Table of Contents

Topic 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Sports and The Olympics
Forming and Responding Yes-No Questions
Negative Yes-No Questions
Expressing Success and Difficulty
Olympic Sports
Topic 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
Weather and Natural Disaster
Adverbs of Manner
Prepositions of Manner
Natural Disasters
Weather Vocabulary and Idioms
Topic 3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Discovering The Truth
Adverbs of Degree
Expressing Pleasure and Displeasure
Truth and Lie Collocations and Idioms
Topic 4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
Getting Lost
Adverbs of Place
Asking and Giving Directions
Vocabulary
Topic 5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
I’m Not Feeling Well
Adverbs of Frequency
Saying You Are Unwell
Idioms for Sickness
Topic 6 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
How Does It Work?
Sequence Connectors
Conjunctions of Time
Putting Information or Events in Order
Expressions for Related Details
Clarifying Information
Summarizing Information
Focusing on Specific Details
Topic 7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
Dreams and the Paranormal
Imperative Sentence (Command)
Narrative Tenses
Telling A Story
Expressions for Recalling Things
Idioms about Memory
Topic 8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66
Final Exam Preparation
Grammar Test Question Examples

2
 Speaking Test Question Examples

Cetta English

Published : 2022
Writer : Edwina Araini Setiawan, Catharina Ng
Editors : Aurellia Jasmine Salsabila, Arief Hidayatullah

https://www.instagram.com/cettaenglish/

3
 Topic 1
Sports and The Olympics

A. Grammar Corner

In English, there are two basic types of questions: Yes-No questions and Wh- questions.
Yes-No questions are also called closed questions because there are only two possible
responses: Yes or No.

1. Forming yes-no questions

With an auxiliary verb

We form yes-no questions with an auxiliary verb (be, do or have) + subject + main verb or
with a modal verb + subject + main verb.

Verb Present Past

Be Is she working very hard? Were they traveling together?

Do Does that taste okay? Did you go to the concert?

Have Have they eaten yet? Had they visited Rome before?

Modal Could you help me lift this? Should I open the window?

Without an auxiliary verb

When we ask yes-no questions using the main verb be, we don’t use an auxiliary verb. The
word order is be + subject.

Example : Is the weather nice in Turkey in the winter?

: Was she angry when you told her about the accident?

When we ask yes-no questions using the main verb have, we can also use the word order
verb + subject, but it sounds rather formal. We use have got and do as more neutral or
informal alternatives.

Example : Have you an identity card? (excessively formal)

: Do you have an identity card? (neutral)
: Have you got an identity card? (informal)

2. Responding to yes-no questions

1 - informal answer

Other ways of saying yes and no include yeah, yep, mm, okay and nah, nope. These are
informal (only used in spoken English).

4
 A : Would you like to play tennis with me later?
B : Okay. (meaning yes)

A : Have you seen John?

B : Nope. (meaning no)

2 - adding more information

We can also give more than just a yes or no answer. We sometimes add more information.

A : Can I grow potatoes in a pot?

B : Yeah. They grow really well in pots.

A : Will you be going to Ryan’s party?

B : No. I’m actually going to be away on Friday night.

3 - answer that means yes or no

Sometimes we don’t use yes or no as a reply but the answer that we give means yes or
no.

A : Do you know John Doe?

B : We've known each other for years. We went to the same school. (meaning yes)

A : Do you have The Beatles latest album?

B : I’m afraid we’ve just sold the last one! (meaning no)

4 - using auxiliary verb

We sometimes respond using the auxiliary verb from the question instead of yes and no.

A : Hey Tim, did you go fishing today?

B : I did. I went with the boys.

A : Has Jason had breakfast?

B : He hasn’t. He’s still in bed.

3. Negative yes-no questions

We usually use negative yes-no questions to check or confirm something we believe or

expect to be the case, or when we consider that something is the best thing to do. We form
negative yes-no questions with not and use the contraction n’t. If we use not in its full form,
the question sounds very formal.

Example : Isn’t that Anna’s car? (= I’m pretty sure that this is correct. I’m asking for
confirmation.
: Shouldn’t we be leaving? (= I think that we should leave now.)
: Is that not the oldest building on this street? (formal)

We can also use negative yes-no questions to make invitations, offers and complaints
stronger.

5
Example : Won’t you stay for dinner? (invitation; stronger than “Will you stay for
dinner?”)
: Wouldn’t you like another coffee? (offer; stronger than “Would you like
another coffee?”)
: Can’t the manager do something about the noise? (complaint; stronger
than “Can the manager do something about the noise?”)

B. Vocabularies & Expressions

1. Expressing Success

a. Confused Words

The Different Word Classes of Success

Success Noun She is a success

Succeed Verb She succeeded in business

Successful Adjective She is a successful businesswoman

Successfully Adverb She runs her business successfully

b. Idioms and Expressions of Success

● Come a long way;

Made a lot of progress.
● A howling success;
Is something a little bit unexpected, something that soars and takes off
with record sales.
● It’s in the bag;
It’s a done deal. You are certain that you are going to get or achieve
something.
● Rags to riches;
A successful person who started from nothing, very popular in news
articles and success stories.
● Nailed it;
When you succeed at something, usually very informal.
● Turned it around;
Going from bad to good, from a failure to a success.
● Hit the jackpot;
Have a great ot unexpected success, especially in making a lot of money
quickly; to find exactly what you desire.
● With flying colors;
Excel; pass a test or an exam easily or very successfully.
● Rise to the occasion;
Show that you can deal with a difficult situation successfully.

6
 ● Third time’s a charm;
Two attempts at something have already failed but perhaps the third will
be successful.

2. Expressing Difficulty

a. Difficult vs Hard vs Tough

In some cases, the words difficult, hard, and tough mean the same. In this context, difficult is
the most formal, followed by hard and then tough (casual).

Example : The exam was difficult.

: The exam was hard.
: The exam was tough.

However, in other cases, these words do not mean the same thing.

Example : The chair was hard.

: The chair was tough.
: The chair was difficult. (This is incorrect because a chair cannot be
difficult).

Difficult vs Hard vs Tough

Difficult - Needing much effort or skill to accomplish, deal with, or

understand;
- Characterized by or causing hardships or problems;
- (Of a person) not easy to please or satisfy.

Hard - Solid, firm, and resistant to pressure; not easily broken, bent, or
pierced;
- (Of a person) not showing any signs of weakness; tough;
- (Of information) reliable, especially because based on something
true or substantiated;
- Requiring a great deal of endurance or effort; putting a lot of
energy into an activity;
- Difficult to bear; causing suffering;
- Difficult to understand or solve;
- Not showing sympathy or affection; strict.

Tough - (Of a substance or object) strong enough to withstand adverse

conditions;
- (Of a person or animal) able to endure hardship or pain; able to
protect one’s own interest or maintain one’s own opinions without
being intimidated by opposition/confident and determined;
- (Of an area) notorious for violence and crime;
- (Of food, especially meat) difficult to cut or chew
- Used to express sympathy with someone in an unpleasant or
difficult situation.

b. Idioms and Expressions of Difficulties

7
 ● Take the plunge;
To decide to do something you’ve been thinking about or you’ve been
putting off for a while.
● Raise the bar;
To set your target on something that you might find difficult to achieve.
● No end in sight;
The point at which the problem(s) will be over is not known.
● A setback;
A problem that has arisen when you thought things were going along quite
smoothly.
● Teething problems;
Short-term insignificant difficulties that occur at the start of something
new.
● Blow up in your face;
Something that completely fails.
● Cut your losses (and run);
Accepting that you lost and try to move away from a failing project.
● In hot water;
In need of help; in trouble.
● Head (go) south;
Decline; get worse.
● An uphill climb;
A difficult process.
● Red tape;
Difficult bureaucratic or governmental requirements.

3. Olympic Sports

There are many events in the Olympics. The tables below list the most popular modern
events in the Summer and Winter Olympics.

Summer Olympics

Equestrian Tennis Hurdles Basketball

Wrestling Athletics Boxing Diving

8
 Swimming Marathon Fencing Gymnastics

Volleyball Hockey Rowing Track

Winter Olympics

Downhill Skiing Ice Hockey Curling Figure Skating

Biathlon Skeleton Snowboarding Speed Skating

Bobsledding Luge Ski Jumping Cross Country

Skiing

4. Reading Comprehension

9
 THE OLYMPIC GAMES
Source: https://www.englishclub.com/esl-articles/olympic-games.htm

Origins
The ancient Greeks first had the idea of getting men together every four years to hold and
witness sporting events (in those days women did not participate, though they had their own,
independent, events). The idea was to have the best athletes from all over Greece gather in
one field and compete every four years. All wars and fighting had to stop while the athletes
and their supporters came together in the town of Olympia for a few days to compete in a
few events, mostly related to warfare (throwing the javelin, running, wrestling, boxing and
chariot racing).

The first written reference to the Games is 776 BC. They lasted until 389 AD. The idea of
having the modern Games was suggested in the mid 19th century but they weren't a world
event until 1896. Besides being postponed because of wars, they have been held since then
every four years in different cities around the world.

Symbols
The Olympic Games have many important symbols that most people recognize. The five
rings that appear on the Olympic flag (coloured yellow, green, blue, black and red) were
introduced in 1914. They represent the five continents of Africa, the Americas, Australia,
Asia and Europe. The flag is raised in the host city and then flown to the next one where it is
kept until the next Games. The Olympic torch, a major part of the ancient Games, was
brought back in 1928 and is carried with great fanfare and publicity to the host city where it
lights the burning flame of the Games. It is kept burning until the close of the Games. The
torch symbolizes purity, the drive for perfection and the struggle for victory.

Music
The rousing Olympic anthem is simply named "Olympic Music" by John Williams, who wrote
it for the 1984 Olympics, held in Los Angeles. What you hear first are the forty or so notes
played on horns which form the "Bugler's Dream" (also called "Olympic Fanfare") by Leo
Arnaud, first played in the 1968 Games.

