While/If Revisited
Chris Piech and Mehran Sahami
Stanford University
Review
Variables are like Boxes
num_students = 700
num_students 700
700
name
value
Variables are like Boxes
num_students = 700
int
num_students 700
700
name type
value
Teeny Tiny Boxes
My computer has space for
about 10 billion boxes
Create, Modify, Use
# Create a variable, of type int
# called age.
age = 37
# Use the value in age (output it)
print(f"age is: {age}")
# Modify age to be one greater.
age = age + 1
Create, Modify, Use
# Create a variable, of type int
# called age.
age = 37
# Use the value in age (output it)
print(f"age is: {age}")
# Modify age to be one greater.
age = age + 1
Arithmetic Operators
+ Addition * Multiplication
- Subtraction / Division
Review Example: Bolt Calculator
Usain Bolt has the
record speed for
any human
He was recorded
going 10.44 meters
per second
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
% python main.py
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
% python main.py
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
% python main.py
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
% python main.py
Run time (s):
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
% python main.py
Run time (s):
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
% python main.py
Run time (s): 60
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
% python main.py
str
"60"
Run time (s): 60
time_str
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
float
% python main.py
str
"60" 60.0
Run time (s): 60
time_str time
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
float
% python main.py
str
"60" 60.0
Run time (s): 60
time_str time
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
float
% python main.py
str
"60" 60.0
Run time (s): 60
time_str time
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
float
% python main.py
str
"60" 60.0
Run time (s): 60
time_str time
float
626.4
distance
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
float
% python main.py
str
"60" 60.0
Run time (s): 60
time_str time
float
626.4
distance
Review: Bolt Calculator
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
terminal
float
% python main.py
str
"60" 60.0
Run time (s): 60
Bolt can run 626.4 meters time_str time
float
626.4
distance
End Review
Today’s Goal
1. Be able to use For / While / If in Python
Today’s Route
You are here
Core
Python
While/If
Review
Today’s Route
You are here
Core
Python
While/If
Review
While Loop in Karel
while front_is_clear() :
body
if beepers_present() :
body
While Loop Redux
while condition : if condition :
body body
The condition should be a boolean which is
either True or False
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
While Loop: Bolt Distance
SPEED = 10.44 # Bolt's speed in meters / second
def main():
while True: while True:
time_str = input("Run time (s): ")
time = float(time_str)
distance = SPEED * time
print(f"Bolt can run {distance} meters.")
Today’s Route
You are here
Core
Python
While/If
Review
Today’s Route
You are here
Core
Python
While/If
Review
Booleans
front_is_clear()
True
Booleans
beepers_present()
True
Booleans
s = "123"
s.is_digit()
True
Booleans
my_var < 3
True
Comparison Operators
Operator Meaning Example Value
== equals 1 + 1 == 2 True
!= does not equal 3.2 != 2.5 True
< less than 10 < 5 False
> greater than 10 > 5 True
<= less than or equal to 126 <= 100 False
>= greater than or equal to 5.0 >= 5.0 True
* All have equal precedence
Comparison Operators
Operator Meaning Example Value
== equals 1 + 1 == 2 True
!= does not equal 3.2 != 2.5 True
< less than 10 < 5 False
> greater than 10 > 5 True
<= less than or equal to 126 <= 100 False
>= greater than or equal to 5.0 >= 5.0 True
* All have equal precedence
Spot the difference #1
x = 7 x == 7
Sets the value of a Checks if a variable
variable named x to be named x has the
7. Creates the variable value 7
if it didn't exist.
Spot the difference #2
x == 5 x == "5"
Checks if x is the Checks if x is the
number 5 string 5
Comparison Operators
if 1 < 2 :
print("1 is less than 2")
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("That number is 0")
else :
print("That number is not 0.")
If Else Revisited
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
else:
if num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
If Else Revisited
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
If Else Revisited
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
If Else Revisited
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
If Else Revisited
“5”
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
Enter a number: 5
If Else Revisited
5 “5”
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
Enter a number: 5
If Else Revisited
5
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
Enter a number: 5 5
num
If Else Revisited
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
Enter a number: 5 5
num
If Else Revisited
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
Enter a number: 5 5
num
If Else Revisited
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
Enter a number: 5 5
Your number is positive
num
If Else Revisited
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num == 0:
print("Your number is 0 ")
elif num > 0:
print("Your number is positive")
else:
print("Your number is negative")
Enter a number: 5 5
Your number is positive
num
Conditions in Python
Use while and if statements in
Python.
They are the same as in Karel,
except that the test can be any
expression that evaluates to
True or False
Amazing
Guess My Number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
50
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
50
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
50
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
50
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
50
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
95
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
95
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
95
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
95
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
95
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
95
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
92
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
92
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
92
int
guess secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
92
int
guess secret_number
Behind the Scenes-
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while ???:
# Report on the old guess
# Get a new guess
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
92
int
secret_number
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while ???:
# Repeat some stuff???
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while ???:
# Get a new guess
# Report high/low
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while ???:
# Get a new guess
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# Report high/low
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# Get a new guess
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# Report high/low
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")=
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equecret number
while guess != secret_number:
# Report high/low
# Get a new guess
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
Guess My Number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 99)
print("I am thinking of a number between 1 and 99...")
guess = int(input("Enter a guess: "))
# True if guess is not equal to secret number
while guess != secret_number:
# True if guess is less than secret number
if guess < secret_number:
print("Your guess is too low")
else:
print("Your guess is too high")
print("") # an empty line
guess = int(input("Enter a new guess: "))
print(f"Congrats! The number was: {secret_number}")
George Boole
English Mathematician teaching in Ireland 1815 – 1864
Boole died of being too cool
Logical Operators
In order of precedence:
Operator Example Result
not not (2 == 3) True
and (2 == 3) and (-1 < 5) False
or (2 == 3) or (-1 < 5) True
Can "chain" tests
# is x between 2 and 10?
2 <= x and x <= 10
Boolean Variables
# Store expressions that evaluate to True/False
x = 1 < 2 # True
y = 5.0 == 4.0 # False
# Directly set to True/False
is_sheltering = True
is_raining = False
play_again = input(’Play again? "y” or "n”’) == ‘y’
if play_again:
...
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