Review Innovations CE Review April 2023 – Plane Trigonometry 2

AREA OF TRIANGLE: ANGLE BISECTORS OF A TRIANGLE

The angle bisector of a triangle is the line drawn from one vertex to
a) Given the base and altitude
the opposite side bisecting the included angle between the other two
A = ½ bh sides. The angle bisectors of a triangle intersect at a point called the
incenter of the triangle.

b) Given two sides and included angle

A = ½ ab sin C = ½ bc sin A = ½ ac sin B

c) Given three sides (Heron’s Formula)

a+b+c
A = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) s=
2
2
d) Given three angles and one side 𝑏𝑎 = √𝑏𝑐𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)
𝑏+𝑐

𝑎2 sin B sin C 𝑏 2 sin A sin C 2

A= A= 𝑏𝑏 = √𝑎𝑐𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑏)
2 sin A 2 sin B 𝑎+𝑐
𝑐 2 sin A sin B 2
A= 𝑏𝑐 = √𝑎𝑏𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑐)
2 sin C 𝑎+𝑏

MEDIANS OF A TRIANGLE
CIRCLE INSCRIBED IN A TRIANGLE (IN-CIRCLE)
The median of a triangle is the line drawn from one vertex to the
midpoint of its opposite side. The medians of a triangle intersect at a
common point called the centroid of the triangle.

Incenter – It is the point of intersection of the angle bisectors of the

triangle. It is also the center of the inscribed circle.
1
𝑚𝑎 = √2𝑏 2 + 2𝑐 2 − 𝑎 2 In-circle – It is the largest circle that can fit inside the triangle and
2
touch all three sides. Its center is always inside the triangle.
1
𝑚𝑏 = √2𝑎2 + 2𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2
2 𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑟𝑠
1 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
𝑚𝑐 = √2𝑎2 + 2𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 𝑠=
2 2

ALTITUDES OF A TRIANGLE CIRCLE CIRCUMSCRIBING A TRIANGLE (CIRCUM-CIRCLE)

The altitude of a triangle is the line drawn from one vertex
perpendicular to its opposite side. The altitudes of a triangle intersect
at a point called the orthocenter of the triangle.

Circumcenter – It is the point of intersection of the perpendicular

2𝐴 𝑇
ℎ𝑎 = bisectors of the triangle. It is also the center of the circumscribed
𝑎
circle.
2𝐴 𝑇 Circum-circle – It is the circle that passes through all the vertices of
ℎ𝑏 = the triangle. Its center can be inside or outside the triangle.
𝑏

2𝐴 𝑇 𝑎𝑏𝑐
ℎ𝑐 = 𝐴𝑇 =
𝑐 4𝑅
 Review Innovations CE Review April 2023 – Plane Trigonometry 2

3. The area of a triangle is 40cm2 and two of its sides measure 10cm
ESCRIBED CIRCLE (EX-CIRCLE) and 16cm, respectively. What is the length of the third side?
A. 18.24cm C. 15.78cm
B. 20.20cm D. 25.16cm

4. The area of a triangle inscribed in a circle is 42.23cm2. One side of

the triangle is 18cm. Find the length of one side of the triangle if the
radius of circumscribing circle is 9cm.

5. A point outside an equilateral triangle is at distances of 20 cm, 20

cm, and 36 cm from the vertices. Determine the perimeter of the
triangle.

𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑟(𝑠 − 𝑎) 6. The radius of a circle circumscribing an isosceles triangle is 25 cm.

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 If one of the equal interior angles of this isosceles triangle measures
𝑠= 70o, what is the area of the triangle?
2
where: Situation 1:
𝑟 = radius of escribed circle In triangle ABC, side BC = 40m, side AB = 50m and Angle A = 53 0.
7. Determine the area of the triangle.
𝑎 = side where the escribed circle is tangent A. 674.4 m2 C. 644.4 m2
B. 647.4 m2 D. 677.4 m2
8. Determine the perimeter of the triangle.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS: A. 112.4 m C. 132.4 m
1. The ratio of the angles of a triangle is 2:3:7. If the area is 20 m 2, B. 122.4 m D. 142.4 m
find the longest side. 9. Determine the length of the median drawn from vertex A to the
side BC.
2. A triangle ABC has sides a = 6 cm, b = 8 cm, and c = 9 cm. Find A. 37.1 m C. 39.2 m
the length of the median drawn from the vertex A to side BC. B. 36.8 m D. 38.5 m

3. In the previous problem, how far from the vertex B will the Situation 2:
bisector of angle A intersect BC? Triangle ABC has the following sides: AB = 40 cm, BC = 60 cm and
angle B = 460. Determine the ff:
4. A triangle has an area of 9.92 cm2 and its perimeter is 15 cm. Find 10. Area of the triangle
the distance from the point of intersection of its angle bisectors to 11. Distance from A to the other end of the bisector of angle B.
one side. 12. Length of the bisector of angle B.

5. The area of a triangle ABC is 26.83 cm2 and the product of its three Situation 3:
sides is 504 cm3. How far from vertex A is the point of intersection Triangle XYZ has base angles X = 52 and Z = 60 .
0 0

of the perpendicular bisectors of its sides? Distance XZ = 400 m long. A line AB which is 200 m long is laid out
parallel to XZ.
6. The area of a triangle ABC is 65 cm2 and its perimeter is 48 cm. 13. Compute the area of triangle XYZ.
Compute the radius of the escribed circle tangent to the longest side A. 56,214.81 m2 C. 58,882.59 m2
of the triangle. The sum of the two sides is 30 cm and the difference B. 28,107.41 m 2 D. 29,441.29 m2
of the two sides is 15 cm. 14. Determine the area of ABXZ.
A. 39,897.12 m2 C. 44,161.94 m2
7. The sides of a triangle form an arithmetic progression and the B. 45,786.54 m 2 D. 43,113,18 m2
product of the lengths of the shortest and longest sides is 77. Find 15. The area of ABY is to be divided into two equal parts. Compute
the product of the radius of the circle inscribed in the triangle and the length of the dividing line which is parallel to AB.
the radius of the circumscribing circle. A. 138.76 m C. 126.54 m
B. 143.44 m D. 141.42 m
Situation 1:
A square section ABCD has one of its sides equal to “X”. Point E is
inside the square forming an equilateral triangle BEC having one
side equal to the side of the square. Answer Key:
1. 12 cm 9. 37.1 m
8. Compute the value of angle DEC.
2. Php 761,835.88 10. 863.21 cm2
9. Find the value of angle AED.
3. 25.16 cm 11. 17.28 cm
10. If the area of triangle BEC is equal to 62.35 m2, find the area of
4. 17.327 cm 12. 44.18 cm
triangle AED.
5. 67.38 cm or 119.67 cm 13. 58,882.59 m2
6. 709.5 cm2 14. 44,161.94 m2
7. 647.4 m2 15. 141.42 m
Problems for Practice: 8. 122.4 m
1. A triangle ABC has sides AB=90 cm and AC=120 cm. A line
segment DE is formed such that D lies on side AB while E lies on
side AC. If the ratio of the areas of two triangles is 3:5, how far is E
from C if AD measures 60 cm?

2. A piece of property in downtown Houston is advertised for

sale at Php45 per square foot. If the lengths of the sides of the
triangular lot are 220 feet, 234 feet and 160 feet, then what is the
asking price for the lot?