Okay, here are 50 multiple-choice questions based on the provided lecture slides, with the

answers following each question:

Multiple Choice Questions
1.​ What is software architecture?
○​ A) The detailed code of a software system.
○​ B) The high-level structure of a software system.
○​ C) The user interface design.
○​ D) The database schema.
Answer: B
2.​ According to IEEE 1471, what does software architecture define?
○​ A) Only the components of a system.
○​ B) The fundamental organization of a system.
○​ C) Only the user interface.
○​ D) The project management plan.
Answer: B
3.​ Which of the following is a key characteristic of software architecture?
○​ A) Focuses only on the runtime structure.
○​ B) Defines the physical structure.
○​ C) Ignores interactions between components.
○​ D) Only considers logical structure
Answer: B
4.​ What does software architecture ensure?
○​ A) Only performance.
○​ B) Maintainability and scalability.
○​ C) Only security.
○​ D) Only modifiability
Answer: B
5.​ In an e-commerce website, what does software architecture determine?
○​ A) How users design the website layout.
○​ B) How the frontend interacts with the backend.
○​ C) The programming language used.
○​ D) The marketing strategy.
Answer: B
6.​ What is software design?
○​ A) The high-level structure of a system.
○​ B) The detailed plan that guides the implementation of the system’s architecture.
○​ C) The network configuration.
○​ D) The project timeline.
Answer: B
7.​ What does High-Level Design (HLD) define?
○​ A) Detailed implementation of classes.
○​ B) Major modules and data flow.
○​ C) Database structures.
○​ D) Algorithms.
Answer: B
8.​ What does Low-Level Design (LLD) focus on?
○​ A) Major modules.
○​ B) System communication.
 ○​ C) Detailed implementation of components.
○​ D) Data flow.
Answer: C
9.​ In an email system, what does software design specify?
○​ A) How the mail server interacts with clients.
○​ B) How emails are stored and retrieved.
○​ C) The network protocols.
○​ D) The user interface layout.
Answer: B
10.​What is one of the key importance of a well-defined software architecture?
○​ A) It complicates system updates.
○​ B) It ensures system quality.
○​ C) It hinders communication.
○​ D) It increases risks.
Answer: B
11.​A well-defined software architecture facilitates:
○​ A) Code rewrites for updates.
○​ B) Communication among stakeholders.
○​ C) Bottlenecks in development.
○​ D) Slow response times.
Answer: B
12.​What does a good software architecture improve?
○​ A) Complexity.
○​ B) Maintainability.
○​ C) Code redundancy.
○​ D) Development time.
Answer: B
13.​What does a well-defined architecture optimize?
○​ A) Resource consumption.
○​ B) Performance.
○​ C) Memory usage.
○​ D) Storage capacity.
Answer: B
14.​A good software architecture helps in:
○​ A) Increasing potential bottlenecks.
○​ B) Reducing risks.
○​ C) Slowing down development.
○​ D) Hiding vulnerabilities.
Answer: B
15.​What might a banking application with poor architecture lead to?
○​ A) Fast response times.
○​ B) High transaction loads.
○​ C) Slow response times and security vulnerabilities.
○​ D) Efficient data processing.
Answer: C
16.​In the difference between Software Architecture and Design, what is the focus of Software
Architecture?
○​ A) Algorithms.
 ○​ B) Classes.
○​ C) High-level structure.
○​ D) Database schema.
Answer: C
17.​What is the focus of Software Design?
○​ A) Components and their interaction.
○​ B) Client-Server.
○​ C) Function implementation.
○​ D) Microservices.
Answer: C
18.​Which of the following is an example of Software Architecture?
○​ A) Function implementation.
○​ B) Database schema.
○​ C) Client-Server.
○​ D) Algorithms.
Answer: C
19.​Which of the following is an example of Software Design?
○​ A) Microservices.
○​ B) MVC.
○​ C) Database schema.
○​ D) Client-Server.
Answer: C
20.​What are Architectural Drivers?
○​ A) Factors that define the user interface.
○​ B) Factors that shape software architecture.
○​ C) Programming languages.
○​ D) Development teams.
Answer: B
21.​Which of the following is a critical Architectural Driver?
○​ A) User interface design.
○​ B) Performance.
○​ C) Project timeline.
○​ D) Marketing strategy.
Answer: B
22.​What does Performance in Architectural Drivers refer to?
○​ A) How well the system handles increasing users.
○​ B) How fast a system responds under load.
○​ C) Protection against cyber threats.
○​ D) Ease of making changes.
Answer: B
23.​What is an example of optimizing for Performance?
○​ A) Using cloud-based apps.
○​ B) Encrypting transactions.
○​ C) Indexing a database for faster queries.
○​ D) Using modular components.
Answer: C
24.​What does Scalability in Architectural Drivers refer to?
○​ A) How fast a system responds.
 ○​ B) How well the system handles increasing users.
○​ C) Protection against threats.
○​ D) Ease of making changes.
Answer: B
25.​What is an example of Scalability?
○​ A) Optimizing a database.
○​ B) Cloud-based apps.
