Data Structures and Algorithms

Mohammad GANJTABESH

Department of Computer Science,

School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science,
University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran.

[email protected]

Dept. of Computer Science

University of Tehran
 Sorting Algorithms

Data Structures and Algorithms

Undergraduate course

Mohammad GANJTABESH Dept. of Computer Science

[email protected] University of Tehran
 Motivations
I # iii.
:# % oh
-

A- # HE

i§
um

Sort
Alg .

*, -7 i
i-D
_

ATF Tix
(sorted ✓
I ± :S.
6,6¥

1/8
 xD
< Gcs !
Bubble Sort =

Bubble sort
ten

for @
←
( Ain) }

←
n

o to n -
2) {
1_✓É¥↑j+ % ,

for ( j ← o
to ten -

2) {
if ( A "] > A "+☐){
] Acjti])
swap (Acj
,

}
}
ten ← ten -
1 Time complexity = (n )
}
}
2/8
 Selection Sort Ñ
Selection sort ( Ain ) { AIÉ7É
for Lito to n -

2) { index _
min = 2

i min i
_
←
swap ( Aco ] ,
AG
:nᵈ%mi④
for ( j it , to n
1) I

(
-

if ( Aaj ] < A- [ i _
min ] )t
After first pass
i. min ← j
t.FI
}
} I :-,
swap ( 1- [ ]
i Ali _
min]
)
1
,

, Time Complexity = Off)

3/8
?⃝
 Insertion Sort →
-

Insertion sort ( Ain ) }

for ( i ← 1 to n -
1) {
t→
a key

key ← A [i ] 1--1151714012
Pos ← i

while ( pas Yo & A [ pas ]>

I
key)
-

,
A- [ pas] ← A [ Pos -

i
]
Best case
Pos ← pos
!#
-

l :
it
} .
# Agm

}
Alpes ] ← key w.rse.com?F-%
i.
E- y.IM ,
#
#
}
-

O(n4 4/8
Mengesortc.A.si e) { Merge Sort =G_
if(s< e) {
m←
Mengesort
e% ]
( Asim )
IÉÉ
{ §
Mengesort ( Amelie )
recursive
Merge ( A ,s,m e) , approach

¥÷É '
"" ←
tF***D**

|
A[ Sim ]
[←
R← A- [ m -11 , e) }
j←j+i
%
i k←kH
€-2131415161719
← 0
for while
j ← °
} ,/

Keo whitefish){ whihelj CIRI){

j< IRI){

}
while (i< 14 & A[k3←L[ i ]
'
A[k3←Rej]
" ← it '
if ( Lei ] ≤ R[j] } j←j+ ,
" ← K+ '

ACK] ← Lci] } g
Kike ,

} i ← it / 1311 for merge 5/8

 Merge Sort ( Analysis) ?
-
É n - tests # Tjb II
}
◦ 4) if
Tcn) =
n= ,

ztcnk) +
° " "

g≈ ✓,,,
t.IE?nTn--iL
4kW r%
,

4¥ #
.

" eh -1
- i

2¥ { =

2T (2k
"

172k) ≤ ) + c.
× - &

2k
[
-

( 2k 2) 2k
-

≤ 2 2T +
c. + c. _

= IT ( 2K -2 ) + 2. c. 2K (Master theorems is -4

2K
22 [ 2T( zk 3) zk 2) + 2C
-

≤
-

+ c.

= 23T (2k 3) -

3. c.
2k
+
:
2k 2k '
k 2k 0(n log!)
€-22k
.
c. =

(1) k c + .

c. =
1- +
-

5/8
 if

}
04) n= ,

Tcn )
Quick Sort #£n
=

?
e) {
s
Quick sort (A) s e

Ht
,

A
if (s< e) {
m ← Partition ( A. sie ) { Partition

Quick sort ( A. Sim

Quick Sort ( Aim -11 , e)
-1 )
1÷ÉÑ"
}
} { Quick
↓
sort
{fʰ
complexity :

AtT
Time

Best Tent
: =

217%1+047--0 (
worse : Tcu ) = to) -11-4-11+041 ntogn )
=
.

0 ( ne)
✓
#"ᵗᵈÑ median
based
Average : 0 ( n
logan ) ✓ select
on

Algorithm 6/8
 Quick Sort

Partition ( Ais
µ based pivot
, e)
←
{
first element
Aˢ=gj↑
↑
on

✗ ← ACS] inns ← j
i←s+'b 0¥ .
j¥¥
_ j←e sci-Fi .
* ¥9M
repeat {
while ( Ali ] ( x ) i-iii

while ( Ag ] > xD j←j -1

if(i<j){
Time complexity :

Ali] ) (n )
swap ( Asi] ,

3wntikl.is 's ) ✓
swap ( Acs] , Acj ))
return ( j )
} 6/8
 ◦ ≤ I <k Counting Sort •

*
=
9k¥ n

tÉ5*
=
A

c.at?ings%casY-c----iii-
{
of ten K
KC is array
.

an

farci ← ◦ to K ) c[i7←° 1É¥¥

for (¥ ← o to n ) 1/0 2
4165948-7
c[A[j ]] -1-1
forties to K) BÉ234ÉÉ5
c[ i ] ← Cci] -11:-D
for (j ← ◦ to n ) } Time complexity
B. [ C [ Acj ]] -

I ] ← ACE ] ;

0( ntk
}
3 C. [ Acj ] ] -
-

7/8
 Searching: Sorted vs. Unsorted Arrays
←
Search
M

Binary Search Sequential

)
↓
Alto ,
±
Afia
Binary Search ( Aisle
2) { Search (Annex
/
sequential
m ← + e) 12 ]
for G' ← ◦ to n -

D}
netwmcm )
ifeng.se, if ( Aci ] = x )
Else if ( x < Acm]) return ti )
return
(Binary search ftp.m-KD }
else return ( -11
return (
Binary search ( Auntie xD ,
}
}
Time complexity → Ollogzh )
Time Complexity :O ( n)
:*
8/8