The torch, fanfare and flag are clearly evident in the Opening Ceremony, when everyone
formally welcomes the participants and the Games can begin. Here we find the dramatic and
colorful March of Nations, in which all the athletes from each country go into the venue to the
sound of their country's anthem and march behind their flags, thus becoming representatives
of their countries.

Athlete’s Oath
One part of the Opening Ceremony that tries to keep the spirit of the Games and
sportsmanship alive is when one athlete, representing all those participating, takes the
Athlete's Oath:

"In the name of all the competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic
Games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the true spirit of
sportsmanship, for the glory of sport, and the honor of our teams."

10
Medals
In the ancient Games, only the winner was celebrated. Each winner was given a simple
crown of olive leaves to wear on his head. This was the only reward for his victory. Those
who came in second or third got nothing. Interestingly, when the Games started again in
1896, silver medals were given to the first place winners. Later in 1904 in the St. Louis
Games, gold was the top prize. Now, of course we have gold for first place, silver for second
and bronze for third.

Motto
The Olympics' official motto is "Citius, Altius, Fortius". This is Latin for "Swifter, Higher,
Stronger". This is said to represent the Olympic spirit, supposed to be present throughout the
Games and generally held to be a celebration of brotherhood, competition, sportsmanship,
goodwill and peace. The Games help us see how similar we are, and help us celebrate our
humanity.

C. Practice

5. Read and choose the correct answer!

a. When did the Olympic Games begin?

▢ 776 BC ▢ 389 AD ▢ 1896
b. Which of the following was not an original sport in the Olympic Games?
▢ javelin ▢ running ▢ skating
c. What do the colored rings on the Olympic flag represent?
▢ 5 continents ▢ 5 medals ▢ 5 sports
d. Which of the following things does the Olympic torch NOT represent?
▢ victory ▢ purity ▢ heat
e. Which one of the following is part of the Opening Ceremonies?
▢ the victory dance ▢ the March of Nations ▢ the first competition
f. In the Athlete’s Oath, what do the competitors promise to do?
▢ obey the rules ▢ honor the families ▢ remember past
Olympiads
g. What did the winner receive in the ancient Games?
▢ a gold medal ▢ a silver medal ▢ a crown of leaves
h. The Games are meant to teach humanity how _____ we all are.
▢ different ▢ similar ▢ athletic

6. Answer the questions!

a. What do you think are the main purposes of the Olympic games?

11
_________________________________________________________________________
b. Would you like to compete in the Olympics? Why or why not?
_________________________________________________________________________
c. Who is your favorite Olympic athlete? Why do you like him/her?
_________________________________________________________________________
d. If you could add a new sport to the Olympics, what would that sport be?
_________________________________________________________________________
e. How do you think the Olympic games could be changed for the better?
_________________________________________________________________________

7. Breakout Room!

Divide yourselves into teams of 2 persons. Ask your partner what their favorite sport
is using yes-no questions only! You have to obtain as many details as possible from
your partner and present your partner’s favorite sport to the class after.

D. Vocabulary Bank

Adjectives To Describe Sports

Challenging Menatang Healthy Sehat

Dangerous Berbahaya Relaxing Menenangkan

Enjoyable Menyenangkan Risky Beresiko

Exciting Menyeronokkan Thrilling Mendebarkan

Frightening Menakutkan Tiring Melelahkan

Frustrating Menjengkelkan Unsafe Tidak Aman

Olympics Games Vocabulary

Amateur Amatir Postpone Menunda

Anthem Lagu Kebangsaan Preliminaries Persiapan

Athlete Olahragawan Promote Promosi

Banned Dilarang Purity Kesucian

Broadcaster Penyiar Qualify Layak

Compete Bersaing Quest Misi

Contestant Peserta Representative Perwakilan

12
Controversy Perdebatan Security Keamanan

Doping Doping Spectator Penonton

Dedication Dedikasi Spokesman Juru Bicara

Facilities Fasilitas Sportsmanship Sikap Sportif

Fanfare Kehebohan Stamina Daya Tahan

Honor Penghormatan Standings Klasemen

Host Tuan Rumah Sterling Bermutu

Humanity Kemanusiaan Struggle Perjuangan

Interconnect Menghubungkan Substitute Pengganti

Medal Medali Swifter Lebih Gesit

Motto Moto Symbolize Melambangkan

Nationality Kebangsaan Torch Obor

Oath Sumpah Venue Tempat

Participant Peserta/Pemain Victory Kemenangan

Partisanship Keberpihakan Youth Anak Muda

13
 Topic 2
Weather and Natural Disaster

A. Grammar Corner

1. Adverbs of Manner

An adverb of manner tells us how something happens or how you do an action.

Example : They dress elegantly.

: Some elderly people drive slowly.
: She works very hard.

Adverbs of manner are really useful because they let us add a lot of extra details to
descriptions, to make what we say more interesting and dynamic to the listener or reader.

How to create an adverb of manner

1 - adding -ly to the adjective

To make adverbs of manner, we usually add -ly to the adjective. For example:
● quick → quickly
● careful → carefully
● sudden → suddenly

When the adjective ends in -y, we change the -y to -i then add -ly. For example:
● happy → happily
● greedy → greedily
● easy → easily

2 - replacing with -y at the end

If the adjective ends with -le, we can replace the -e at the end with -y. For example:
● Understandable → understandably
● Forcible → forcibly
● Possible → possibly

3 - adding -ally to the adjective

When the adjective ends with -ic, we can add -ally to the adjective. For example:
● Idiotic → idiotically
● Tragic → tragically
● Basic → Basically

However, there is an exception to this rule. For the word public, we can only add -ly to the
adjective.
● Public → publicly

14
 4 - using the phrase in a … way

If an adjective already ends in -ly, we use the phrase in a … way to express manner. For
example:
● Silly → He behaved in a silly way.
● Friendly → She spoke in a friendly way.

5 - same form as adjectives

Some common manner of adverbs have the same form as adjectives and they have
similar meanings. For example:
● Fast → I was never a fast swimmer. (adjective)
→ Driving fast is dangerous. (adverb)
● Wrong → All your answers were wrong. (adjective)
→ People always spell my name wrong. (adverb)
● Right → Is that the right time? (adjective)
→ That builder never does anything right! (adverb)
● Straight → My hair is straight. (adjective)
→ Let’s go straight to the airport. (adverb)

*NOTE:
In a large number of cases, the adverb can be formed by simply adding -ly to the
adjective. However, the adverb formed from good is well.

Position of an adverb of manner in a sentence

An adverb of manner is usually placed either after the main verb or after the object. It cannot
be put between a verb and its direct object. The adverb must be placed before the verb or at
the end of the clause.

✅
✅
Example : He ate the chocolate cake greedily.

❌
: He greedily ate the chocolate cake.
: He ate greedily the chocolate cake.

: He gave us the money generously. ✅

: He generously gave us the money. ✅
: He gave us generously the money. ❌

If there is a preposition before the verb’s object, we can place the adverb of manner either
before the preposition or after the object.

Example : The child ran happily towards his mother.

: The child ran towards his mother happily.

Adverbs of manner should always come immediately after verbs which have no object
(intransitive verbs).

Example : The town grew quickly after 1997.

15
 : He waited patiently for his mother to arrive.

The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence. If
the adverb is placed before or after the main verb, it modifies only that verb. If the adverb is
placed after a clause, then it modifies the whole action described by the clause. Notice the
difference in meaning between the following sentences.

Example Meaning

She quickly agreed to re-type the letter. the agreement is quick

She agreed quickly to re-type the letter. the agreement is quick

She agreed to re-type the letter quickly. the re-typing is quick

He quietly asked me to leave the house. the request is quiet

He asked me quietly to leave the house. the request is quiet

He asked me to leave the house quietly. the leaving is quiet

2. Prepositions of Manner

Prepositions of manner express the way something happens or how a certain thing
happened or is done.

Preposition of Method

Preposition of manner or method shows in which method or manner something is done. The
most famous prepositions that are used as prepositions of manner are by, with, like, as, and
in.

1 - by

The most common preposition of manner is by. We use by when we talk about how an
action happens. By is used for showing in what way something is done. It is usually
followed by a gerund or a noun.

Example:
● By expressing your emotions, you can have a healthy relationship.

2 - like

Like as a preposition of method shows the method with which something is done.

Example:
● He’s acting like there’s nothing wrong with lying.
● Don’t look at me like that.

16
 3 - as

As plus a noun means in the role of. It shows the method with which a particular
thing was performed.

Example:
● I dressed as Batman for Halloween.
● He works as a chef.

4 - with/without

This preposition indicates our manner during the action.

Example:
● She confessed with courage.
● They finished the work without complaints.

5 - in

In can also be used as a preposition of manner usually with languages or how something
is spoken or written.

Example:
● Helge wrote the letter in Swedish.
● Sorry, I can’t help you now. I’m in a hurry.

Preposition of Instrument and Device

Preposition of the instrument is used to show with the help of which or what object,
something is done. The most important prepositions that are used as the prepositions of
instruments are by, with, and on.

1 - by

By is also used to talk about means of transportation, and the passive voice.

Example:
● I always go to work by car.
● All the books on the shelf were written by the same author.

2 - with/without

With talks about objects or instruments that are used to achieve something. It also shows
how something is done and is often followed by a noun.

Example:
● Cut the butter with this special knife.

17
3 - on

On is another preposition of manner which expresses the method with which something
was done.

Example:
● Can I work on my essay on your laptop?
● Dina came on her bike.

