutely mechanized.
• It doesn’t require any personal attention.
• We can get notice of weather conditions at any location beforehand.
• Cost Effectiveness
• Easy to deploy and autonomous
• Low energy and low power
• Accuracy is high
• Efficient
APPLICATIONS:

• The weather monitoring system will play a very crucial role in the field of industry, farms,
agriculture. Etc.,
• It’s beneficial at locations such as rain forests and volcanos.
• The weather monitoring system can help to take preventive measures against rains which can be
destructive more often, winds, Too high or too low temperature.
• The use of proposed system will help us survive with the ground frost and high temperature in
summers.
• Our system could be used in cold storages at factories and industries to keep the temperatures
of those places in check and to get alerts if there’s any major change in the values.
• Our system could be used in green houses and nurseries to check if the weather conditions of
those areas are suitable for the growth of certain plants.

4. SIMULATION RESULT

Cloud: The Data obtained by the sensors that’s transferred to the cloud via the node mcu is displayed
in
5. CONCLUSION
Our System enables the environment to be selfprotected (smart environment) by having the sensors
integrated in the monitoring environment. To implement this, sensors need to be installed to capture
and interpret data in the particular area(environment). By adding sensors in the system, we can put
the world into real life, i.e., it can interact across the network with other artefacts. The product of the
processing of data and data analysis will then be made accessible via Wi-Fi to the end user. This
offers a clever means of tracking the atmosphere and an effective, low-cost embedded system. With
the Internet of Things theory, which is experimentally tested to control four parameters, which are
temperature, humidity, rain and CO can be monitored.

6. REFERENCES

1. IoT Based Weather Monitoring System R Suresh Babu, T Palaniappan,K Anushya, M

Kowsalya , M Krishnadevi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
2. IoT based Weather Monitoring System Bhagyashree Kulkarni1 , Rutuja Pawar2 , Jenil
Dosani3 , Archana Chaugule4 1,2,3UG Student, 4Associate Professor, Dept. of I.T., Shah
and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College Mumbai, India
3. Internet of Things (IOT) based Weather Monitoring System Girija C Department of
Electronics and Communication, NIEIT, Mysuru Andreanna Grace Shires Department of
Electronics and Communication, NIEIT, Mysuru Harshalatha H Department of
Electronics and Communication, NIEIT, Mysuru Pushpalatha H P Department of
Electronics and Communication, NIEIT, Mysuru.
4. IoT based Weather monitoring system Amogh Mothukuri Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science Warangal,
India.
5. Weather monitoring and forecasting system using IoT Balakrishnan Sivakumar 1, and
Chikkamadaiah Nanjundaswamy 2 1 Department of Telecommunication Engineering,
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.