NOTE-MAKING

 Phrases not sentences

 Recognizable
abbreviations with a key at the
end
 Appropriate Headings.

 Appropriate sub-headings.

 Points which are numbered

uniformly

 Sub-points-supplementary to
the points, if needed

 Proper indentation

 Title
In Notes avoid the following:
1. Examples, people’s comments,
if they are just supplementing
giveninformation
2. Repetition of ideas
3. A summary must be written
in complete sentences and within
theword limit. (80 words)

Proper Indentation

TITLE
1.HEADING
1.1Sub-Heading
1.2Sub-Heading
1.3Sub-Heading
1.3.1Sub-Sub-heading
1.3.2Sub-Sub-Heading

2.HEADING
2.1Sub-Heading
2.2Sub-Heading

NOTE – MAKING

Read the passage carefully and answer the

questions given below.
Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The
making and selling of drugs has a long history and is closely linked,
like medical practice itself, with belief in magic. Only during the last
hundred years or so, as the development of scientific
techniques made it possible diagnosis has become possible.
The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many
illnesses-with specific treatment of their causes. In many other
 illnesses of which the causes remain unknown, he is still limited, like
the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is
trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the
cause. This is the essential difference between medical
prescribing and self-medication.
The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some
fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug
therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and
people’s nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial
trends are two which have an adverse effect. One is the use of high
pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry which has tended
to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of
drugs generally. The other is emergence of eating, insufficient sleep,
excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from
faulty habits such as these , as well as well from unhappy human
relationships , often resort to self –medication and so add the taking of
pharmaceuticals to the list .Advertisers go to great lengths to catch
this market.
Clever advertising, aimed at chronic suffers who will try anything
because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such
faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce-
by suggestion-a very real effect in some people .Advertisements are
also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as
simple cold and coughs which clear up by themselves within a short
time.
These are the main reasons, why laxatives, indigestion-
remedies, painkillers, cough-mixtures, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets,
nose drops, ointments and many other preparations are found in
quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things
ever improves a person’s health, it may even make it worse. Worse,
because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse
because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because
they might be taken excess; worse because they may cause
poisoning , and worst of all because symptoms of some serious
underlying cause may be asked and therefore medical help may not
be sought. Self-diagnosis is a greater danger than self-medication.

Questions
(A) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make
notes on it, in points only, using headings and sub-headings. Also
use recognizable abbreviations, wherever necessary (Minimum
four). Supply an appropriate title to it. 5
(B) Write a summary of the above passage in about 50 words.
3

Self-Medication
1. Self medication
(a) part of normal living—last 100 yrs
(b) Advance in diag tech..
(c) Drs rqd. fordiag .& treatmnt of disease
(d ) self medicatiom differs from medical prescription
2. Technological Advmnt in medicine
(a) drug therapy
(b)impvt. In pub. Health org’s
(c) increase in nutri’l standards.
3. Clever advertising by pharma’l companies
(a) take advantage of people’s need
(b) chronic suffers
(c ) mild complaints like cold and coughs
(d) Faulty life style
(i) Lack of exercise, over eating, insuff’t
sleep etc.
(ii) stress, unhappy rela’ps etc.
4. dangers of self – medi’n. ss
(a) Prep’n contain unsuitable ingre
(b) Taker becomes dependent
(c) Taker consumes medi. In excess
(d) Prep’ns may cause poison’g
(e) Real cause of illness gets suppressed or untreated.
ABBREVATIONS
1.medic’l -medical
2.ding tech-diagnosis technology
3.treat –treatment
4.deve – development
5.imput-improvement
6.pub – publics
7.rqd org’s , insuff’tnutri’l
 Summary of the passage:-
Self medication is part of normal living. Medicinal experts are
required for diagnosis and treatment of disease according to symptoms
and cause.
The development of drug therapy and improvement in public health
organizations and nutritional standards have helped progress in
medicinal science. Excessive advertising by pharmaceutical companies
and emergence of the sedentary society are two counter trends. Self
medication is dangerous as the preparation may be toxic or contain
unsuitable ingredients, the user becomes dependent and consumes
medicine in excess. Self-diagnosis is worse than self medication.

PASSAGE -2
Read the passage carefully and answer the
questions given below.

Almost all of us have suffered from a headache at some time or the

other. For some a headache is a constant companion and life is a
painful hell of wasted time.

The most important step to cope with headaches is to identify the type
of headache one is suffering from. In tension headaches (two hand
headache), a feeling of a tight band around the head exits along with
the pain in the neck and shoulders. It usually follows activities such as
long stretches driving, typing or sitting on the desks. They are usually
short lived but can also last for days or weeks.
A headache is usually caused due to the spinal misalignment of the
head, due to the posture. Sleeping on the stomach with the head turn
to one side and bending over positions for a long time make it worse.

In migraine headaches, the pains usually on one side of the head may
be accompanied by nausea, vomiting irritability and bright spots of
flashes of light. This headache is meant worse by activities especially
bending. The throbbing pain in the head worsens by noise and light.
Certain triggers for migraines may be chocolate, caffeine, smoking or
MSU in certain food items. The pain may last eight to twenty four
hours and there may be a hangover for two or three days. Migraines
are often produced by an ‘aura’------changes in sight and sensation.
There is usually a family migraine.

In a headache, pain originates from the brain but from the irritated
nerves of muscles, blood vessels and bones. These head pain signals
to the brain which judges the degree of distress and relays it at
appropriate sites. The pain sometimes may be referred to sights other
than the problem areas. This is known as referred by pain and
occurs due to sensation overload. Thus, though, most headache
states at the base of the skull referred pain as felt typically behind the
eyes.

Factors causing headache are understood but it is known that a shift in

the level of body hormones chemicals, certain foods and drinks and
environmental stress can trigger them.

If the headache troubles you often, visit the doctor, who will take a full
health history relating to diet, life stresses, the type of headache,
trigging factors and relief measures. You may be asked to keep
a ‘headache diary’ which tells you to list – the time headache started
and when it ended, emotional environmental and food and drinking
factors which may contribute to it. The type and severity of pain and
the medications used which provide much relief are also to be listed.
This helps the doctor in determining the exact cause and type of
headache and the remedy thereof.
Questions
(b) On the basis of your reading the passage make notes on it
using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Use a
format u consider suitable. Supply a suitable title.
(c) Write a summary in about 80 words.
1) Notes on the contents of the passage;
A. Identification:-
(i) tension headache, or
(ii) migraine headache

B. Symptoms:-
(i) Tension headaches
(a) feeling tight band around head
(b) pain in neck and shoulders
(ii) Migraine headaches
(a) pain on one side of the head
(b) vomiting and irritability
(c) bright sport of flashes of light
C. Causes:-
(i) Tension headaches
(a) long stretches of driving
(b) long hours of typing or sitting on the desk
(ii) Migraine headache.
(a) Chocolate, coffee, smoking.
(b) MSU is certain food items
D. Treatment :-
(i) Self –care techniques for shorter
period.
(ii) Doctor advice for permanent
treatments.

Title:- Headache and their Treatments

2) Summary of the passage:-

Life becomes a painful hell if headache becomes once constants
companion. In order to find an effective cure for it, is very important to
identify the type of headache one suffering from. It can be tension
headache or a migraine, and the treatment as to be found as
accordingly. Complete ‘headache diary’ if maintained may help the
doctor find the perfect remedy to triggering factors responsible for it.
Self medication should be done for only a short-term relief and with
the greatest caution. Doctor’s advice is a must if it persists for a longer
time.

Abbreviations used
1.hsptl – hospital.
2. blding – building
3. don. – donations
4.ayur. – ayurvedic