Acknowledgement

It is a great pleasure to express deep sense of gratitude to may project guide Ms. Janvi
Mandavkar for the valuable guidance, inspiration and wholehearted involvement knowledge,
being available beyond the stipulated period. her experience, perception and through her
professional supervision over-witting attitude to help, have greatly influence the timely and
successful completion of this project.
I am thankful to Mrs.S.M.Sakpal, Head of Department, and Computer Engineering for
her generous help and constant encouragement trough out the work of this dissertation.
He was always there for suggestions and help, in order to achieve this goal. I also extend
my sincere thanks to all professors, staffs members of Diploma Engineering Program and
colleagues who were always there for suggestions and help, in order to achieve the goal.
I am indebted to Prof.Vipul Masal Principal S.G.D.T.P. Gove Kolad, and University of
MS- BTE, for encouragement and opportunities and facilities to carry out this project work.
Last but not the least the blessings of my mother and father and my friends for their patience
and inspiration, this dissertation work would not have been possible. We also thanks to all
peon of our college in their contribution in our project..

MR.ANSH DINESH KHOT(2215810109)

MS.RITU SANDESH JAIN(2215810110)
MR.SHUBHAM SADANAND MHATRE(23152460312)

i
 Abstract

real-time communication is a vital aspect of numerous applications, including messaging, on-

line gaming, collaborative platforms, and customer support. To address the growing demand
for interactive, real-time communication, this paper presents a real-time communication sys-
tem leveraging SignalR, a powerful library for ASP.NET that simplifies adding real-time
web functionality to applications. SignalR enables bi-directional communication between
the server and client, allowing updates to be pushed immediately from the server to all con-
nected clients. This system demonstrates the integration of SignalR in building a scalable,
efficient, and low-latency communication platform that supports features like live chat, no-
tifications, and collaborative editing. The paper discusses the architecture, implementation,
and key benefits of SignalR, including automatic reconnection, connection management, and
its ability to scale with cloud-based infrastructure. The proposed system aims to enhance
the user experience by ensuring continuous, uninterrupted communication, while minimizing
latency and maximizing server-client interaction. Performance evaluation and comparative
analysis of SignalR with traditional polling and WebSockets demonstrate its suitability for
modern web applications requiring real-time communication capabilities.

ii
 List of Figures

5.1 Activity Diagram for Prediction of Smartphone Addiction . . . . . . . . . . 27

iii
List of Tables

iv
 List of Abbreviations

CF . . . . . . . . . . . . Collaborative Filtering

LSA . . . . . . . . . . Latent Semantic Analysis

PLSA . . . . . . . . Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis

LSI . . . . . . . . . . . Latent Semantic Indexing

XML . . . . . . . . . Extended Markup Language

TSA . . . . . . . . . . Time Series Analysis

DFD . . . . . . . . . . Data Flow Diagram

v
 Contents

Acknowledgement i

Abstract ii

List of Figures iii

List of Tables iv

List of Abbreviations v

Contents vi

1 INTRODUCTION 4

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 7

3 SCOPE OF PROJECT 14

4 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 17
4.1 Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2 Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5 DESIGN 22
5.1 Entity Relationship Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2 Use Case Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.3 DFD Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.4 Activity Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

vi
REFERENCES 28

Publications 30

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad vii

 Rationale

The rationale for using a real-time communication system powered by SignalR stems from
the increasing demand for web applications that provide instant, interactive, and dynamic
user experiences. Traditional HTTP request-response models are not suitable for applications
that require frequent, low-latency communication, such as chat systems, live notifications,
or real-time updates in collaborative tools. SignalR addresses these challenges by enabling
a persistent, bidirectional communication channel between clients and servers. This ensures
that data can be pushed from the server to all connected clients in real time, without the
need for clients to manually refresh or poll the server for updates.
One of the primary benefits of using SignalR is the simplified implementation of real-time
communication. Building a custom real-time system involves complex tasks like managing
socket connections, handling message broadcasting, and dealing with network failures. Sig-
nalR abstracts away these complexities, offering a high-level API that handles connection
management, message delivery, and automatic reconnection. This allows developers to fo-
cus on the core functionality of their applications rather than dealing with the underlying
networking details. Additionally, SignalR’s scalability ensures that applications can handle
a large number of concurrent users without performance degradation. It supports scale-out
across multiple servers, making it ideal for applications that need to support thousands or
even millions of connected clients.
This report is composed of the following sections:

Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter explains the need of realtime communication system using signal R

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 1

 Chapter 2 : Literature Review
This chapter exposes the literature survey and shortcoming of SignalR

Chapter 3 : : Methodology
In this chapter, the different methods and tools used for implementation of the system are
described. The different design models are also discussed.