B. Vocabularies & Expressions

1. Natural Disasters

Tornado Volcano Earthquake Tsunami

Drought Avalanche Dust Storm Forest Fire

Thunderstorm Snowstorm Hurricane Windstorm

Hailstorm Flood Sinkhole Landslide

2. 15 Essential Words About Weather

Cloudy (adjective) Cold (adjective) Cool (adjective)

Foggy (adjective) Freezing (adjective) Hail (noun;verb)

18
 Hot (adjective) Hurricane (noun) Lightning (noun)

Rain (noun;verb) Snow (noun;verb) Storm (noun)

Sunny (adjective) Thunder (noun) Windy (adjective)

3. Idioms about Weather

a. It’s raining cats and dogs;

Used when it is raining heavily outside, during a heavy period of rainfall or
during a storm.
b. Head in the clouds;
Used to describe someone being overly-optimistic about a situation or to
have unrealistic ideas about something.
c. Snowed under;
When you have too much work to do or to have a lot of things to deal with
at once.
d. Under the weather;
To describe feeling unwell or minor illnesses that are not life threatening. It
can sometimes be used when you feel overly-exhausted after a long day
or night.
e. Come rain or shine;
To say that something will be done regardless of whatever happens.

C. Practice

1. Use 15 words about the weather and fill in the blanks.

cloudy cold cool foggy freezing hail hot hurricane

lightning rain snow storm sunny thunder windy

a. I can see the sun today. It is a __________ day.

b. There is ice on the road. It's __________.
c. Of course, you need __________ to make a snowman.
d. I use an umbrella when it __________s.
e. It's always warm and __________ in summer.
f. Be careful when you drive a car in __________ weather. It's difficult to see.
g. Gray, __________ weather makes me feel a little sad. I prefer sunny weather.
h. Remember to wear your jacket. It's not freezing outside, but it's __________.
i. Can you hear that? I think it's __________.
j. The weather isn't warm today, but it's not cold. I guess you could say it's
__________.
k. __________ is frozen rain that is hard and white.
l. You can see the grass and trees move when it's __________ outside.
m. A __________ is any kind of bad, windy weather with rain, lightning, thunder,
or snow.

19
 n. __________ can kill people. It's a kind of electricity in the air that happens
during a storm.
o. A __________ is a kind of large storm with lots of rain and strong winds.

2. Read the message board and answer the following questions!

We asked our readers to send in their views on these two questions:

● Do you think there are more natural disasters than in the past?
● Do you think we are prepared to deal with the disaster?

Sarah - “I think it’s really scary that there are so many natural disasters these days. There
are far more than in the past. Every time you switch on the news you see places that are
flooded or countries in drought. I’m sure it’s all connected to climate change and global
warming.’’

James - “ We hear so many natural disasters on the news these days that you become
immune to them. I don’t mean that in a horrible way, but it always seems so far away and
there’s absolutely nothing you can do to help the poor people who are there. ”

Cindy - ‘’The hurricanes and earthquakes that have happened in the past month just
prove how unprepared we are for natural disasters. It’s crazy that with all the technology
and information available to us nowadays natural disasters still kill so many people. They
should spend more money on research to develop warning systems for hurricanes, floods,
earthquakes and tsunamis.”

Roger - “You can’t prepare for natural disasters as nobody knows when or where they are
going to happen. It’s nature’s way of reminding us that she is in charge and we should
respect her a lot more than we do.“

a. Who do you agree with?

_________________________________________________________________________
b. Who do you disagree with?
_________________________________________________________________________
c. How would you answer the two questions? Write your answer in the box
below (minimum 4 sentences).

3. Read and answer True or False!

MADAGASCAR - WHEN TO GO
Source: https://www.examenglish.com/A2/A2_reading_weather.htm

20
Madagascar has two seasons, a warm, wet season from November to April, and a cooler dry
season between May and October. However, different parts of the country have very
different weather. The east coast is hotter and wetter, with up to 4000mm of rainfall per year.
In the rainy season, there are strong winds, and these can cause a lot of damage. Avoid
visiting eastern Madagascar between January and March because the weather can make
road travel very difficult. The dry season is cooler and more pleasant.

The high, central part of the country is much drier and cooler. About 1,400 mm of rain falls in
the rainy season, with some thunderstorms, but the summer is usually sunny and dry, but it
can be cold, especially in the mornings, with freezing showers, and it may snow in mountain
areas above 2,400m, and even stay there for several days. The west coast is the driest part
of the island. Here, the winter months are pleasant with little rain, cooler temperatures and
blue skies. The summers can be extremely hot, especially in the southwest. This part of the
country is semi-desert, and only gets around 300mm of rain per year.

a. Madagascar has four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and T/F

winter.

b. There is more rain in January than in June. T/F

c. The wet season is colder than the dry season. T/F

d. It hardly ever rains in central Madagascar. T/F

e. The wettest part of the island is the east. T/F

f. January-March is a good time to visit eastern Madagascar. T/F

g. The center of Madagascar is the coldest part. T/F

h. Snow sometimes falls in Madagascar. T/F

i. The west coast has the best weather in December. T/F

j. The north-east is hotter than the south-east. T/F

4. Listen and fill in the blanks.

https://bit.ly/3HHNksc

a. Welcome to the weather forecast. Now, let's see what the weather is
__________ today.

21
 b. In the north of the country it's very windy and cold. There is a __________ of
some rain too, so don't leave home without your umbrella!
c. The temperature is around 10 __________ centigrade.
d. In the east it's rainy all day today, I'm afraid. There may be a thunderstorm in
the afternoon. The __________ is a bit higher, at around 13 degrees.
e. In the west and middle of the country the weather is dry __________ cloudy.
f. The south of the country has the __________ weather today. It's cloudy most
of the time but sunny this afternoon.

D. Vocabulary Bank

Natural Disasters

Avalanche Salju Longsor Landslide Tanah Longsor

Blizzard Badai Salju Ekstrem Sandstorm Badai Pasir

Cold Wave Gelombang Dingin Sinkhole Lubang Runtuhan

Drought Kekeringan Snowstorm Badai Salju

Dust Storm Badai Debu Thunderstorm Badai Petir

Earthquake Gempa Bumi Tornado Angin Puyuh

Flood Banjir Tsunami Bencana Tsunami

Forest Fire Kebakaran Hutan Volcano Gunung Merapi

Hailstorm Badai Es Wildfire Kebakaran Liar

Hurricane Badai Topan Windstorm Angin Ribut

Weather

Blustery Angin Kencang Hail Hujan Es

Breeze Angin Sepoi-sepoi Lightning Petir

Clear Cerah Overcast Mendung

Cloudy Berawan Rainbow Pelangi

Cool Sejuk Showers Hujan Lebat

Downpour Hujan Deras Sleet Hujan Es

Drizzle Gerimis Snow Salju

Foggy Berkabut Snowflake Serpihan Salju

Forecast Ramalan Cuaca Storm Badai

Freezing Sangat Dingin Thunder Guntur

22
 Gale Angin Kencang Warm Hangat

Gloomy Mendung Windy Berangin

Affected Region Wilayah Terpengaruh Injured Terluka

Aid Bantuan Medical Medis

Casualty Korban Missing Hilang

Catastrophe Bencana Reconstruct Merekonstruksi

Crisis Krisis Relief Pertolongan

Cyclone Siklon Rescue Team Tim Penyelamat

Devastate Menghancurkan Rescuer Penyelamat

Disaster Musibah Survivor Orang yang Selamat

Fire Fighters Pemadam Kebakaran Tragedy Malapetaka

Infrastructure Prasarana Victim Korban

23
 Topic 3
Discovering The Truth

A. Grammar Corner

1. Adverbs of Degree

Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity of something. They are usually placed before
the adjective, adverb, or verb that they modify, although there are some exceptions. Adverbs
of degree can be split into two groups: adverbs that intensify the degree of something and
adverbs that weaken the degree of something. Adverbs that increase, or intensify, the
meaning include words such as very, totally, completely, and absolutely. Whereas adverbs
that decrease or weaken the degree of meaning include words such as fairly, quite, slightly,
and a bit.

Adverb of Degree Modifying Example

extremely adjective The water was extremely cold.

quite adjective The movie is quite interesting.

just verb He was just leaving.

almost verb She has almost finished.

very adverb She is running very fast.

too adverb You are walking too slowly.

enough adverb You are running fast enough.

*NOTE:
There is a big difference in meaning between too and very. Very expresses a fact while
too suggests there is a problem.

Example : He speaks very quickly.

: He speaks too quickly for me to understand.
: It is very hot outside.
: It is too hot outside to go for a walk.

The following table shows how strongly adverbs of degree modify the adverbs and
adjectives:
Mild Medium Strong Absolute

a little fairly remarkably totally

a bit pretty awfully utterly
slightly quite extremely completely
rather highly absolutely
somewhat terribly entirely
a lot perfectly

24
 really thoroughly
incredibly
particularly
deeply
enormously
greatly
lots
most
strongly
very

Weakening the meaning

There are times in English when we want to specifically describe our use of an adjective or
adverb. For instance, we may wish to express that we are quite nervous or a bit cold. This
is more exact than just saying I’m nervous or I’m cold. The adverbs in this category are all
used in the same way. The position of the adverb is before the adjective or adverb.

[adverb] [adjective]
Example : Tom is rather quiet.
[adverb] [adverb]
: Tom walks rather quickly.

Some other commonly used adverbs to weaken the meaning are a bit, fairly, pretty, quite,
rather, slightly, and somewhat.

Intensifying the meaning (gradable and ungradable adjectives)

There are many adverbs that intensify, or make the meaning stronger. For grammatical
reasons, we need to separate these adverbs into two groups. Our choice of adverb depends
on whether the adjective (which the adverb is intensifying) is gradable or ungradable.
For example, ‘hot’ is a gradable adjective, but ‘boiling’ is ungradable. Hence, we can say It is
very hot AND It is absolutely boiling, but NOT It is very boiling. The tables below give
further examples of gradable and ungradable adjectives and the intensifiers used with them.

Common gradable adjectives and some modifiers that we can use with them:
Mild Medium Strong Absolute

Explanation Most adjectives are gradable. This means we can have different levels of
that quality.

Example:
● I am a bit cold.
● I am very cold.
● I am extremely cold.

