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 1
Dataset
101
Visualizations
Using Python
Author
Ahmed Abouraia

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Table of Contents:
1. About the Author, Copyright and Abstract
• About the Author
• Copyright
• Abstract
2. Getting Started with Data Visualization
• Why Data Visualization Matters
• Effective Data Visualization
• Python Libraries for Data Visualization
• Installing Required Libraries
3. Generating Synthetic Dataset with Faker
• Installing Faker Library
• Generating Synthetic Sales Data
4. Visualizations with Python and Matplotlib
• 101 visualizations for the loaded synthetic dataset
5. Conclusion
6. Useful resources

2
About the Author

Ahmed Abouraia is a Data Architect, Writer, and Lecturer who has spent the last 15 years
working in an international school in Cairo, Egypt, learning in the technology field, and
achieving certifications from technology market leaders such as Microsoft, IBM, Oracle,
AWS, VMware, Sophos, and others. He graduated from the Arab Academy for Science and
Technology with a master's degree in E-Business in 2022, and he was the top of his class,
and he truly keen to improve his academic records soon by pursuing a doctorate in data
science. He couldn't have done it without the support of his family and his own constant
motivation.
Author email address: [email protected]

Copyright © 2023 Ahmed Abouraia, Egypt.

All rights reserved. No part of this guidebook may be reproduced, distributed, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other
electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the author,
except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non­
commercial uses permitted by copyright law.
This guidebook is intended for personal use and educational purposes only. The content
provided herein, including data visualization techniques using Python, is based on the
author's professional expertise and experience as a Data Architect and Lecturer. While
efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information presented,
the author shall not be held liable for any errors, omissions, or damages arising from the
use of this guidebook.
Any use of the materials and code examples provided in this guidebook should be made
with proper acknowledgment and attribution to the author, Ahmed Abouraia.
Unauthorized use, reproduction, or distribution of the content may be subject to legal
action.
For inquiries or permission requests, please contact [email protected].
Thank you for respecting the author's intellectual property and for your interest in learning
about data visualization using Python.

3
Disclaimer
The information provided in this guidebook is for educational and illustrative purposes
only. The author of this guidebook holds no responsibility for any software or hardware
damage that may occur as a result of using any part of this guide. Users are encouraged to
exercise caution and use their discretion when applying any code or techniques described
in this guide. It is essential to test the code in a safe and controlled environment before
implementing it in any critical or production settings.
Furthermore, while every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
information provided, the author does not guarantee the correctness or completeness of
the content. The author shall not be held liable for any direct, indirect, incidental,
consequential, or special damages arising out of or in any way connected with the use of
this guidebook.
Users are advised to consult with appropriate experts and professionals in their respective
fields before applying any concepts or practices described in this guidebook to ensure
compliance with all relevant laws, regulations, and best practices.
By using this guidebook, you acknowledge and agree to the terms of this disclaimer and
assume all risks associated with its use. If you do not agree with the terms of this
disclaimer, it is advised not to use the information provided in this guidebook.

4
Abstract

Are you looking to level up your data visualization skills in Python? Look no further!
Introducing the ultimate guide to 101 visualizations using just one dataset. Whether you're
a beginner or an experienced data scientist, this comprehensive guide will take you on a
visual journey through various plotting techniques, insights, and patterns that can be
explored with Python and a single dataset.
In this guide, we cover everything you need to know to create impactful visualizations and
effectively communicate your data-driven stories. From basic bar charts to intricate
heatmaps, we've got you covered. The dataset we'll be using comprises diverse attributes,
including purchase details, customer demographics, product categories, and more.
Highlights of the Guide:

• Basics of Data Visualization in Python

• Line Plots: Uncovering Trends Over Time
• Bar Charts: Comparing Categories and Quantities
• Pie Charts: Analyzing Proportions
• Scatter Plots: Identifying Relationships
• Box Plots: Understanding Data Distribution
• Heatmaps: Visualizing Correlations
• Word Clouds: Exploring Textual Data ... and many more!
So grab your Python toolkit and embark on this exciting data visualization adventure! By
the end of this guide, you'll have mastered various visualization techniques and gained
invaluable insights from a single dataset.

