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COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

SECOND SEMESTERS.Y. 2024-2025

GEC – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATIONMODULE 4

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

INTRODUCTION

This unit features the basics of preparing and delivering a speech. From the
drafting of your speech to its delivery, you will be guided with various strategies
that you can applyto successfully speak in public.
Overview:
It is important to always keep your primary message in mind when preparing for a
speech. Throughout the entire speech you must constantly relate your research,
examples, analyses, etc. back to the message of your speech. Your conclusion is no
exception.

It is important to reiterate the focus of your speech again in your conclusion. By

summarizing the primary message of your speech you will refocus your audience's
mindback to the overall purpose of your speech and the reasons why they should
care aboutwhat you are saying.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a. Identify and differentiate the processes of in speech writing;
b. List down the principles and characteristics of speech writing;
c. Make a speech using the format of speech writing.

Pretest

Directions: Write T if the statement is true; write F if it is false and underline the
word thatmakes it incorrect.

1. An outline determines whether your supporting ideas match your

main ideaor not.
2. Any speech should include an introduction, body, and conclusion.
3. In the introduction, you explain the importance of your topic by
giving examples.
4. Knowing the audience and the occasion is crucial in writing a
speech.
5. Rehearsing is a major requirement.
6. Speech writing is a recursive process.
7. The approach that you will use in your introduction can determine
thesuccess of your speech.
8. The primary objective of speech writing is getting the right or appropriatetopic.
 9. The purpose of the speech will help you identify ideas that will support
yourmain idea or message.
10. Word choice is one consideration in writing a speech.

Lesson Proper:

TheSpeechWritingProcess
Just like events planning, or any other activities, writing an effective speech follows
certain steps or processes. The process for writing is not chronological or linear;
rather, itis recursive. That means you have the opportunity to repeat a writing
procedure indefinitely, or produce multiple drafts first before you can settle on the
right one. Figure1 shows the schematic diagram.

The following are the components of the speech writing process.

 Audience analysis entails looking into the profile of your target audience.
This isdone so you can tailor-fit your speech content and delivery to your
audience. The profile includes the following information.
 demography (age range, male-female ratio, educational background and
affiliations or degree program taken, nationality, economic status,
academicor corporate designations)
 situation (time, venue, occasion, and size)
 psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial
ideologies, and needs)

A sample checklist is presented below.

• The purpose for writing and delivering the speech can be classified into
three—to inform, toentertain, or topersuade.
 An informativespeechprovides the audience with a clear understanding
ofthe concept or idea presented by the speaker.
 An entertainmentspeechprovides the audience with amusement. A
persuasive speechprovides the audience with well-argued ideas that
caninfluence their own beliefs and decisions.
General Purpose Specific Purpose

 To inform Grade 11 students about the process

of
conducting an automated student government
election

To inform Grade 11 students about the
definitionand

relevance of information literacy today
To inform Grade 11 students about the
To inform importanceof
effective money management
 To entertain Grade 11 students with his/her
funny experiences in automated election
 To entertain Grade 11 students with interesting
observations of people who lack information
literacy
To entertain Grade 11 students with the success
To entertain 
stories of the people in the community
To persuade the school administrators to

switch from manual to automated student
governmentelection To persuade Grade 11

students to develop
To persuade information literacy skills
 To persuade the school administrators
 • The topic is your focal point of your speech, which can be determined once
you have decided on your purpose. I f you are free to decide on a topic,
choose one that really interests you. There are a variety of strategies used in
selecting a topic,such as using your personal experiences, discussing with
your family members or friends, free writing, listing, asking questions, or
semantic webbing.
• Narrowing down a topic means making your main idea more specific and
focused. The strategies in selecting a topic can also be used when you narrow
down a topic.

In the example below, “Defining and developing effective money managementskills

of Grade 11 students” is the specific topic out of a general one, which is “Effective
money management.

General To inform
Purpose

Specific Purpose To informGrade 11 students on the importance of

effective money management

Topic Financial literacy or effective money management

Narrowing down a Effective money management
topic through listing
Effective money management of Grade 11 students
Developing an effective money management of
Grade11 students
Defining and developing effective money
managementskills of Grade 11 students

• Data gathering is the stage where you collect ideas, information, sources,
and references relevant or related to your specific topic. This can be done by
visitingthe library, browsing the web, observing a certain phenomenon or
event relatedto your topic, or conducting an interview or survey. The data
that you will gather will be very useful in making your speech informative,
entertaining, or persuasive. Writing patterns, in general, are structures that
will help you organize the ideas related to your topic. Examples are
biographical, categorical/topical, causal, chronological,
comparison/contrast,problem-solution, andspatial.