Modifiers a little/a bit pretty/quite really/very extremely

(mild) (medium) (strong) (absolute)

25
 Adjectives angry, big, boring, cheap, cold, expensive, frightening, funny, hot,
interesting, old, pretty, small, tasty, tired, etc.

Common ungradable adjectives and some modifiers that we can use with them:
Absolute Extreme

Explanation Something can't be a bit finished or Adjectives like amazing, awful and
very finished. You can't be a bit boiling already contain the idea of
dead or very dead. These 'very' in their definitions.
adjectives describe absolute
qualities.

Modifiers absolutely/totally/completely absolutely/really

Adjectives acceptable, dead, destroyed, amazing, ancient, awful, boiling,

finished, free, impossible, delicious, enormous, excellent,
necessary, perfect, ruined, exhausted, fascinating, freezing,
unacceptable, etc. gorgeous, terrible, terrifying, tiny,
etc.

2. Expressing Pleasure and Displeasure

If we are pleased with something, we can use the following expressions:

It is delightful I had a splendid time
(marvelous/fascinating/enjoyable).

Great. Fantastic.

That’s wonderful I’m very pleased with it.

I’m delighted to hear that. It gives me pleasure. That’s great!

It’s a pleasure! Oh what a pleasant……!

If we are displeased with something, we can use the following expressions:

I can’t stand with…… I’m really displeased with……

I’m disappointed with…… What a terrible……!

It’s a shame. That’s too bad.

I really hate…… It makes me annoyed.

B. Vocabularies & Expressions

1. Truth and Lie Collocations

Truth Collocations

26
To tell the truth; To learn the truth;
- Tell me the truth. Did you break the - I’ve got to learn the truth about my
vase? family.

To find out the truth; To accept the truth;

- When did you find out the truth? - It may be hard to accept the sad
Recently. truth.

To hide the truth;

- Don’t try to hide the truth. The truth will out (used for saying that people will find out
the truth about something, even if you try to keep it a secret).

Lie Collocations

To tell a lie; To swallow a lie;

- Don’t tell me lies! - How could she swallow (believe)
such a blatant lie?

To live a lie;
- He lived a lie for 20 years, pretending to be the faithful husband of two different
women living in two different towns.

2. Truth and Lie Idioms

Truth Idioms

If truth be told/known in to be honest; If truth be told, I’ve never

truth (formal) frankly speaking really loved him

In truth, the lecture could be

better.

Nothing could be further it’s a complete lie A: He is a bad person.

from the truth B: Nothing could be further
from the truth! He is the best
person I’ve ever known.

Economical with the truth avoiding telling the truth; I admit I’ve been economical
(humorous) lying with the truth.

To have a/the ring of truth to seem to be true A: Do you believe his story?
B: It has the ring of truth.

To spill the beans to tell someone something, Come one, spill the beans.
often something that should Are you organizing a
be kept secret surprise party?

Spill the guts tell me everything you know You’re in big trouble, so spill
(American slang) (about something) the guts!

Honesty is the best policy it’s always better to be Honesty is the best policy.
honest Just tell them what you

27
 really think.

In all honesty to tell you the truth, I can’t, in all honesty, say
(colloquial) especially when the truth is that I like your singing.
not something pleasant to
hear

In (all) fairness used for making your I should say in all fairness to
criticism of someone or him that he’s not the most
something seem less strong prominent scientist.

To come clean to tell the truth about You need to come clean
something that you have about/over/on your plans.
kept a secret
Come clean with me!

Lie Idioms

To throw dust in one’s to mislead or deceive Don’t even try to throw dust
eyes somebody in my eyes! I see right
through you.

To pull the wool over to deceive, trick somebody It’s so typical of him to try to
somebody’s eyes pull the wool over people’s
eyes. Don’t trust him!

Funny business dishonest actions or If you see any funny

behavior intended to trick business, report to the
somebody authorities.

Monkey business behavior that is not The teacher suspected that

acceptable or is dishonest there had been some
monkey business going on
while he was out of the
room.

To lie through one’s teeth to tell somebody a complete He’s lying through his teeth!
lie Don’t you see?

To take somebody for a to cheat or swindle They won’t take me for a

ride somebody (to get money ride! I know what they are
dishonestly from somebody up to.
by deceiving or cheating
them)

Smoke and mirrors behavior or information The new budget is nothing

designed to hide the truth but smoke and mirrors.
about a situation or create a
false impression

To stretch the truth to say something that is not Don’t stretch the truth about
completely honest in order how you got the A on the
to make somebody or test.
something seem better than

28
 it really is

To bend the truth/the facts to say something that is not We all sometimes bend the
completely true in order to truth, don’t we?
achieve an aim

To play games to try to deceive somebody She’s just playing games.

Her words mean nothing.

C. Practice

1. Watch the video and answer the questions.

Kids Learn To Lie About Eating Sweets - The Secret Life of 4, 5 & 6 Year Olds
https://youtu.be/wJCRzgAPwE4

a. The children say that the chocolate cake was touched by……
● both people and animals.
● other people.
● some animals.
b. The psychologist says that lying is important because it shows that children
can……
● escape dangerous situations.
● learn skills for their future work.
● understand other people.
c. The psychologists agree that four-year-olds are usually……
● not able to lie.
● very skilled liars.
● very subtle liars.
d. When asked about the sweets on the floor, the four-year-old blonde boy (Elie)
accepts……
● all the responsibility.
● none of the responsibility.
● partial responsibility.
e. After the six-year-olds eat the sweets, they feel……
● a sense of panic.
● confident that they can invent lies.
● wonderful.
f. The psychologist says that the six-year-olds have learned that lying is……
● a group effort.

29
 ● very easy.
● wrong but necessary.
g. When asked about the sweets on the floor, one of the six-year-old boys
accepts……
● all the responsibility.
● none of the responsibility.
● partial responsibility.
h. The two psychologists agree that when children learn to lie, the parents will
probably have……
● a sense of happiness.
● a sense of worry.
● mixed feelings.

2. Match the definitions (a-h) with the vocabulary (i-viii).

a. included in a plan to do something wrong

b. to be identified as the person who did something wrong
c. to find a solution after thinking
d. to be the person who caused a certain problem or mistake
e. to enter a place in a quiet, secret way
f. able to find solutions to problems, even when in a new situation
g. prepared dishonest way, so that a certain result will happen
h. to escape punishment for having done something wrong

i. to sneak in
ii. to work out
iii. rigged
iv. to be somebody's fault
v. to get caught
vi. resourceful
vii. complicit
viii. to get away with it

3. Kahoot!

Students should go to kahoot.it on their phones or laptop. Wait for the tutor to
announce the game key.

4. Answer the questions!

a. What was the last lie you told? When was it? Why did you do so?
_________________________________________________________________________
b. How do you feel when you tell a lie?
_________________________________________________________________________
c. Is it ok to tell lies?
_________________________________________________________________________

30
 d. What is a white lie? Do you think it’s good or bad?
_________________________________________________________________________
e. What’s the biggest lie you have ever told? Was it ever discovered?
_________________________________________________________________________
f. Who lies more, men or women? Why is it so?
_________________________________________________________________________
g. Can you tell when people are telling lies? How?
_________________________________________________________________________

5. Let’s play ‘Two Truths and A Lie’!

How to play:

a. Each student writes down three sentences about themselves (facts, life
experiences etc.), two of which are true and one of which is a lie. They must
be things the rest of the class doesn’t know!
b. Students take turns reading aloud their sentences and answering questions
about them, as if they were all true.
c. The other students have to guess which one is the lie. With larger groups you
could take votes and keep score of how many people each person manages
to fool.

D. Vocabulary Bank

Authentic Asli Impostor Penyamar

Betray Mengkhianati Integrity Integritas
Candid Terbuka Liar Pembohong
Con Menipu Misleading Menyesatkan
Conceal Menyembunyikan Mistrust Tidak Mempercayai
Cunning Licik Pretence Kepura-puraan
Deceit Kebohongan Sincere Tulus
Deceitful Tidak Jujur Sly Licik
Deceiving Membohongi Swindle Menipu
Deception Penipuan Traitor Pengkhianat
Dishonest Tidak Jujur Transparency Transparansi
Pengkhianatan
Disloyal Tidak Setia Treason
Negara
Distrust Ketidakpercayaan Trust Kepercayaan
Dupe Menipu Trustful Penuh Kepercayaan
Faith Keyakinan Trustworthy Dapat Dipercaya

31
 Fib Kebohongan Sepele Truth Kebenaran
Fool Mengelabui Truthful Jujur
Genuine Tulus Unfaithful Tidak Setia
Honorable Terhormat Upright Benar dan Lurus
Hypocrite Munafik White Lie Kebohongan Kecil

32
 Topic 4
Getting Lost

A. Grammar Corner

1. Adverbs of Place

Adverbs of place tell us where something happens. Adverbs of place are usually placed after
the main verb or after the clause that they modify. Adverbs of place do not modify adjectives
or other adverbs. Some examples of adverbs of place: here, everywhere, outside, away,
around.

Example : John looked around but he couldn't see the monkey.

: I searched everywhere I could think of.
: They built a house nearby.

Here and there

Here and there are common adverbs of place. They give a location relative to the speaker.
With verbs of movement, here means "towards or with the speaker" and there means "away
from, or not with the speaker".

Sentence Meaning

Come here! Come towards me

The table is in here Come with me; we will go see it together

Put it there Put it in a place away from me

The table is in there Go in; you can see it by yourself

Here and there are combined with prepositions to make many common adverbial phrases.

Example : What are you doing up there?

: Come over here and look at what I found!
: The baby is hiding down there under the table.

Here and there are placed at the beginning of the sentence in exclamations or when
emphasis is needed. They are followed by the verb if the subject is a noun or by a pronoun if
the subject is a pronoun.

Example : There goes the bell!

: There it is!
: Here they are!