Chapter 4 : Result Analysis

The outcome of implemented system is shown in this chapter in the graphical way.

Chapter 5 : Conclusion and Future Scope of work

This chapter summarizes the research work and gives future scope of implemented system.

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 2

 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 3

 Chapter1

INTRODUCTION

SignalR is a powerful library developed by Microsoft that enables real-time communication

between clients and servers in web applications. Traditionally, web applications rely on the
request-response model of HTTP, where a client sends a request to the server and waits
for a response. This model works well for static content, but for applications that require
frequent or instantaneous updates, such as real-time chats, notifications, or live data feeds,
it falls short. SignalR overcomes this limitation by providing a simple way to implement
persistent, bi-directional communication channels between clients and servers. At its core,
SignalR uses a concept called ”Hubs,” which are classes that manage the connection be-
tween clients and servers. A client can invoke methods on the server, and similarly, the
server can push messages to the client without the client needing to explicitly request them.
This enables real-time data delivery, ensuring that the client receives updates instantly as
they occur on the server. SignalR automatically chooses the best available transport pro-
tocol (such as WebSockets, Server-Sent Events, or Long Polling) based on the capabilities
of both the client and the server, ensuring efficient communication regardless of network
conditions or browser limitations. SignalR is highly versatile, supporting various use cases
such as real-time chat applica tions, live notifications, collaborative tools, online multiplayer
games, and real-time dash boards. For example, in a real-time chat application, SignalR
enables messages to be sent from one client to the server and then broadcasted to all other

4
connected clients instantly, creating a seamless chat experience without the need for refresh-
ing or polling. Similarly, in applications like stock trading platforms or live sports updates,
SignalR ensures that clients receive the latest data in real time as soon as it’s available on the
server. On the server side, SignalR simplifies the process of managing and scaling real-time
communication. Developers can easily set up hubs and define methods to handle communi-
cation, and the library handles the low-level connection management and message delivery.
SignalR also provides automatic reconnection features, ensuring that if a connection is lost
due to network issues, the system will attempt to reconnect without manual intervention.
Overall, SignalR empowers developers to add robust real-time features to web applica tions
with minimal effort, abstracting away much of the complexity associated with managing
persistent connections. Its flexibility and scalability make it an ideal choice for building in
teractive, real-time web applications that require instant data updates and communication
between users

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 5

 Chapter 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 6

 Chapter2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Real-time communication refers to the seamless exchange of data between systems where
messages are delivered with minimal latency. The emergence of real-time applications has
reshaped how users interact with software, including live chat systems, collaborative docu-
ment editing, real-time analytics, and live gaming. Unlike traditional communication, where
clients repeatedly poll the server for updates (resulting in high overhead), real-time commu-
nication pushes updates from the server to clients as soon as changes occur.
Key Requirements for Real-Time Systems:

• Low latency: Instant message delivery with minimal delays.

• Scalability: Ability to handle thousands or even millions of concurrent users.

• Reliability: Guarantee that messages are delivered even in fluctuating network con-
ditions.

• Security: Ensuring that messages are transmitted securely and that only authorized
users can access the system.

2. SignalR: An Overview

SignalR is a real-time communication library developed by Microsoft to simplify the imple-

mentation of real-time web functionality. It enables bidirectional communication between

7
server and client, allowing servers to push content to clients as events occur. SignalR is
built on top of the .NET framework and supports various transport protocols, including
WebSockets, Server-Sent Events, and Long Polling, which can be dynamically chosen
based on the client’s capabilities.

Core Features of SignalR:

• Real-time Communication: Provides full-duplex communication between server

and client.

