Nepal Engineering College, Changunarayan Bhaktapur

Tutorial 1 Subject: Physics (LNP) Chapter: Physical Optics January 14, 2020

Solve the following problems. Duration for the submission: within one week

1. What is interference? Explain the phenomenon of interference in thin film by transmitted rays.
2. How are Newton’s rings formed? Discuss and derive the necessary theory of Newton’s ring experiment for the
transmitted light.
3. Explain how interference fringes are formed by a thin wedge shaped film when examined by normally reflected light.
How will you estimate the difference of film thickness between two points?
4. A Parallel beam of light of wave length 5890 A° is incident on a thin glass plate of refractive index 1.5 such that the
angle of refraction in to the plate is 60°. Calculate the smallest thickness of the glass plate which will appear dark by
reflection.
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5. In Newton’s ring experiment, the diameter of 15 ring was found to be 0.59cm and that of 5 ring was 0.33cm. If the
radius of the plano convex lens was 100cm, calculate the wave length of the light used.
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6. Newton’s rings are observed in reflected light of wavelength 5.9×10 cm. The diameter of 10 dark ring is 0.50cm.
Find the radius of curvature of the lens and thickness of the air film.
7. A wedge shaped film of air between two glass plates gives equally spaced dark fringes using reflected sodium light
which are 0.22 mm apart. When monochromatic light o another wavelength is used, the fringes are 0.24mm apart.
Calculate the wave length of the second source, given that the sodium light is 589nm.
th th
8. In Newton’s ring experiment, the radii of n and (n+5) dark rings are found to be 6mm and 8mm respectively.
Calculate the wavelength of light used if the radius of the curved surface of the lens is 100 cm.
9. Light containing two wavelengths ᨂ1 and ᨂ2 falls normally on a plano-convex lens of radius of curvature R resting on a
glass plate. If the n dark ring due to ᨂ1 ,coincides with the (n+1) dark ring due to ᨂ2, prove that the radius of the
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1
𝜆1𝜆2 𝑅
nth dark ring of ᨂ1 is
2
𝜆 1 −𝜆 2
10. Newton's rings are formed by reflected light of wave length 5895A ° with a liquid between the plane and curved
th
surfaces. If the diameter of the 6 bright ring is 3mm and the radius of curved surface is 100cm, calculate the
refractive index of the liquid. (ans: μ=1.442)
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11. A soap film 5×10 cm thick is viewed at an angle of 35° to the normal. Find the wave length of light in visible spectrum
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which will be absent from reflected light.(μ=1.33) (ans:6×10 m,4×10 m)
12. A light source emits light of two wave length 4300𝐴 and 5100𝐴. The source is used in a double slits experiment. The
distance between source and screen is 1.5 m and the distance between the slits is 0.025mm. Calculate the separation
between the third order bright fringes due to these two wavelengths (ans:1.44cm)
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13. A beam of monochromatic light of wavelength 5.82 × 10 m falls normally on a glass wedge with wedge angle of 20
seconds on the arc. If the refractive index of glass is 1.5, find the number of dark fringes per cm of the wedge length. (
ans: 5 fringes/cm)
o
14. A parallel beam of sodium light strikes a film of olive oil ( μ = 1.6) on water. when viewed at an angle of 30 with the
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normal, the 8 dark band is seen. Find the thickness of the film, given λ = 5890× 10 cm. ( ans: 1.55 × 10 cm)
15. In Newton’s ring experiment, the radius of curvature of the lens is 5m and diameter of its flat surface is 20mm. a)
How many bright rings are produced? b) How many bright rings would be produced if the arrangement were
immersed in water? Assume that the wavelength of light used is 5890𝐴 and refractive index of water as 1.33. ( ans:
34, 45)
16. Define diffraction of light. Show that the width of central maximum is double than the other maximum in
Fraunhoffer’s single slit diffraction.
17. Differentiate between interference and diffraction of light. Explain the Fraunhoffer diffraction at double slit.
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18. A diffraction grating has 1.25×10 rulings uniformly spread over a width of 25.4mm. It is illuminated at normal
incidence by yellow light from a sodium vapor lamp. This light contains two closely spaced emission lines of wave
length 589nm and 589.59nm. Find the angular separation between the two lines in the first order.(ans:66.84’’).
19. Diffraction pattern of a single slit of width 0.5cm is formed by a lens of focal length 40cm. Calculate the distance
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between first dark and next bright fringe from the axis. Wave length of light is 4890A°.(ans: 1.956×10 m)
20. A diffraction grating 3cm wide produces the second order at 33° with light of wave length 600nm. What is the total
no. of lines in the grating?(ans: 4539 lines/cm)
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21. Find the angular width of central maximum of diffraction pattern due to single slit of width 12×10 cm when the slit is
illuminated by monochromatic light of wave length 6000A°.(ans: 60°)
22. What separation is produced between the spectral lines by a grating of 2000 lines per cm in the second order
diffraction pattern when it is illuminated normally by a light that contains wave lengths 6000A°. Distance between
grating and screen is 50cm.(ans: 0.02cm)
23. Plane diffraction grating has 5000 lines per cm. How many maximum can be observed when a plane wave of wave
length 5500A° is made to incident on it? (n=4)
24. What are optical activity and specific rotation? Describe Laurent’s half shade polarimeter experiment to determine
specific rotation.
25. Using the concept of double refraction show that the plane polarized and circularly polarized light are the special
cases of elliptically polarized light.
26. A beam of plane polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light by passing it through a crystal slice of
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thickness 3×10 m. Calculate the difference in refractive indices of the two rays inside the crystal. Wave length of light
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is 600nm.(ans: 5×10 )
27. Plane polarized light is incident on a piece of quartz cut parallel to the axis. Find the least thickness for which the
ordinary and extra-ordinary rays combined to form plane polarized light. Given μ0=1.5442,μe=1.553 and ᨂ=5×10 cm.
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(ans:t=2.75×10 cm)
28. A 200mm long tube and containing 48cm3 of sugar solution produces an optical rotation 11° when placed on a
polarimeter. If the specific rotation of sugar solution is 66°, calculate the quantity of sugar contained in the tube in
the form of solution.(ans: 4gm)
29. A sugar solution in a tube of length 20cm produces optical rotation of 13°. The solution is then diluted to 1/3 of its
previous concentration. Find the optical rotation produced by 30cm long tube containing the diluted solution.(ans:
6.5°)
30. Find the specific rotation of a sample of sugar solution if the plane of polarization is turned through 46°. The length of
the tube containing 20% solution is 20cm.(ans: 115°)
31. A length of 25cm of a solution containing 50gm of solute per liter caused a rotation of the plane of polarization of
light by 5°. Find the rotation of plane of polarization by length of 75cm of a solution containing 100gm of solute per
liter.(ans:30°)
32. If the plane of vibration of the incident beam makes an angle of 30° with the optic axis, compare the intensities of
extra ordinary and ordinary light.(ans: Ie/Io=3)
33. A sugar solution produces an optical rotation of 9.9° when placed in a tube of length 20cm. If the specific rotation of
sugar is 66°, find the concentration of sugar in gram per liter. (ans: 75gm/liter)