Adverbs of place ending in -where

33
Adverbs of place that end in -where express the idea of location without specifying a specific
location or direction.

Example : I would like to go somewhere warm for my vacation.

: Is there anywhere I can find a perfect plate of spaghetti around here?
: I have nowhere to go.

Adverbs of place ending in -wards

Adverbs of place that end in -wards express movement in a particular direction.

Example : Cats don't usually walk backwards.

: The ship sailed westwards.
: The balloon drifted upwards.

*WARNING
Towards is a preposition, not an adverb, so it is always followed by a noun or a
pronoun.

Example : He walked towards the car.

: She ran towards me.

Adverbs of place expressing both movement and location

Some adverbs of place express both movement and location at the same time.

Example : The child went indoors.

: He lived and worked abroad.
: Water always flows downhill.
: The wind pushed us sideways.

B. Vocabularies & Expressions

1. Asking and Giving Directions

The most important words and phrases that can help you give and ask for directions are:
Between in the middle of two things

Next to to the side of something

Behind at the back of something

In front of opposite

Near in a close position

Far in a distant position

On the corner the angle where two roads meet

34
 Left on the west side or direction

Right on the east side or direction

Straight (on/ahead) stay on this road

Example : Go straight ahead until you reach the traffic lights

: You’ll see a bank on the left.

Asking for directions

When you ask for directions, remember above all to be polite. So start by saying one of the
following phrases:
– Hello. Can you help me, please?
– Good morning. May I ask for some help?
– Excuse me, could you help?

Once you have someone’s attention, you can ask for help to reach your destination. You can
do that by using one of these phrases:
– Could you tell me how to get to the bank?
– Do you know where the museum is?
– We can’t find the subway station. Is it near here?
– Where can we find a park near here?

If you’re not sure you’re going in the right direction, you can make sure by asking:
– Are we on the right road to the city center?
– Is this the right way to the mall?
– What’s the best way to get to the airport?

Giving directions

These are some common phrases you can use to give directions:
Go past… Go along…
- Go past the cinema (pass the - Go along this road
cinema)

Go straight on/ahead… Go through…

- Go straight on until you see a big - Go through the tunnel
tree (stay on this road, don’t turn)

At the roundabout… Turn left/right…

- At the roundabout, take the first exit - Turn left at the crossroads

Take… It’s on…

- Take the second right - It’s on your right

You’ll see… You’ll pass…

- You’ll see a post office on your left - You’ll pass a bakery on your right

35
 2. Vocabulary

a. Step in the right direction;

An action or decision that is considered indicative of positive progress.
b. Go in a different direction;
To do something different; to take a different or unexpected approach to
something.
c. Go in the right direction;
To proceed in a manner indicative of positive progress.
d. Point someone in the right direction;
To give one advice or information that helps guide them toward a
desired outcome or course of action.
e. Wind up;
To find yourself in an unexpected and usually unpleasant situation,
especially as a result of what you do.
f. Sense of direction;
The ability to find places or to know which direction to go.
g. To navigate;
To successfully find a way from one place to another.
h. By sight;
By appearance; by recognizing but not through being acquainted.
i. Reference point;
(of location) a point used to find or describe the location of something.
j. Orienteering;
an activity in which you have to find your way to somewhere on foot as
quickly as possible by using a map and a compass.
k. Wander off;
to leave from someone or something.
l. To head;
to go in a particular direction.

C. Practice

1. Answer the questions!

a. Have you ever got lost? When was the last time you got lost?
_________________________________________________________________________
b. How can you find your way when you are lost?
_________________________________________________________________________
c. Are you good at reading maps?
_________________________________________________________________________
e. Have you ever got lost using a map?
_________________________________________________________________________
f. Have you ever helped someone who got lost?
_________________________________________________________________________

36
 2. Listen and answer the question.

https://bit.ly/3HHNksc

a. The first speaker gives directions to the __________

b. The second speaker gives directions to the __________
c. The third speaker gives directions to the __________
d. The fourth speaker gives directions to the __________

3. Can you tell me the way?

37
 True or False?
a. The stadium is opposite the swimming pool. T/F

b. The cinema is between the shoe shop and the florist. T/F

c. The tourist office is next to the hospital. T/F

d. The school is on Elton Street. T/F

e. There are four banks. T/F

f. The florist is next to the library. T/F

g. There is a pub at the corner of Marley Avenue and Queen T/F

Street.

h. The city hall is beside the station. T/F

Asking directions
a. Can you tell me the way to the post office? (you are at the hospital)
b. Where is the swimming pool? (you are having lunch at the pizzeria)
c. Can you tell me the way to the school? (you are at the police station)
d. Excuse me, how can I get to the stadium? (you are at school)

4. Presentation!

Create a map (of anything) and present it to the class!

D. Vocabulary Bank

Avenue Jalan Besar Hub Pusat Kegiatan

Bank Bank Jewellery Store Toko Perhiasan

38
 Block Blok Main Road Jalan Utama
Boutique Butik Mall Mal
Bridge Jembatan Market Pasar
Bus Stop Halte Bis Mosque Masjid
Carpark Tempat Parkir Museum Museum
Chemist/Pharmacy Farmasi Navigate Navigasikan
Church Gereja Orientate Mengorientasikan
Cinema Bioskop Park Taman
City Centre Pusat Kota Pavement Trotoar
Penyeberangan
Compass Kompas Pedestrian Crossing
Pejalan Kaki
Kotak Telepon
Complex Kompleks Phone Box
Umum
Construction Area Area Konstruksi Police Station Kantor Polisi
Courthouse Gedung Pengadilan Post Office Kantor Pos
Crossroads Persimpangan Roundabout Bundaran
Crowd Keramaian Salon Salon
Dentist Dokter Gigi Shop Toko
Direction Arah Statue Patung
Emerge Muncul Street Jalan
Factory Pabrik Street Sign Rambu Jalan
Stasiun Kereta
Florist Penjual Bunga Subway Station
Bawah Tanah
Garage Bengkel Temple Kuil
Gas Station Pom Bensin Theater Teater
Giftshop Toko Hadiah Traffic Lights Lampu Lalu Lintas
Highway Jalan Tol Tunnel Terowongan

39
 Topic 5
I’m Not Feeling Well
A. Grammar Corner

1. Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of Frequency are adverbs of time that answer the question "How frequently?" or
"How often?". They tell us how often something happens. We can separate them into two
groups because they normally go in different positions in the sentence.

With words like daily, weekly, yearly we know exactly how often. These words describe
definite frequency. On the other hand, words like often, sometimes, rarely give us an idea
about frequency but they don't tell us exactly. These words describe indefinite frequency.

Definite Frequency Indefinite Frequency

daily, weekly, yearly often, sometimes, rarely

Adverbs of Definite Frequency

hourly every second once

daily once a minute twice
weekly twice a year once or twice
monthly three times
yearly

Adverbs of definite frequency, like all adverbs of definite time, typically go in END position.

Example : Most companies pay taxes yearly.

: The manager checks the toilets every hour.
: The directors meet weekly to review progress.

Sometimes, usually for reasons of emphasis or style, some adverbs of definite frequency
may go at the FRONT.

Example : Every day, more than five thousand people die on our roads.

Adverbs of Indefinite Frequency

Frequency Adverb of Frequency Example Sentence

100% always I always go to bed before 11 p.m.
90% usually I usually have cereal for breakfast.
80% normally / generally I normally go to the gym.
70% often* / frequently I often surf the internet.

40
50% sometimes I sometimes forget my wife's birthday.
30% occasionally I occasionally eat junk food.
10% seldom I seldom read the newspaper.
5% hardly ever / rarely I hardly ever drink alcohol.
0% never I never swim in the sea.

Adverbs of indefinite frequency mainly go in MID position in the sentence. They go before
the main verb, except the main verb to be.

Example : We usually go shopping on Saturday.

: I have often done that.
: She is always late. (adverb of frequency goes after the verb to be)

When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb
is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb.

Example : She can sometimes beat me in a race.

: I would hardly ever be unkind to someone.
: They might never see each other again.

Occasionally, sometimes, often, frequently and usually can also go at the beginning or end
of a sentence.

Example : Sometimes they come and stay with us.

: I play tennis occasionally.

Rarely and seldom can also go at the end of a sentence (often with very).

Example : We see them rarely.

: John eats meat very seldom.

B. Vocabularies & Expressions

1. Saying You Are Unwell

When somebody asks you “How are you?” and you do not feel well, there are ten ways to
answer their question:
Expressions How To Use

Not so good These phrases are only a little negative and

are fairly polite but people may use them
Not so great when they are feeling very ill

A little under the weather

A bit rough

41
 A bit the worse for wear We often use this phrase when we did
something earlier that has made us feel ill

Much the same as yesterday We use this phrase if the person we are
talking to knows that we were ill yesterday
also

A bit better These two phrases sound positive but

usually mean that the speaker still feels
As well as can be expected quite bad

(I feel) lousy These phrases are very strong. It is not

normally polite to answer so negatively.
Bloody awful Only say them to friends and people who
you know well

You can also describe how you are feeling by mentioning the symptoms of your illness. For
example, when you have a cold or a flu and you want to describe the symptoms, you can
use these expressions:
Common Symptoms Serious Symptoms

have a runny nose have a headache

have a stuffy nose have body aches

have the sniffles have a backache

have a scratchy or itchy throat have a fever or temperature

have a sore throat feel dizzy

have a cough

sneeze

Another example is when you have a stomach flu or a stomach bug, you can say:
– feeling nauseous
– have an upset stomach
– vomiting (a lot)
– can’t keep anything down

There are also several common expressions that we use to describe allergic reactions,
which are:
– have an allergic reaction to…
– be allergic to…
– have a/an … allergy
– get, develop, or have a rash
– get hives

42
 – sneeze a lot
– get or have itchy or watery eyes

If you need to call into work to let your boss know that you’re staying home for the day, you
might say:
I’ve come down with… I’m not feeling well. I’ve got…
- I’ve come down with the flu - I’m not feeling well. I’ve got diarrhea

I’m not well and I need to visit the doctor I’ve got a serious…
today - I’ve got a serious stomach flu

If you’re not sick but know someone who is, you may want to know how to say:
– Are you feeling any better today?
– Are you back on your feet?
– How long have you been sick?
– You need to go to the doctor.
– Don’t get me sick!
– Can I bring you anything?
– I hope you feel better!
– Get well soon!
– Feel better!