• Persistent Connections: Unlike traditional HTTP, SignalR connections persist over

time, allowing continuous communication.

• Hub Model: The SignalR Hub is a central component that handles communication
between clients and the server. Clients can call methods on the Hub, and the Hub can
broadcast messages to all or specific clients.

• Scalability: SignalR supports scale-out through backplanes, including technologies

like Azure SignalR Service and Redis for handling large numbers of concurrent
connections across multiple server instances.

• Automatic Transport Fallback: SignalR automatically selects the best transport

method (WebSockets, Server-Sent Events, or Long Polling) based on the client and
server environment.

3. Applications of SignalR in Real-Time Systems

SignalR has found broad application across various domains requiring real-time interaction.
Below are some notable use cases:

3.1 Chat and Messaging Systems

• Instant Messaging: SignalR is widely used in chat applications for real-time mes-
saging between users. By using persistent WebSocket connections, messages can be
sent instantly, ensuring a fluid user experience.

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 8

 • Group Chat: SignalR’s ability to handle group messaging enables the creation of
chat rooms where multiple users can communicate in real-time.

• Notifications: SignalR is effective for sending notifications such as alerts, reminders,

or system messages to users in real-time, without needing to reload or poll the server
continuously.

Example: A real-time chat application where users can send and receive messages instantly,
and the app updates the UI dynamically with new messages using SignalR.

3.2 Collaborative Applications

• Document Collaboration: SignalR facilitates real-time collaboration in applications

like Google Docs or Microsoft Office 365, where multiple users can edit a document
simultaneously. Changes are instantly reflected across all users’ screens.

• Real-Time Analytics Dashboards: SignalR can be used to push live data updates
to dashboards, enabling real-time monitoring of analytics, server performance, or other
metrics.

3.3 Live Sports, Streaming, and Gaming

• Live Score Updates: SignalR is ideal for delivering live scores in sports applications
where users expect near-instant updates without refreshing the page.

• Gaming: SignalR is also employed in multiplayer games, where game states are syn-
chronized in real-time across all connected clients.

Example: A live sports application delivering real-time score updates to thousands of con-
current users.

4. SignalR Architecture and Design Considerations

The architecture of a SignalR-based system primarily revolves around the Hub and the
management of connections. The server establishes and maintains connections with clients,
and communication is mediated through Hubs.

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 9

4.1 Connection Management SignalR employs a connection model where clients es-
tablish persistent connections to the server. The server can track these connections and
communicate with individual clients or groups of clients. Clients connect via Connection
IDs, which are unique identifiers for each session. Additionally, SignalR supports group
management, allowing clients to join or leave groups, facilitating targeted messaging.

4.2 Transport Protocols SignalR can use multiple transport protocols:

• WebSockets (preferred): A full-duplex communication channel that operates over a

single, long-lived connection, making it ideal for low-latency, high-throughput scenar-
ios.

• Server-Sent Events (SSE): A simpler, one-way communication channel where the

server pushes updates to the client, used when WebSockets aren’t available.

• Long Polling: In the absence of both WebSockets and SSE, SignalR falls back to
long polling, where the client makes repeated requests to the server, and the server
responds once new data is available.

4.3 Scalability SignalR supports scaling out to multiple servers using backplanes. This
is necessary when an application needs to handle more connections than a single server can
manage. Technologies like Redis, SQL Server, or the Azure SignalR Service are often
used to distribute messages across multiple server instances.
Example: A SignalR-based chat application deployed across multiple servers in the
cloud (e.g., Azure) can use Azure SignalR Service to handle the distribution of messages,
ensuring the system remains performant and scalable.

5. Challenges and Limitations of SignalR

While SignalR is a powerful tool, its implementation in real-time systems comes with several
challenges:

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 10

5.1 Scalability and High Availability

• Scaling Connections: While SignalR supports scaling across multiple servers, man-
aging state and ensuring message delivery across distributed environments can become
complex. This requires configuring and maintaining a backplane.

• Latency: Although SignalR is designed for low-latency communication, in scenarios

with high network traffic or significant geographical distribution of clients, latency may
still be an issue.