5
1- Getting Started with Data Visualization

• Why Data Visualization Matters

Data visualization matters because it is a powerful tool that allows us to comprehend
complex data and extract meaningful insights quickly and effectively. Through the use of
graphical representations, data visualization transforms raw numbers and statistics into
visual patterns, trends, and relationships, making it easier for individuals to understand
and interpret the information.
Here are the key reasons why data visualization matters and how it enhances our
understanding of data:
• Enhanced Comprehension: Humans are visual creatures, and we process visual
information more efficiently than raw data. Visualizations provide a clear and
concise representation of data, making it easier for users to grasp the main
message, spot patterns, and identify outliers.
• Patterns and Trends Identification: Visualizations help reveal patterns,
trends, and correlations that may not be apparent in tabular data. By observing
data visually, we can detect relationships and insights that might otherwise go
unnoticed.
• Storytelling and Communication: Visualizations have the power to tell a
compelling data-driven story. They enable data analysts and communicators to
present findings in a captivating and persuasive manner, making complex
information accessible to a broader audience.
• Decision-Making and Insights: Well-designed visualizations provide valuable
insights that lead to informed decision-making. They help businesses identify
opportunities, optimize processes, and address challenges by presenting data in
a way that facilitates critical thinking.
• Data Validation and Quality Assessment: Data visualizations aid in data
validation by allowing us to identify errors, anomalies, and inconsistencies in the
dataset. Visualizations can act as a data quality check, ensuring that data used for
analysis is accurate and reliable.
• Interactivity and Exploration: Interactive visualizations empower users to
explore data from different angles, drill down into specific details, and customize
views based on their interests. This hands-on exploration fosters a deeper
understanding of the data.
• Identifying Outliers and Anomalies: Visualizations make it easier to spot
outliers and anomalies that may require further investigation. These unexpected
data points may hold crucial information or indicate potential errors in data
collection.
• Comparison and Benchmarking: Visualizations facilitate easy comparison
between different datasets, groups, or time periods. They enable benchmarking

6
 against previous performance or competitors, aiding in setting realistic goals
and targets.
• Effective Reporting: Data visualizations are vital for creating engaging and
informative reports. A well-crafted visualization can convey the key findings
quickly, saving time and effort for both creators and readers.
• Public Understanding: In fields such as science, public health, and social issues,
data visualizations play a crucial role in presenting complex information to the
general public. They help bridge the gap between technical expertise and public
understanding, fostering better-informed decisions and policies.
In conclusion, data visualization matters because it transforms data into actionable
insights, fosters better decision-making, and enables effective communication of complex
information. It empowers individuals and organizations to explore, understand, and
leverage the power of data, driving innovation and progress across various domains.

• Effective Data Visualization:

Choosing the Right Visualizations for Quantitative and Qualitative Data"
Data visualization plays a critical role in understanding and communicating insights from
data. With the vast amount of information available, choosing the right visualization
techniques is essential to effectively represent quantitative and qualitative data. In this
guide, we explore recommended visualization types for both quantitative and qualitative
data, highlighting their strengths and best use cases. Whether you are analyzing numerical
values or categorical labels, understanding the appropriate visualization techniques can
significantly enhance the understanding and impact of your data analysis. Join us as we
delve into the world of data visualization and discover the power of visual storytelling with
data.
For quantitative data, which represents numerical values, there are several recommended
visualization types depending on the specific characteristics of the data and the insights
you want to convey. Here are some commonly used visualization types and the reasons for
their recommendation:
Quantitative Data Visualization:
• Histograms: Histograms are useful for visualizing the distribution of a single
quantitative variable. They display the frequency or count of data points in
predefined bins or intervals. Histograms are great for identifying patterns such
as skewness, central tendency, and the presence of outliers.
• Box Plots (Box-and-Whisker Plots): Box plots provide a concise summary of
the distribution's central tendency, spread, and skewness. They show the
median, quartiles, and possible outliers, making them ideal for comparing
multiple quantitative variables or groups.

7
 • Scatter Plots: Scatter plots are excellent for visualizing the relationship between
two quantitative variables. They help identify correlations, clusters, and patterns
in the data. Scatter plots are valuable for discovering any potential linear or
nonlinear relationships.
• Line Charts: Line charts are commonly used to show trends and changes in data
over time. They connect data points with straight lines, making them effective
for visualizing time series data or any data with a continuous x-axis.
• Bar Charts: While often used for categorical data, bar charts can also display
quantitative data when categories are grouped into intervals. This can be helpful
for summarizing discrete quantitative data or comparing different ranges.
• Area Charts: Area charts are similar to line charts but represent the area under
the line. They are useful for visualizing accumulated quantities over time or
displaying stacked data.
• Heatmaps: Heatmaps are helpful for showing the intensity of a relationship
between two quantitative variables. They use colors to represent data values
and are effective for large datasets.
For qualitative data, which represents categories or labels, different visualization types are
recommended to effectively communicate insights. Here are some commonly used
visualization types and their advantages for qualitative data:
Qualitative Data Visualization:
• Bar Charts: Bar charts are one of the most common ways to display qualitative
data. They show the frequency or count of each category, making it easy to
compare different categories.
• Pie Charts: Pie charts are useful for showing the composition or proportion of
different categories within a whole. However, they are best used when the
number of categories is relatively small (typically less than 5-6) to avoid clutter.
• Stacked Bar Charts: Stacked bar charts display the composition of a single
variable as a whole, showing how each category contributes to the total. They
are effective for comparing multiple qualitative variables or categories.
• Donut Charts: Donut charts are a variation of pie charts with a hole in the
center. They can be used to show the same information as pie charts while
offering more space for annotations or additional data.
• Word Clouds: Word clouds visually represent the frequency of words or terms
in a text dataset. They are often used to highlight the most common terms or
topics.
• Stacked Area Charts: Stacked area charts show the evolution of different
qualitative categories over time, displaying how each category contributes to the
whole.
• Chord Diagrams: Chord diagrams are used to visualize relationships between
different categories or groups. They are useful for demonstrating connections
and flows between entities.