2. Idioms for Sickness

a. As sick as a dog;
To be very sick.
b. To be sick to death of something;
To be really tired of something.
c. To feel out of sorts;
To feel a little bit ill.
d. As sick as a parrot;
To be very annoyed or angry.
e. To feel like death warmed up;
To feel absolutely awful.
f. To be at death’s door;
To be really really unwell.
g. Off color;
You don’t feel yourself but you’re not quite sure what you have.

3. Reading Comprehension

ORGANIC FOODS
Source: https://www.englishclub.com/reading/health/organic.htm

Organic food is very popular these days. It can also be very expensive. Some organic food
costs twice as much as non-organic food. Parents of young children, and even some pet

43
owners, will pay high prices for organic food if they think it's healthier. But many others think
organic food is just a waste of money.

There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not
use agricultural chemicals such as pesticides that stop insects from damaging crops. In
many countries foods that claim to be organic must have special labels that guarantee
they're grown organically.

Some people think organic also means "locally grown", and originally this was true. But over
time organic farming has become big business, with many organic foods now being grown
by large agricultural companies that sell their products far from where they're grown.
Processed food made with organic ingredients has also become more popular. At first,
only small companies produced these products. But as demand overtook supply, big food
companies that had been selling non-organic products for many years also began selling
organic products. Small organic food companies found it difficult to compete with these big
companies, and many didn't stay in business much longer.

Is organic food safer and more nutritious? This is an important part of the debate. Many
farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals can cause serious
illnesses like cancer, but there isn't much evidence proving this is true. However recent
studies have shown that eating organically-grown produce reduces your chances of
developing heart disease. Many doctors think it's more important to stop dangerous bacteria
from contaminating foods. These bacteria can contaminate both organic and non-organic
fruit and vegetables, and doctors recommend washing produce carefully before eating it.
Meat, fish and chicken can also become contaminated, so washing your hands before
handling these foods is also very important. Many doctors also believe we should reduce
the amount of sugar in our diets, and there is a lot of evidence to support this idea. They
recommend carefully checking the list of ingredients on processed food and drinks for all the
words that really mean sugar, like glucose, sucrose and fructose. And they remind us that
the aim of most big food companies is to make lots of money, even if they damage our
health while doing so. This means processed foods that are called "organic" can also be
very unhealthy if they contain lots of sugar.

Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra
money? That's a matter of opinion. Whether organic food is healthier or not is still not clear,
so more research is needed. However, consumers of organic food often say "better safe
than sorry" when it comes to what we eat.

C. Practice

1. Answer the questions based on the article!

a. What is the main difference between organic and non-organic food?

● use of pesticides
● size of the company
● location of the farm
b. Which is usually more expensive?
● pet food

44
 ● organic food
● non-organic food
c. Many small organic food companies found it difficult to _____.
● waste money
● stay in business
● find cheap pesticides
d. Recent studies show that eating organic produce can _____ your chances of
having heart disease.
● develop
● increase
● reduce
e. Dangerous bacteria can contaminate _____.
● organic food only
● non-organic food only
● organic and non-organic food
f. All processed foods should have a label listing the product’s_____.
● ingredients
● pesticides
● organics
g. Many doctors now believe eating too much _____ food is bad for our health.
● fresh
● sweet
● organic
h. Processed organic foods can also be unhealthy if they contain lots of ____.
● nutritious ingredients
● organic produce
● glucose
i. The aim of most big food companies is to make the healthiest ___ they can.
● profits
● products
● customers
a. Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes _____.
● safer
● better
● worse

2. Match the definition!

agricultural bacteria better safe than sorry consumer

contaminate debate demand evidence expensive

handle ingredients label nutritious organic

pesticide produce (n) produce (v) stay in business

supply waste of money

45
 a. a poor choice when spending money
b. to make something with technology and machines in a factory
c. a product's popularity as shown by the number of people who want it
d. the sticker, tag, etc. with information about a product
e. to touch, hold or move with the hands
f. tiny organisms that can live in our bodies
g. a discussion in which opposing ideas or arguments are expressed
h. good for your health (of food and drinks only)
i. food that comes from a farm, like fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat, etc.
j. to make something a carrier of disease
k. grown naturally without the use of pesticides
l. highly-priced or costing a lot of money
m. being careful is better than taking risks
n. the different foods, spices, etc used to make a meal or a dish
o. to survive (of a company or person in business)
p. a person who buys something
q. related to farming
r. the amount or number of products ready to be sold
s. a chemical that stops insects from destroying crops
t. to make or create something
u. facts that prove something is true

3. Answer the questions!

a. When was the last time you were sick?

_________________________________________________________________________
b. How often do you fall sick in a year?
_________________________________________________________________________
c. What do you do when you have a fever?
_________________________________________________________________________
d. Have you ever had the flu? How can you protect yourself from the flu?
_________________________________________________________________________
e. Do you think people with the flu should stay home or go to work/school?
Why?
_________________________________________________________________________
f. What do you usually do to feel better when you are sick?
_________________________________________________________________________

4. Fill in the blanks!

a. Andrea lives next door so we __________ see her. [never/often/rarely]

b. Nancy and I [30%] __________ go out for coffee together.
[never/frequently/occasionally]
c. We meet __________ at the Annual General Meeting.

46
 [never/every day/yearly]
d. My doctor __________. [yearly checks my health/checks my health yearly/
checks my health yearly]
e. It [0%] __________ rains here in the summer. [never/sometimes/rarely]
f. __________ we take the dog off his leash at the beach.
[sometimes/never/rarely]
g. My sister __________ two days of school in a row. [often has missed/
has missed often/has often missed]
h. My boyfriend and I take vacations together quite __________.
[never/hardly/frequently]
i. Andy [10%] __________ gets to visit with his cousins. [very frequently/
very rarely/very often]
j. I don't earn much because I __________. [never went college/
went never to college/went to college never]

5. Find the words!

band-aid broken bone bruise cold cut disease

doctor flu headache hospital medicine needle

nosebleed nurse pill rest scab scrape

sore throat stitches stomachache stuffy nose

47
D. Vocabulary Bank

Health Problems = Masalah Kesehatan

Allergy Alergi Headache Sakit Kepala
Asthma Asma Heart Attack Serangan Jantung
Backache Sakit Punggung Heartburn Maag
Broken Leg Patah Kaki Itch Gatal
Burn Luka Bakar Measles Campak
Cancer Kanker Medication Pengobatan
Chicken Pox Cacar Air Nausea Mual
Cold Masuk Angin Rash Ruam
Contagious Menular Retch Muntah
Cough Batuk Shivering Menggigil
Diarrhoea Diare Sneeze Bersin
Dizzy Pusing Sore Throat Sakit Tenggorokan
Earache Sakit Telinga Stomachache Sakit Perut
Terbakar Sinar
Faint Pingsan/Lemah Sunburn
Matahari
Fever Demam Swollen Bengkak
Flu Influenza Toothache Sakit Gigi

Reading Comprehension Vocabulary

Agricultural Pertanian Ingredient Bahan
Bacteria Bakteri Label Label
Consumer Konsumen Nutritious Bergizi
Contaminate Mencemari Organic Organik
Debate Perdebatan Pesticide Pestisida
Demand Permintaan Produce (n) Hasil
Evidence Bukti Produce (v) Memproduksi
Expensive Mahal Process Proses
Handle Menangani Supply Persediaan

48
 Topic 6
How Does It Work?

A. Grammar Corner

1. Sequence Connectors

Sequence connectors are used to link opinions from one sentence to the next and to give
paragraphs coherence. Connectors help us organize the events of the beginning, middle and
end of a story.

Here is a list of connectors that we can use to show the sequence and order of events or
ideas:
In the Beginning

First First, I went to the barber shop

Firstly I had three reasons to visit my granny. Firstly, she always

listens to me and gives me a good advice

Once Once they finished their meals, they hopped into the bus

Once upon a time Once upon a time, there was a sweet little girl

One day One day, she went to the river with her friends

To begin with We had an awful time! To begin with, my girlfriend got sick
on the first day

In the Middle

After They were tired after playing so many matches last

weekend

After a while But after a while I noticed things

After that We went to the movies and after that out for ice cream

Afterward My mom found a recipe on the Internet. Afterward, she

went to the supermarket to buy the ingredients

Also I was really busy today. I had to send some emails and I
also had to finish the project

And She went to the zoo and bought a stuffed hippopotamus

As As the cat left the kitchen, the rats came out

As soon as As soon as he woke up, he checked his phone for

messages

Before Before he came, we didn’t have a good teacher

49
Later Later, I took a shower

Moreover She worked in a shop. Moreover, she studied very hard

Next I had a math class and next an English class

The moment It was the moment I knew I love her

Then I called my mother and then I charged my cell phone

When I was happy when I was younger

Interruptions

All of a sudden She showed up all of a sudden without any invitation

But then For years my family used to ride a bicycle, but then they
bought a car

Suddenly Suddenly, we heard a strange noise

Unexpectedly Unexpectedly, the children in the bedroom started crying

Simultaneously

During She talked during the whole meeting

Meanwhile I was studying. Meanwhile, my brother was in the

swimming pool.