5.2 Browser and Platform Compatibility

• Transport Limitations: WebSocket support across browsers is not uniform, and in

some cases, fallback mechanisms (like long polling) may degrade performance. Cer-
tain legacy browsers or network configurations may also hinder the effectiveness of
WebSocket communication.

• Mobile Devices: While SignalR works well across desktop browsers, mobile devices
may face issues due to inconsistent network connectivity or device limitations.

5.3 Security Concerns

• SignalR applications require secure handling of authentication and authorization. Given

the persistent nature of connections, ensuring that users are authenticated and autho-
rized to access specific hubs or data streams is critical.

• Cross-site WebSocket hijacking and other attacks are a concern, necessitating secure
transport (i.e., HTTPS/WSS) and proper token-based authentication.

5.4 Message Ordering and Delivery Guarantees

• Message Ordering: SignalR does not guarantee the order of messages when using
multiple transports, especially in scenarios involving network congestion.

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 11

 • Reliability: While SignalR attempts to ensure message delivery, network interruptions
or client disconnections may result in missed messages. Strategies like message retries
or acknowledgments are needed to handle these cases.

6. Future Directions and Trends

As web technologies continue to evolve, so does SignalR and its application in real-time
communication systems. Some emerging trends include:

• WebAssembly Integration: SignalR is increasingly being integrated with We-

bAssembly (e.g., Blazor), enabling real-time communication in client-side applica-
tions written in C#.

• Edge Computing: Real-time applications are increasingly relying on edge computing

for reducing latency by placing processing closer to the user, which can be combined
with SignalR to optimize communication in geographically distributed environments.

• Serverless Architectures: The adoption of serverless frameworks (e.g., Azure

Functions, AWS Lambda) for scaling real-time applications is growing, with SignalR
integrating into these frameworks to offer scalable RTC solutions without managing
infrastructure.

7. Conclusion

SignalR is a robust and versatile framework for building real-time communication systems,
offering features like bi-directional communication, automatic transport fallback, and scala-
bility. While it is widely used in applications ranging from chat systems to collaborative tools
and live notifications, it does face challenges related to scalability, browser compatibility, and
message delivery reliability. As real-time systems continue to evolve, SignalR remains a key
technology, with ongoing improvements in scalability, performance, and security making it
increasingly viable for enterprise-grade real-time

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 12

 Chapter 3
SCOPE OF PROJECT

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 13

 Chapter3

SCOPE OF PROJECT

The scope of the Real-Time Communication System Using SignalR project outlines the
key objectives, components, and features that will be developed and implemented to build
an efficient, scalable communication platform. The system will leverage SignalR to enable
real-time, bi-directional communication between the client and server, which is ideal for
applications that require instant updates and notifications. The system will be designed
for use in various contexts, including messaging, collaborative tools, live notifications, and
customer support.
1. Project Objectives : Real-Time Communication: Implement a real-time commu-
nication system where users can exchange messages, notifications, and data with minimal
delay. Scalability: Design the system to handle a large number of concurrent connections
without performance degradation. User-Friendly Interface: Provide an intuitive and respon-
sive user interface that allows users to communicate in real time. Low Latency: Ensure that
the system offers fast response times for messages and updates. Seamless Integration: Inte-
grate SignalR into a web-based application or mobile platform to demonstrate its capabilities
in a practical context.
2. System Architecture : Client-Side (Web/Mobile Application): User interface de-
veloped using HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript (for web), or Xamarin/React Native (for mobile)
integrated with SignalR JavaScript client. Server-Side (Backend): ASP.NET Core web ap-