Below are different writing patterns fromwhich you can select the one that best suits
yourtopic and/or purpose.
 An outline is a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas.
Experts in public speaking state that once your outline is ready, two-thirds of
your speech writing is finished. A good outline helps you see that all the ideas
are in line with your main idea or message. The elements of an outline
include introduction, body,and conclusion. Write your outline based on how
you want your ideas to develop. Below are some of the suggested formats.

1. Table Format
 Purpose To persuade
Specific Purpose persuade the community members to reduce, reuse, and
To recycle as means of eliminating garbage and protecting the
environment
Topic Promoting the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling in

eliminating wastes and protecting the environment

Pattern Problem-solution

Introduction Share facts on the current situation of the

environment. State the message of the speech
(specific topic)
Body Discuss how improper waste disposal becomes an environmental

problem.

Explain how reducing, reusing, and recycling, would eliminate

wastes and protect the environment.
Conclusion State the specific purpose of your speech again.
Call for action.

2. List Format

 The body of the speech provides explanations, examples, or any details that
canhelp you deliver your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech.
One major consideration in developing the body of your speech is the focus
orcentral idea. The body of your speech should only have one central idea.

The following are some strategies to highlight your main idea.

 Present real-life or practical examples
 Show statistics
 Present comparisons
 Share ideas fromthe experts or practitioners
 The introduction is the foundation of your speech. Here, your primary goal is
to getthe attention of your audience and present the subject or main idea of
your speech. Your first few words should do so The following are some
strategies.
 Use a real-life experience and connect that experience to your subject.
 Use practical examples and explain their connection to your subject.
 Start with a familiar or strong quote and then explain what it means.
 Use facts or statistics and highlight their importance to your subject.
 Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.

• The conclusion restates the main idea of your speech. Furthermore, it

provides a summary, emphasizes the message, and calls for action. While the
primary goal of the introduction is to get the attention of your audience, the
conclusion aims to leave the audience with a memorable statement.

The following are some strategies.

o Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message.
o Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from
songsor stories familiar to your audience.
o Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience
reflector ponder.

• Editing/Revising your written speech involves correcting errors in

mechanics, such as grammar, punctuation, capitalization, unity, coherence,
and others. Andrew Dlugan (2013), an award-w inning public speaker, lists six
power principles for speech editing.

 Edit for focus.

“So,what’sthepoint?What’sthemessageofthespeech?”
Ensure that everything you have written, from introduction to conclusion,
isrelatedto your central message.

 Edit for clarity.

“Idon’tunderstandthemessagebecausetheexamplesorsupportingdetails
wereconfusing.”
Make all ideas in your speech clear by arranging themin logical order (e.g.,
mainidea first
then supporting details, or supporting details first then main idea).

 Edit for concision.

“Thespeechwasallovertheplace;thespeakerkepttalkingendlesslyasifnoonewaslisten
ingto him/her.”

Keep your speech short, simple, and clear by eliminating unrelated stories
and sentences and by using simple words.
  Edit for continuity.
“Thespeechwastoodifficulttofollow;Iwaslostinthemiddle.”
Keep the flow of your presentation smooth by adding transition words
andphrases.

 Edit for variety.

“Ididn’tenjoythespeechbecauseitwasboring.”
 Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and style fromformal to
conversationaland v ice-versa, moving around the stage, or adding
humor Edit for impact and beauty.

“There’snothingreallyspecialaboutthespeech.”
Make your speech memorable by using these strategies: surprise the
audience,use vivid descriptive images, write well-crafted and memorable
lines, and use figures of speech.

 Rehearsing gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not
work for you and for your target audience. Some strategies include reading
yourspeech aloud, recording for your own analysis or for your peers or
coaches to give feedback on your delivery. The best thing to remember at this
stage is: “Constantpracticemakesperfect.”

SomeGuidelinesinSpeechWriting
1. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by your
audience, not read.
2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words because they can confuse
youraudience.
3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I,” but take care
not to overuse it. When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your
audience, use the personal pronoun “we.”
4. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal and
conversational tone of your speech.
5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your language, jokes, and
nonverbal cues.
6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.
7. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time limit.
Learning Assessment:

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Directions: List at least 10 principles or characteristics of speech writing.Example:

1. _____
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2. _____
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3. _____
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4. _____
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5. _____
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6. _____
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7. _____
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8. _____
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9. _____
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10. _____

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__ LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Identify and differentiate the processes in speech writing in terms

ofdescription and application.

SpeechWriting Process Description Application

 LEARNING ACTIVITY 3

Directions: Following the process of speech writing. Then, using a minimum of 500
words,make your own speech on the topic “New Normal: The new systemof
education.”

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Reference: Philippe John Fresnillo Sipacio and Anne Richie Garcia
Balgos, Oral
Communication, C & E Publishing, Inc., 839 EDSA, South Triangle,
QuezonCity

For the next lesson, we will have the principles of speech delivery.
KIM MARK G. SAYNO, LPT
CAS INSTRUCTOR