8
 When choosing the right visualization type, it is essential to consider the nature of the data
and the story you want to tell. Visualization should be clear, informative, and tailored to the
audience to effectively communicate insights and patterns in the data.

• Python Libraries for Data Visualization

Python offers a variety of powerful libraries for data visualization that cater to different
user needs and preferences. Each library has its strengths and weaknesses, making it
important to choose the right one based on the specific visualization requirements. Below
are some of the most popular Python libraries for data visualization:
• Matplotlib: Matplotlib is one of the oldest and most widely used data
visualization libraries in Python. It provides a flexible and comprehensive set of
tools for creating static, interactive, and animated visualizations. While it
requires more code for complex plots, Matplotlib's versatility makes it suitable
for a wide range of visualization tasks.
• Seaborn: Seaborn is built on top of Matplotlib and provides a high-level
interface for creating attractive and informative statistical graphics. It simplifies
the creation of complex visualizations, such as violin plots, pair plots, and
correlation heatmaps, by providing convenient APIs. Seaborn is particularly
useful for exploratory data analysis and works well with pandas DataFrames.
• Plotly: Plotly is a popular library for creating interactive and web-based
visualizations. It supports a wide range of chart types, including line charts, bar
charts, scatter plots, and more. Plotly visualizations can be embedded in web
applications or shared as standalone HTML files. It also has APIs for JavaScript,
R, and other programming languages.
• Pandas Plot: Pandas, a popular data manipulation library, also provides a
simple plotting API for DataFrames and Series. While not as feature-rich as
Matplotlib or Seaborn, it is convenient for quick exploratory visualizations
directly from pandas data structures.
• Bokeh: Bokeh is another library focused on interactive visualizations for web
applications. It allows the creation of interactive plots with smooth zooming and
panning. Bokeh provides both low-level and high-level APIs, making it suitable
for both beginners and advanced users.
• Altair: Altair is a declarative statistical visualization library based on the Vega­
Lite specification. It enables the creation of visualizations using concise and
intuitive Python code. Altair generates interactive visualizations and can be
easily customized and extended.
• Geopandas and Folium: Geopandas and Folium are specialized libraries for
geographic data visualization. Geopandas allows working with geospatial data
(e.g., shapefiles) and integrates with Matplotlib for visualizations. Folium is
focused on creating interactive maps and works well with Jupyter Notebooks.

9
 • WordCloud: WordCloud is used to create word clouds from text data. It is often
employed for visualizing word frequency and popularity in textual datasets.
• Holoviews: Holoviews is a high-level data visualization library that allows
creating complex visualizations with minimal code. It provides a wide range of
visual elements and automatically handles aspects like axes, legends, and color
bars.
These libraries, each with its unique strengths and characteristics, provide Python users
with a broad range of options for creating compelling, insightful, and interactive data
visualizations. The choice of library depends on the specific use case, the complexity of
visualizations required, and personal preferences for coding style and interactivity.

