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Lecture 02 - Factorization

The document is a lecture note on factorization methods in mathematics, authored by Amila Rajapakse from the University of Kelaniya. It covers various techniques for factorization, including taking out common factors, grouping, difference of two squares, and using binomial identities. Each method is illustrated with examples to aid understanding.

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3 views22 pages

Lecture 02 - Factorization

The document is a lecture note on factorization methods in mathematics, authored by Amila Rajapakse from the University of Kelaniya. It covers various techniques for factorization, including taking out common factors, grouping, difference of two squares, and using binomial identities. Each method is illustrated with examples to aid understanding.

Uploaded by

tharuweera28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka

Amila Rajapakse
PhD (Malaysia), MSc. in Management (SJP), B.B. A. (Finance) (Col)
Senior Lecturer
Department of Accountancy
[email protected]
Algebra Menu

Order of Operation

Factorization
Mathematical Order of Operation
Mathematical Order of Operation
General rules for roots or radicals
How to read power of a number
Factorization
Factorization/ Factoring
• Factorization writes a number as the product of
smaller numbers
30 = 2 x 3 x 5

Product Factors

• Factors of a number are numbers that divide evenly


into another number.
• Why?
• Simplification
• Solve complex equations
Factorization Methods

1. Taking out common Factors


2. Grouping
3. Difference of two squares
4. Using binomial identities
5. Splitting middle term of a quadratic
polynomial/Middle term breaking
6. Sum of difference of cubes
Taking out common Factors
Identify the common factor

• Ex 1: 5X2 – 20xy
= 5X (X – 4Y)

• Ex 2: 5a (b + C) – 3b (b+c)
= (b+c) (5a – 3b)
Grouping
No common factor
Ex 1.
X2 – 5x + x – 5
= X ( X – 5 ) + 1 (X- 5)
=(X–5)(X+1)
Ex 2.
4b3 + b2 + 8b +2
= b2 (4b + 1) + 2(4b + 1)
= (4b + 1) (b2 + 2)
Difference of two squares

a2 – b2 = ( a + b) ( a – b)
a2 + b2 = Cannot factorized

Ex 1. Ex 2.
a2 – 25b2 64X2 – 81y2
= a2 – (5b)2 = (8X)2 – (9y)2
= (a + 5b) (a - 5b) = (8X + 9y) (8X – 9Y)
Using binomial identities
• Squared of two terms+ two times the product of
two terms
(a + b )2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a - b )2 = a2 - 2ab + b2

Ex 1.
4x2 + 12xy + 9y2
= (2x)2 + 2 (2x * 3y) + (3y)2
= (2x + 3y)2
Ex 2.

4 (x + y)2 – 20y (x + y) + 25y2


= [2( x+ y) – 5]2
= (2x + 2y – 5y)2
= (2x - 3y)2
Middle term breaking
• Break the middle term and grouping

Ex 1. 6 = -2 * -3
x2 – 5x + 6 6 = -6 * -1

= x2 – 2x -3x + 6
= x (x – 2) -3 (x – 2)
= (x – 2) (x – 3)
Ex 2.
10x2y2 = -10xy * -1xy
2x2 – 11xy + 5y2 10x2y2 = -5xy * -2xy
= 2x2 – 10xy -xy + 5y2
= 2x (x – 5y) -y (x – 5y)
= (x – 5y) (2x - y)
Sum of difference of cubes
a3 - b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 - ab + b2)

Ex 1.
a3 + b3 + a + b
= (a + b ) (a2 –ab + b2) + a + b
= (a + b ) (a2 –ab + b2) + 1 (a + b)
= (a + b ) (a2 –ab + b2 + 1)
Ex 2.
16a4 – 54a
= 2a (8a3 – 27)
= 2a [(2a)3 – 33]
= 2a (2a – 3) (4a2 + 6a +9)
Thank You

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