14
plication that uses SignalR to manage connections, broadcasting messages, and handling
real-time communication logic. SignalR Hub: Centralized component for managing client
connections, broadcasting messages, and enabling real-time features. Database (Optional):
A database (e.g., SQL Server, MongoDB) for storing user data, chat history, and session in-
formation, although not critical for the real-time communication but useful for persistence.
3. Key Features : Text Messaging: Users can send and receive messages instantly
in one-on-one or group chats. Push Notifications: Real-time push notifications for events
such as new messages, updates, and status changes. Online Presence Indicators: Display
the status of users (e.g., online, offline, busy) to enhance communication transparency. Live
Updates: Implement real-time updates for collaborative applications, such as live document
editing, task updates, or notifications. File Sharing (Optional): Allow users to send and re-
ceive files in real time. Audio/Video Communication (Optional): Support for basic voice or
video chat via integration with other technologies like WebRTC. Connection Management:
Automatically reconnect users if they lose connection, ensuring a stable and reliable com-
munication experience. Private and Group Communication: Enable both private messaging
between users and group chat functionalities with real-time participation.
4. Technology Stack : SignalR: For real-time communication between server and
clients. ASP.NET Core: For backend services and API development. JavaScript/TypeScript
HTML/CSS: For front-end development. SQL Server / MongoDB (Optional): For data
storage and retrieval. WebSocket/HTTP: SignalR will use WebSockets for low-latency con-
nections but will fall back on other transports like HTTP if WebSockets are not available.

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 15

 Chapter 4
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 16

 Chapter4

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

4.1 Proposed System

The development of a real-time communication system using SignalR will follow a struc-
tured and phased approach to ensure the project meets its goals effectively, with a focus
on scalability, low-latency communication, and user experience. The methodology outlined
below is a Hybrid Agile-Waterfall approach, combining the iterative flexibility of Agile for
development and testing, with the clear structure and planning of Waterfall for initial design
and deployment stages.
1. Requirement Analysis and Planning Objective: Identify the core features and tech-
nical requirements of the real-time communication system. Tasks: Meet with stakeholders
to gather project requirements (e.g., real-time messaging, notifications, user presence indi-
cators). Define key performance metrics (e.g., latency, concurrency). Analyze potential use
cases (e.g., live chat, collaborative editing, notifications). Document the scope, functionality,
and constraints of the system. Outcome: A comprehensive project requirements document
that outlines user needs, system expectations, and key features.

17
Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 18
 Hardware And Software Requirement

Hardware Requirement

• Processor-i5.

• Hard Disk-500 GB.

• Memory-4GB RAM.

Software Requirement

• windows 10

• Python 3.11

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 19

4.2 Action Plan

Name of
Sr. Planned Planned
Detailes of Activity Responsible
No. Start Date Finished Date
Team Member

Formation of Project group and

1 22/07/2024 27/7/2023 All Members
finalization of project group

Finalization of project domain and

2 29/7/2024 03-08-2024 Shubham Mhatre
searching of Project Topic

Discussion with project guide on

3 various project tpoic and finalization of 05-08-2024 14-08-2024 Ansh Khot
topic

4 Searching of Literature review 16-08-2024 24-08-2024 Ansh Khot

5 Preparation of Project Proposal 26-08-2024 31-08-2024 ShubhamMhatre

Preparation of portfolio - Part - A and

6 02-09-2024 06-09-2024 Ritu Jain
submission of it to the department.

Collection of various information

7 09-09-2024 14-09-2024 Ansh Khot
required for Project Planning Report.

Analyse the data as per the propblem

8 06-09-2024 06-09-2024 Shubham Mhatre
defintion.

System Designing : Data Flow

9 Diagram, Activity Daigram or 17-09-2024 28-09-2024 Shubham Mhare
Flowchart

System Designing : Sequence Daigram

10 30-09-2024 05-10-2024 Ritu Jain
and ER Daigram

System Designing : Componet Daigram

11 07-10-2024 15-10-2024 Ansh Khot
and Use Case Daigram

12 Preparation project plannig report 16-10-2024 20-10-2024 Shubham Mhatre

13 Submission of protfolio to Department 21-10-2024 26-10-2024 Ritu Jain

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 20

 Chapter 5
DESIGN

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 21

 Chapter5

DESIGN

5.1 Entity Relationship Diagram

An ER Diagram shows the relationship among entity set. An entities and these entities
can have attributes. In terms of DBMS,an entity is a table or attributes of a table in
database,so by showing relationship among tables ans their attributes,ER diagrams shows
the completelogical structure of a database.Lets have a look at a simple ER diagrams to
understand this concept.

22
Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 23
5.2 Use Case Diagram
A use case diagram is a dynamic or behavior diagram in UML. use cases diagram model the
functionality of system using actors and use case.Use Cases are a set of actions,services,and
functions that the system needs to perform.In this context a ”system” is something Begin
devolved or operated,such as Web sites.The ”actors” are people or entities operating under
defined within the system.