While She was cooking while the baby was sleeping

In the End

After all I expected to fail the exam, but I passed after all

At last At last, she passed the exam

At the end He scored a goal at the end of the match

By the end He reached home by the end of the day

Eventually My parents eventually relented and let me go to the party

In the end My sister worked hard, and in the end, she passed her
exam

Finally Finally, she got engaged in March

Lastly Lastly, the party ended with the cake cutting ceremony

50
 2. Conjunctions of Time

When, after, before, until, since, while, once, as and as soon as are subordinating
conjunctions which can be used to connect an action or an event to a point in time. Many of
these time conjunctions can be followed by -ing or -ed forms instead of subject + verb.

Action/Event Conjunction Time

She was in a bad car accident when she was young

We can’t play loud music after everyone has gone to bed

Brush your teeth before you go to bed!

I’ll wait with you until the bus comes

I’ve been very busy since I started my new job

No one left the cinema while the movie was on

I’ll call you once I arrive

We always have an ice cream as soon as we get to the beach

I bumped into her as I came out of the bank

When, once, as soon as

We can use when, once, as and as soon as to talk about a specific point in time when
something happened or will happen.

Example : When we were in Greece, we went to as many islands as possible.

: They always close their curtains once they get home in the evening.
: As soon as we hear any news, we’ll call you.

Before, after and until

We use before and after to talk about the order of events in the past or future. With before
and after, either the main clause or the subordinate clause can come first.

[event 1] [event 2]
Example : She’ll pick you up before she comes here.
[event 1] [event 2]
: After she comes here, she’ll pick you up.

Until as a time conjunction means up to a time in the past or future. In the case of until, the
main clause usually comes first.

Example : I’m going to wait until the January sales start to buy a new jacket.
: Until he mentioned his name was Doug, I thought he was called Damien!
(less common order)

51
While

We use while to show that actions or events happen at the same time in the past, present or
future.

Example : Can you wait in the car while I run into the shop?
: They were talking while the teacher was explaining the activity.

*WARNING
We don’t use during instead of while. During is a preposition, not a conjunction, and it
must be followed by a noun or a pronoun:

✅
❌
Example : I like to have the radio on while I study.
: I like to have the radio on during I study.

B. Vocabularies & Expressions

1. Putting Information or Events in Order

We use certain phrases and expressions to put events in order of sequence and importance.
For example, if you need to describe how something works in steps, you can use
expressions to show how the steps work in a sequence. But, if you’re expressing your
opinion or views about something, you might want to express your main ideas in order of
importance instead.

Expressions to put information in order of sequence

Here are some expressions that you can use to talk about a process or sequence of steps.
These will be helpful when you need to talk about how to make something or how to make
something work.

You’ll start by/with We’ll start by making sure the machine is on the right
setting

The next thing we’ll do is The next thing we’ll do is insert the paper into the
machine

After that, you will After that, we’ll hit the “print” button

Last but not least Last but not least, we’ll wait for all the pages to print
properly

Expressions to put information in order of importance

Sometimes, English learners can get confused between how to describe something in a
sequence versus in the order of importance. Whether you’re writing an essay or giving a
presentation, it’s important to follow some logical steps to make sure that your audience or
reader is following you. So, you can use expressions such as:

52
 The first point I want to The first point I want to make is that education is not
make accessible to everyone

The first issue I would like to The first issue I would like to discuss is our problem with
discuss media consumption

Now let’s talk about Now let’s talk about the fact that gas prices are rising

Moving on, I want to explore Moving on, I want to explore the ways in which we can
eliminate waste

Then, let’s focus on Then let’s focus on how we can implement these policies
right away.

Ultimately Ultimately, it’s going to take a lot of work to make these

changes, but it’s possible.

2. Expressions for Related Details

When it comes to a detailed argument, we also use these English expressions to give
supporting details that strengthen our main ideas.

I should also mention that I should also mention that fruits and vegetables are way
more expensive than fast food.

It’s also worth considering It’s also worth considering that not everyone in this
that community approves of the construction.

You should also note that You should also note that most people get their news
from social media.

It’s also important to take It’s also important to take into account that some
into account that countries don’t pay teachers enough.

3. Clarifying Information

Sometimes we need to state or write things in a different or even simpler way in English to
make sure that our readers or listeners don’t get lost in the details or in a complex argument.
So, that’s why it’s important to have expressions that can help you clarify information. The
great thing about these expressions is that they also help you create more variety in your
writing or speaking style, which engages people even more.

What I mean is What I mean is that the economy won’t benefit from this
decision.

What I’m trying to say is that What I’m trying to say is that people didn’t like her
writing.

To put it another way To put it another way, people just need to work harder.

53
 In simpler terms In simpler terms, if we don’t buy their products, they won’t
be able to do bad things.

4. Summarizing Information

A summarizing or concluding expression shows your reader or listener that you’ve come to
the end of your argument, and it allows them another chance to process everything you’ve
said or written.

All things considered All things considered, I don’t think we should consider
obesity a public health issue.

With all this in mind With all this in mind, students should be allowed to decide
if they want a university education.

All this is to say that All this is to say that we should try to reduce the stigma
around mental health.

Overall Overall, I think the benefits of electric cars for the

environment outweigh the disadvantages.

5. Focusing on Specific Details

There are some English expressions that we can use to focus on a specific point we want to
make. We can use these expressions when we want to shift our focus from one point to
another.

When it comes to When it comes to modern-day space travel, Elon Musk

claims to have the answers.

In terms of In terms of downsizing, I think it’s better to keep as many

employees as we can.

If we’re talking about If we’re talking about online dating, some people feel that
it’s a strange way to meet people.

Taking a closer look at Taking a closer look at the problem, you’ll find that it’s a
complex situation.

C. Practice

1. Complete the sentence with first, next, then or finally!

a. If you want to pass your exams, you must study very hard_____.
b. David woke up late and _____ he was late for work.
c. Michael ____ finished the project last week.
d. When you cook vegetables, you should wash them ____ .
e. James was ill for a week before he ____ went to the doctor.
f. Tom and Sarah travel a lot. They don't know where to go ____ .

54
2. Sequencing!

a. Place the conversation in the correct order from 1-10.

____ Yes, you should combine them all in a bowl. You ought to use a big bowl.

You don’t need to look at the recipe. All you need is milk, eggs, sugar, and
____ butter.

____ Okay. They are mixed. Should I roll out the dough?

____ Do I need to look at the recipe to find the ingredients?

2 First, you should get out all of the ingredients.

____ What should I do first?

____ Okay. I have all of the ingredients. Should I put them in a bowl?

7 Now what should I do? Should I mix them together?

Yes. You must mix them with a wooden spoon. You shouldn’t use a mixer.
____

Not yet. First, you have to wait 20 minutes. We should have a coffee while
____ we wait.

b. Place the instructions in the correct order from 1-9.

____ While the water is boiling, pound some ginger in a mortar with a pestle.

At this point, you have a choice. You can either add 2 teaspoons of sugar
____ or alternatively leave it out and let people add it themselves.

____ After this, pound the cardamom pods and add this to the water.

The next stage is to add 2 teaspoons of tea powder and boil for at least
____ 2-3 minutes.

____ Once you have done this, you need to begin by boiling the water.

____ To start with, you need to find a cup and get all the ingredients together.

____ Then add the ginger to the water.

____ Finally, strain the mixture through a sieve into your cup.

____ After 2 or 3 minutes, add 1 cup of milk into your cup.

3. Make your own procedure of doing something!

Divide yourselves into a group of two. Create a process of how to use a tool, make
something, or play a game! You have to use the sequencing connectors you have
learned in this class! Please mention the equipment that you need to complete the
process as well!

55
 4. IELTS Descriptive Task

Look at this diagram below and discuss with your tutor how you can explain the
process.

The flow chart below shows how national examination papers are marked in
Someland.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.

5. Answer the questions!

a. Have you ever read the directions on a product’s packaging?

_________________________________________________________________________
b. Are you better at giving directions or following directions?
_________________________________________________________________________
c. Have you ever explained how to use a product or tool to someone?
_________________________________________________________________________
d. What is the most difficult part about explaining how to use a product or tool to
someone?
_________________________________________________________________________
e. Please share with the class how to use your favorite product or tool!
_________________________________________________________________________

56
D. Vocabulary Bank

Vocabulary From Sequencing Exercise

Cardamom Pods Biji Kapulaga Pestle Penumbuk
Dough Adonan Pound Menumbuk
Ingredient Bahan Recipe Resep
Mixer Pengaduk Sieve Saringan
Mortar Cobek Strain Menyaring

Advantageous Menguntungkan Pattern Pola

Approach Pendekatan Procedure Prosedur
Channel Saluran Regime Sistem Teratur
Course Jalur Route Rute
Formula Rumus Strategy Strategi
Framework Kerangka Structure Struktur
Helpful Berguna System Sistem
Manner Cara Technique Teknik
Mechanism Mekanisme Timeline Linimasa
Method Metode Useful Bermanfaat

57
 Topic 7
Dreams and the Paranormal

A. Grammar Corner

1. Imperative Sentence (Command)

Imperative sentences are one of the four sentence types (declarative, interrogative,
imperative, exclamative). The usual function of an imperative sentence is to give a command
or instruction. It tells us to do something.

The typical form (structure) of an English imperative sentence uses the base verb with no
subject. In fact, many imperative sentences consist of nothing but the verb. Additionally, the
final punctuation is usually a full-stop/period (.) or an exclamation mark/point (!). Imperative
sentences can be in positive or negative form, and can refer to present or future time.

Although we use imperative sentences to give direct commands, we can also use them to
give instructions more politely than a straight command. Instructions like this are quite
common, for example in a user guide to explain how to operate a machine. Imperatives can
also be used with words like "please" or "kindly" to add politeness.

Look at these positive and negative examples. You will notice that some of them refer to
present time, some to future time and some to both:
Example Context Positive Negative

army Shoot! Don't move!

user guide Remove the packaging. Open Do not dispose of batteries in

the blue box and connect the two the trash.
wires.

school Now wash your hands! Don't forget your homework.

airplane Please remain seated until the Do not smoke in the toilets.
seatbelt sign is off.

hotel Kindly help yourself to fruit. Please don't forget your

belongings.

friends Please be waiting when we Don't be late!

arrive.