○​ C) Encrypting data.
○​ D) Using APIs.
Answer: B
26.​What does Security in Architectural Drivers involve?
○​ A) Handling increasing users.
○​ B) System response time.
○​ C) Protection against cyber threats.
○​ D) Ease of updates.
Answer: C
27.​What is an example of Security?
○​ A) Using modular components.
○​ B) Integrating with external systems.
○​ C) Encrypting transactions.
○​ D) Using APIs.
Answer: C
28.​What does Maintainability in Architectural Drivers mean?
○​ A) Protection against threats.
○​ B) Handling user load.
○​ C) Ease of making changes.
○​ D) System speed.
Answer: C
29.​What enhances Maintainability?
○​ A) Monolithic applications.
○​ B) Cloud-based systems.
○​ C) Modular components.
○​ D) Complex code.
Answer: C
30.​What does Interoperability in Architectural Drivers refer to?
○​ A) System security.
○​ B) System speed.
○​ C) Ability to integrate with external systems.
○​ D) Handling user load.
Answer: C
31.​What is an example of Interoperability?
○​ A) Using modular design.
○​ B) Using APIs.
○​ C) Encrypting data.
○​ D) Optimizing databases.
Answer: B
32.​Which development approach does Google use for its cloud-based applications?
○​ A) Monolithic.
 ○​ B) Waterfall.
○​ C) Microservices.
○​ D) SOA.
Answer: C
33.​What approach does traditional banking software often use?
○​ A) Microservices.
○​ B) Agile.
○​ C) Monolithic.
○​ D) SOA.
Answer: C
34.​What is the impact of the Waterfall Model on architecture?
○​ A) Flexible architecture.
○​ B) Rapid iterations.
○​ C) Rigid structure.
○​ D) Scalable services.
Answer: C
35.​What is the impact of Agile Development on architecture?
○​ A) Rigid structure.
○​ B) Limited adaptability.
○​ C) Flexible architecture.
○​ D) Simple design.
Answer: C
36.​What is the impact of Microservices on architecture?
○​ A) Hard to scale.
○​ B) Simple design.
○​ C) Highly scalable.
○​ D) Limited reuse.
Answer: C
37.​What is a characteristic of Monolithic architecture?
○​ A) Highly scalable.
○​ B) Independent services.
○​ C) Simple but hard to scale.
○​ D) Enhances reuse.
Answer: C
38.​What does Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) enhance?
○​ A) Complexity.
○​ B) Rigidity.
○​ C) Reuse and flexibility.
○​ D) Limitations.
Answer: C
39.​Which architectural type is Netflix using?
○​ A) Monolithic
○​ B) Microservices
○​ C) Waterfall
○​ D) Agile
Answer: B
40.​What are the architectural drivers for Netflix?
○​ A) Simplicity, low cost, inflexibility
 ○​ B) Scalability, performance, high availability
○​ C) Rigidity, security, low performance
○​ D) Low scalability, high cost, maintainability
Answer: B
41.​What are the design choices for Netflix?
○​ A) Single server, no caching, no CDN
○​ B) Load balancers, distributed caching, CDN
○​ C) Limited bandwidth, single database
○​ D) Basic UI, no security
Answer: B
42.​What does Netflix’s scalable architecture allow it to do?
○​ A) Stream low-quality videos with buffering
○​ B) Stream HD videos worldwide without buffering
○​ C) Only stream videos in certain regions
○​ D) Have limited content
Answer: B
43.​Which of the following is NOT a learning objective of the lecture?
○​ A) Understand the fundamental concepts of Software Architecture and Design.
○​ B) Explain the importance of software architecture in the SDLC.
○​ C) Learn about UI/UX design
○​ D) Differentiate between software architecture and software design.
Answer: C
44.​What does software architecture define?
○​ A) The programming language
○​ B) The project budget
○​ C) The high-level structure of a system
○​ D) The testing strategy
Answer: C
45.​What is the purpose of software design?
○​ A) To define the system’s architecture
○​ B) To guide the implementation of the architecture
○​ C) To manage the development team
○​ D) To create marketing materials
Answer: B
46.​Which architectural driver is concerned with how well a system handles increased users?
○​ A) Performance
○​ B) Security
○​ C) Scalability
○​ D) Maintainability
Answer: C
47.​What does the microservices architectural approach provide?
○​ A) A rigid structure
○​ B) Highly scalable, independent services
○​ C) Limited adaptability
○​ D) Simple but hard to scale systems
Answer: B
48.​What is a disadvantage of a monolithic architecture?
○​ A) It is highly scalable
 ○​ B) It enhances reuse and flexibility
○​ C) It is simple but hard to scale
○​ D) It allows independent services
Answer: C
49.​What design choice helps Netflix achieve high availability?
○​ A) Single server
○​ B) Load balancers
○​ C) Limited bandwidth
○​ D) No caching
Answer: B
50.​Which software development approach emphasizes flexible architecture and rapid
iterations?
○​ A) Waterfall Model
○​ B) Agile Development
○​ C) Monolithic
○​ D) SOA
Answer: B