• Installing Required Libraries

To install required Python libraries for data visualization, you can use either pip or conda,
depending on your package manager (Anaconda or standard Python distribution). Below
are the detailed steps for installing libraries using both methods:
• Using pip (Standard Python Distribution):
• Step 1: Open a command prompt or terminal on your computer.
• Step 2: Ensure that you have Python installed. You can check your Python
version by running:
python --version

• Step 3: Update pip to the latest version (optional but recommended):

pip install --upgrade pip

• Step 4: Install the required libraries. For data visualization, you might want to
install libraries like Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, and others. For example, to
install Matplotlib and Seaborn, run:
pip install matplotlib seaborn

• Replace matplotlib seaborn with the names of other libraries you want to
install.
• Using conda (Anaconda Distribution):
Step 1: Open Anaconda Navigator or Anaconda Prompt.
Step 2: If you are using Anaconda Navigator, go to the "Environments" tab, select
the desired environment, and click on "Open Terminal."
Step 3: If you are using Anaconda Prompt, activate the desired environment by
running:

10
 conda activate your_environment_name

• Replace your_environment_name with the name of your desired environment. If

you want to install libraries in the base environment, skip this step.
• Step 4: Install the required libraries. For data visualization, you can use conda to
install libraries like Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, and others. For example, to
install Matplotlib and Seaborn, run:
conda install matplotlib seaborn

• Replace matplotlib seaborn with the names of other libraries you want to
install.
• Step 5: If a library is not available through conda, you can use pip within your
conda environment. For example, to install Plotly, run:
pip install plotly

After running the installation commands, the specified libraries and their dependencies
will be downloaded and installed on your system. You can then use these libraries in your
Python scripts or Jupyter Notebooks for data visualization and analysis.
Note: If you are using Jupyter Notebooks, make sure to install the libraries within the same
Python environment that your Jupyter Notebook is using to avoid compatibility issues. If
you are using Anaconda, it is recommended to create a separate environment for each
project to manage library dependencies effectively.

2- Generating Synthetic Dataset with Faker

• Installing Faker Library

the steps to install the Faker library on Windows 10 with Anaconda distribution:
• Open Anaconda Prompt: Click on the Windows Start button, type "Anaconda
Prompt," and open the Anaconda Prompt application.
• Activate Environment (Optional): If you want to install Faker in a specific conda
environment, activate that environment using the following command:
conda activate your_environment_name

- Replace your_environment_name with the name of your desired environment.

- Install Faker: In the Anaconda Prompt, type the following command to install
the Faker library:
pip install Faker

11
 • Wait for Installation: The installation process will begin, and the required
packages will be downloaded and installed.
• Verify Installation (Optional): To verify that Faker is installed correctly, you can
open a Python interpreter or a Jupyter Notebook and try importing the library:
import faker

• If there are no errors, the Faker library is successfully installed.

That's it! You have now installed the Faker library on your Windows 10 machine using the
Anaconda distribution. You can use Faker to generate synthetic data for testing,
prototyping, or learning purposes. Remember that Faker is not meant for production use,
and it is essential to use real data for any serious analysis or application.

• Generating Synthetic Sales Data

To generate a synthetic dataset using Faker library for the previous 101 visualization
examples, we'll create a Python script that generates random data for the specified
columns. Since Faker generates random data, keep in mind that this dataset will be
artificial and not representative of any real-world data.
First, make sure you have installed the Faker library. You can install it using pip:

bash code
pip install Faker

Let's generate the dataset with the required columns:

python code
import pandas as pd|
import random^^^B
from faker import Faker
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# Set random seed for reproducibility|

random.seed(42^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B

# Initialize Faker and other necessary variables

fake = Faker()
start date = datetime(2020, 1, 1)
end_date = datetime(202 , 1, 1)

# Create emptylists to store the generated data

order_ids~~=[]^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B

12
customerids
product ids
purchase dates
product_categories
quantities~~=—
totalsales
genders = []
maritalstatuses
price per unit
customer types
ages = [] # New list to store ages

# Number of rows(data points) to generate)

numrows = 10000^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

Generate the dataset

product ids.append(fake.uuid4())
purchase date = start date + timedelta(days=random.randint(0 ,
(end date - start date).days))
purchase_dates.append(purchase_date)

product_categories.append(fake.random_element(elements=('Electronics',
'Clothing , 'Books', 'Home', 'Beauty')))J^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M
quantities.append(random.randint( , 10))J^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M
total_sales.append(random.uniform(1( 111 iii^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M
genders.append(fake.random_element(elements=('Male', 'Female')))^
# Only 'Male' and 'Female' will be added^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^M
marital_statuses.append(fake.random_element(elements=( 'Single7^^
'Married', 'Divorced', 'Widowed7))^^^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M
price_per_unit.append(random.uniform( , 51 ))^^^J^^^^^^^^^M
customer_types.append(fake.random_element(elements=(7New^^^^^B
Customer', 'Returning Customer' )))^^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^B
ages.append(random.randint(18, 80)) # Generate random ages^^^J
between18 and 80^^^^^^^^^^^HH^^^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^I

# Create a DataFrame from the generated lists

df = pd.DataFrame({
'OrderlD': orderids
'CustomerlD': customerids

13
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