Imperative special cases

58
1 - imperative with subject

Normally when we use the imperative there is no subject because the subject is obvious -
you. Sometimes, however, to make the subject clear, we do use a subject.

Example : Everybody look!

: Relax, everybody.
: Somebody answer the phone!

We can also use you as the subject to imply anger.

Example : You watch your mouth, young man!

: You be quiet!
: Don't you talk to me like that!

2 - unreal commands

We often express hope and make suggestions with the imperative form, but these are not
real commands.

Example : Have a good trip. (hope)

: Enjoy the meal. (hope)
: If there's no olive oil, try almond oil. (suggestion)

3 - imperative with do

If we put do before the imperative the effect is to make requests, apologies and complaints
more emphatic but also more polite.

Example : Do take a seat. (request)

: Do forgive me. I didn't mean to offend you. (apology)
: Do try to keep the noise down, gentlemen. (complaint)

4 - imperative with always, never, ever

The words always, never, ever come before imperatives.

Example : Always remember who’s boss.

: Never speak to me like that again.
: Don’t ever speak to me like that again.

5 - passive imperative

We sometimes make passive imperatives with get.

Example : Get vaccinated before your holiday.

6 - imperative with and

59
 We can sometimes use the imperative + and instead of an if-clause.

Example : Go now and I’ll never speak to you again. (If you go now, I’ll never
speak to you again.)

7 - imperative with question tag

We sometimes use these question tags after imperatives: can you? can't you? could you?
will you? won't you? would you?

Example : Lend me a dollar, can you?

: Help me with this, will you?
: Keep still, won’t you?

2. Narrative Tenses

Narrative tenses are used to talk about past events and to tell stories. Narrative tenses are
four tenses that we often use for talking about past events. The most common of these is the
simple past. The other three tenses, the past continuous, the past perfect simple and the
past perfect continuous, can help us to say what we want more efficiently.

Subject + past tense He went to the station.

Subject + be (past) + verb -ing He was going to the station.

Subject + had + past participle He had gone to the station.

Subject + had + been + verb -ing He had been going to the station.

Narrative tenses in a written story

Narrative tenses are common in written stories, especially when they describe action.

Bond opened the door very slowly, looked carefully around the room and walked in.
The window was open and the curtains were blowing in the wind.
Clearly someone had left in a hurry.

Past simple opened, looked, The first three verbs - opened, looked and
walked, was walked - are a sequence: they are written in
the order that the actions took place. We
know this because they are in the past
simple.

Past continuous were blowing The past continuous verb, were blowing,
shows an action in progress: the curtains
started blowing before he walked into the

60
 room and continued to blow while he was
there.

Past perfect had left The last verb, had left, shows an action that
happened before he walked in.

If we used the past simple for the last verb,

the meaning would be different:
- The window was open, the curtains
were blowing. Someone left in a hurry.
This suggests that the person left after Bond
walked in.

Narrative tenses in conversation

Narrative tenses are common in conversation when we talk about past experiences.

David : I saw a UFO once. Well, I think it was one.

Carol : Oh yeah?
David : Yeah, really. I was in the country - in Yorkshire - on the moors...
Carol : What were you doing there?
David : Oh, I was visiting some friends. They'd rented a cottage and we'd gone to
stay with them.

Past simple saw, was The first verb saw is used in an introductory
sentence.

Past continuous (What) were (you) The verb was visiting shows an action that
doing? was visiting started before the event (seeing the UFO)
happened and was in progress. It is
background information.

Past perfect they'd rented, The verbs had rented and had gone show
we'd gone actions that happened before the main
event. They are also background information

B. Vocabularies & Expressions

1. Telling a story

a. Use beginning phrases to start

It all started when…, to begin…, it all began when…
b. Continuing the story
Then…, after that…, next…
c. Provide a background to set the scene
Who is involved, where it took place, what you were doing at that time
d. Use interruption words to create suspense/to add new elements

61
 Suddenly…, unexpectedly…
e. Use time words
That morning…, that day…, that month…
f. Describe emotions
It was shocking…, I was speechless…, it was devastating…
g. Ending the story
Finally…, In the end…, Eventually…

2. Expressions for Recalling Things

a. As far as I can remember…

b. I remember…
c. If my memory serves me correctly…
d. As I recall…
e. If I’m not mistaken…
f. Unless I’m not mistaken…
g. Now I come to think of it…
h. I can (clearly) remember…
i. I have a vague recollection of…
j. As far as I can recall…
k. If I remember correctly…

3. Idioms about Memory

a. Refresh someone’s memory;

To remind someone of something they’ve forgotten.
b. Jog someone’s memory;
To remind someone about something they have forgotten.
c. Commit something to memory;
To study something carefully so that you can remember it exactly.
d. Trip down memory lane;
An occasion when people remember or talk about things that happened
in the past.
e. Bear in mind;
To tell someone to remember something important.
f. In one ear and our the other;
To say that someone does not remember what is said or is not paying
attention to it.

C. Practice

1. Fill in the blanks!

This happened over twenty years ago. I __________ (stay) with some friends who
__________ (buy) a cottage in southern Italy and I was flying back home to London.
We were about twenty minutes into the flight when I __________ (realize) something
was wrong. We __________ (climb) to 10,000 meters and the pilot __________
(switch off) the seat belt sign. We (fly) smoothly for about five mintues when I

62
 __________ (see) an old man on the other side of the cabin staring out of the
window with an expression of pure terror on his face. Then he __________ (raise)
his hands in the air and __________ (say) very loudly, 'My God, we are all going to
die!' Two flight attendants, who __________ (chat) nearby, came over and
__________ (look) out of the window. One of them immediately __________ (run) to
the front of the plane and __________ (go) into the cockpit, and at the same time, I
felt the plane begin to lose height. Then the pilot made an announcement. He said
we __________ (lose) one engine and we would have to return to the airport. At the
time I thought this meant one engine __________ (stop) working, but I later learned
that the engine __________ (actually / fall off) the plane and I wondered whether it
__________ (hit) anybody on the ground. I never __________ (find out) but at least
the mishap __________ (not / damage) the wing or any other parts of the aircraft and
we __________ (land) about 30 minutes later without trouble.

2. Tell a story!

Write a story using the skill and expressions you have learned in this class! Build
your story as real as possible so that your friends can imagine your story.

a. Can you recall what dream you had last night?

b. Tell a scary story!

3. Let’s play a game!

Have you heard of the Finish the Story game? This is how you play them!
a. Person one (this could be the teacher), starts off the story.
b. Person two continues the story by saying the next sentence.
c. Person three carries the story on and so on.
d. Depending on the size of the group each player may have between 2 to 5
goes each.
e. When the story is coming to an end, the last player says the ending
sentence.

63
 Here’s an example, played between three players:
Player 1: As the rain poured, I walked to…
Player 2: School. Here I saw…
Player 3: An alien. He was…
Player 1: Dancing. So I asked him…
Player 2: What are you doing here? He replied…
Player 3: I’m here to eat you all! I ran…
Player 1: To my mom’s house. And shouted…
Player 2: Mom, where’s my lunch? She said…
Player 3: Your lunch is at school. So I walked…
Player 1: To school. And found…
Player 2: The alien had my lunch. However…
Player 3: That alien was my dad. And then…
Player 1: We laughed. My dad called me a…
Player 2: Silly snail. And he…
Player 3: hugged me. The end.

Prompts:
a. You time-travel to the year 3000 and…
b. As you walk around town, you notice something strange…
c. You invent something new and…
d. After a bad day, you mistakenly create a cure for…
e. While reading a book, you realize…

D. Vocabulary Bank

Ambience Vocabulary
Bright Ceria Magical Luar Biasa
Chaotic Ricuh Menacing Mengancam
Cheerful Riang Peaceful Tenteram
Comfortable Nyaman Romantic Romantis
Dreary Muram Somber Suram
Eerie Menakutkan Sunny Cerah
Hazy Kabur Uncomfortable Tidak Nyaman
Lazy Malas Warm Kehangatan

64
 Topic 8
Final Exam Preparation

A. Grammar Test Question Examples

1. “Have a great ot unexpected success, especially in making a lot of money quickly; to

find exactly what you desire” is the definition of…
a. Come a long way
b. Hit the jackpot
c. Nailed it
d. Rise to the occasion
2. The weather isn't warm today, but it's not cold. I guess you could say it's
__________.
a. sunny
b. freezing
c. foggy
d. cool
3. What does “monkey business” mean?
a. To mislead or deceive somebody.
b. To deceive, trick somebody.
c. Behavior that is not acceptable or is dishonest.
d. Dishonest actions or behavior intended to trick somebody.
4. Can you tell me the way to the school? (you are at the police station)

5. My sister __________ two days of school in a row.

[often has missed/has missed often/has often missed]
6. Nancy and I [30%] __________ go out for coffee together.
[never/frequently/occasionally]
7. James was ill for a week before he ____ went to the doctor.
a. first
b. next
c. then
d. finally
8. Complete the conversation
Pete : 'Have you ever __________ (break) a bone?'
Sandy : 'Yes, I , actually. I __________ (break) my arm when I __________
at secondary school.'
Pete : 'How __________ you do it?'
Sandy : 'Well, we __________ (get) off the school bus one morning and the
girl behind me __________ (push) me and I __________ (fall) down
the steps.

65
 Pete : 'Oh no. __________ it very painful?'
Sandy : 'I can't really remember - it __________ such a long time ago. I
expect it .

B. Speaking Test Question Examples

1. Do you think there are more natural disasters than in the past? Why?
2. What is a white lie? Do you think it’s good or bad?
3. How can you find your way when you are lost?
4. Do you think people with the flu should stay home or go to work/school? Why?
5. What is the most difficult part about explaining how to use a product or tool to
someone?
6. Tell a dream you had or a scary story!

66