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 24

5.3 DFD Diagram
It’s easy to understand the flow of data through system with the right data flow diagram soft-
ware.This guide provides everything you need to know about data flow diagram,including
definition,history,and notations.you’ll learn the different levels of DFD.the differences be-
tween a logical and physical DFD and tips for making a DFD.

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 25

5.4 Activity Diagram
Activity diagram is another important diagram in UML to describe the dynamic aspect of the
system. Activity diagram is basically a flowchart to represent the flow from on activity to an-
other activity. the activity can be describe as a operation of the system. The control flow is
drawn from one operation to another.This flow can be sequential,branched,or,concurrent.
Activity diagrams deal with all type of flow control by using different element such as
fork,join,etc.

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 26

 Figure 5.1: Activity Diagram for Prediction of Smartphone Addiction

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 27

 REFERENCES

1. Introduction to SignalR SignalR Overview: SignalR is a library for ASP.NET that sim-
plifies adding real-time web functionality to applications. It allows for bi-directional commu-
nication between server and client. ://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/signalr/introdu
ction?view=aspnetcore-7.0
2. Project Overview A Realtime Communication System allows instant communication
between users or systems, useful in applications like chat systems, live notifications, and
collaborative tools. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVeCZX1iZyA
3. Key Features of the System Real-Time Messaging Push Notifications Live Updates
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/signalr/chat?view=aspnetcore-7.0
4. Technologies Used Backend: ASP.NET Core (C) Frontend: JavaScript, HTML, CSS
(with SignalR client) SignalR: For establishing and maintaining persistent real-time com-
munication. Database: You can use SQL Server, MongoDB, or other databases to persist
messages and user data. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/signalr/working-
with-connection?view=aspnetcore-7.0
5. Client-Server Communication Model SignalR uses a Hub to manage communication
between clients and servers. The server sends data to clients using the Hub, while clients can
call methods on the server. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/signalr/hubs?vie
w=aspnetcore-7.0
6. Core Components SignalR Hub: A central point for real-time communication. Clients

28
send and receive messages via the Hub. Connection Management: SignalR automatically
handles reconnections and maintains an open connection to keep the communication flow
intact. SignalR Hubs and Connection Lifecycle
7. System Workflow Client Initialization: The client establishes a connection to the
SignalR Hub using JavaScript. Message Sending and Receiving: Clients can send messages,
and the server broadcasts these messages to other connected clients. SignalR Client Setup
8. Challenges and Solutions Connection Handling: SignalR manages automatic reconnec-
tion in case of connection loss. Scalability: SignalR can scale horizontally using backplane
solutions like Redis, SQL Server, or Azure SignalR Service to handle a large number of
clients. Scaling SignalR with Backplane
9. Use Cases Chat Applications: Instant messaging and group chats. Collaborative Plat-
forms: Real-time updates in collaborative environments (e.g., document editing). Gaming:
Real-time multiplayer interaction or notifications. Monitoring Dashboards: Real-time mon-
itoring systems. Real-Time Chat Application with SignalR

Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 29

 Publications

1. Introduction:

Define the problem you’re solving with real-time communication (e.g., building a chat
system, real-time notifications, etc.). Explain why SignalR is an appropriate solution
for the problem (e.g., ease of use, scalability, support for fallback mechanisms like
WebSockets, etc.).

2. Literature Review:

Review existing real-time communication systems and technologies like WebSockets,

long polling, and server-sent events (SSE). Compare these methods to SignalR’s ap-
proach. System Architecture:

Provide diagrams or detailed descriptions of your system’s architecture, including Sig-

nalR Hubs, client-server communication, and scalability considerations.

3. Implementation: Describe the steps you followed to implement the system. Include
code snippets and examples. Evaluation:

Discuss how you tested the system (e.g., performance tests, scalability tests). Evaluate
the system’s performance, reliability, and limitations. Conclusion:

Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using SignalR for real-time commu-
nication. Suggest areas for future improvement or research.

30
Smt. Geeta D. Tatkare Polytechnic, Kolad 31