0% found this document useful (0 votes)
46 views5 pages

What Is CFD and Why?: 1.1 Overview

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) uses computers to solve the Navier-Stokes equations governing fluid flow. The finite volume (FV) method, commonly used in commercial CFD codes, discretizes the domain into control volumes and integrates the governing equations over each volume. This allows variables to be represented at the boundaries between volumes, enabling complex geometries to be modeled. Temporal discretization involves advancing variable values through timesteps, with explicit schemes directly calculating future values while implicit schemes invert a matrix equation.

Uploaded by

Aditi Mullick
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
46 views5 pages

What Is CFD and Why?: 1.1 Overview

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) uses computers to solve the Navier-Stokes equations governing fluid flow. The finite volume (FV) method, commonly used in commercial CFD codes, discretizes the domain into control volumes and integrates the governing equations over each volume. This allows variables to be represented at the boundaries between volumes, enabling complex geometries to be modeled. Temporal discretization involves advancing variable values through timesteps, with explicit schemes directly calculating future values while implicit schemes invert a matrix equation.

Uploaded by

Aditi Mullick
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

What is CFD and Why?

yiQPIQGRX gph veture I

1.1

Overview

gomputtionl pluid hynmis { use of omputers to study uid dynmisF olve the xvierEtokes iqutions @xiA X

r:u a H Du a rp C r2 u C F  Dt    
R equtions for R unknownsD oupledD nonElinerD nd often involve omplex geometriesF

R stge proess IF wodelling

 xE equtionsD  urulene  gomustionD multiphseD shoks : : :


PF hisretistion QF olvingF RF snterprettion

 

u aq p

 

u a w1 q p

1.2

User's perspective

prom the user9s point of viewD gph modelling is Q stge proess X IF Problem de nitionF

 geometryD meshD oundry onditions  physil modelsD onstnts


PF Numerical solutionF

 dierening shemesD soln tehniquesF  tolernes  tully running the solver


QF PostprocessingF
1.3 FD vs. FV (vs. FE)

pinite hierene methods { vriles represented t disrete points in speF herivtives evluted p p @p a j +1 j 1 @x Px { very omplex if the grid distorted or omplitedF pinite ilement @piA methods hve een usedD ut re not ommonF pinite olume @pA method most ommonF { used in most ommeril odes { pluentD eEghD gp etF
1.4 FV Method

 ow region is divided into smll oxes {


mesh

cells

or control volumesD forming

 equtions reexpressed in terms of ow into nd out of eh ellF  his is done y integrting the equtions over the volume of eh ellF
he result is set of dierene equtions whih n e solved numerilly s eforeF he dvntge of doing things this wy is tht the ells n e ny shpe required E uesD tetrhedrD distorted uesD or more omplited struturesF

1.5

FV for transport equation

ter owing in river is ontminted y hemil lekF hetermine where the hemil hs rehed fter given time tF
u u

w W P e E

plow uniform throughout the hnnel X onstF speed u t ll pointsF gonentrtion q of ontminnt
@q @t

@uq @x

@ @x

@q @x

{ the IEd trnsport equtionF o pply the p methodD we X IF plit the hnnel into ells V a Ax PF integrte trnsport eqn over the ellF pirst term X

ZZZ
dV

@q
V @t

dV

d dt

ZZZ
V

qdV

d dt

@qV A

eond term X

ZZZ

a Adx
dV

@uq
V

@x

ZZZ
V

@uq @x

Adx

a @uqAAe @uqAAw

hese two terms re now eing evluted on the oundry fe etween the ellsF rowever we do not know the vlue of the vriles on w nd eF xeed to interpolate to get these vluesF pwind dierening @uqAw a @uqAW ; Q @uqAe a @uqAP

gentrl dierening @uqAW C @uqAP P hiusion n e treted similrly hisretised equtions X @uqAw a
d dt

@qV A C @uqAAe @uqAAw a

@q @x


e

@x A

@q


w

ernging it nd using entrl dierening to interpolteD we get


dq dt

Px
u

@qE qW A a

x2

@qE PqP C qW A

xumer the ells i a H : : : N


dqi dt

3X
x2

Px

@qi+1 qi1 A C

@qi+1 Pqi C qi1 A

1.6

Temporal discretisation

his prolem is parabolic one { solve y timestepping { disretistion of time into M timesteps qj F ime derivtive dq q j +1 q j a et wht timestep re the vlues on the rFhFsF evlutedc
dt t

 ke vlues t timestep j D 3  ke vlues t timestep j C ID 3


ixpliit sheme X
qi
j

explicit

shemeF shemeF

implicit

+1 qj a
i

@q q Aj Px i+1 i1 t C 2 @qi+1 Pqi C qi1 Aj


x ut x ; D

ut

rite
C

x2

t

C a Courant number { signint prmeter in determining the stility of the shemeF

reltes to the diusionF

riting this out s n lgorithm X


j qi

+1 a

C
P

CD

j qi

1 C @I PDA

j qi

C
P

qi+1

e rule for dvning the vlues of q through one timestepD whih ould e written into spredsheetF smpliit sheme X write s mtrix eqution X

0F F B F B D B B L B B H @

U D L

U D

FFF

10 F 1 0 F 1 F F C B jF+1 C B jF C C Bqi1 C Bqi1 C C B j+1 C B j C C Bqi C a B qi C C B j+1 C B j C C Bqi+1 C Bqi+1 C A@ A @ A


F F F F F F

snverting this mtrix provides the solution without the stility prolemsF @lE though the gournt numer is still worth lulting if there re prolemsAF
1.7 3d transport equation

his sheme ould e derived y stndrd ph tehniquesF his is euse the mesh we re deling with ws regulr nd uniformF rowever this is not lwys the seF p pproh mkes it muh esier to evlute the vrious terms for irregulr shped ellsF he Qd trnsport eqution X
@q @t

C r:uq a r:rq C Sq

hen we integrte the seond term hereD we nd

ZZZ

V

r:uq dV a

X
A

uq

{ Gauss' theorem in vetor lulusF

You might also like