What Is CFD and Why?: 1.1 Overview
What Is CFD and Why?: 1.1 Overview
1.1
Overview
gomputtionl pluid hynmis { use of omputers to study uid dynmisF olve the xvierEtokes iqutions @xiA X
r:u a H Du a rp C r2 u C F Dt
R equtions for R unknownsD oupledD nonElinerD nd often involve omplex geometriesF
u aq p
u a w1 q p
1.2
User's perspective
prom the user9s point of viewD gph modelling is Q stge proess X IF Problem denitionF
pinite hierene methods { vriles represented t disrete points in speF herivtives evluted p p @p a j +1 j 1 @x Px { very omplex if the grid distorted or omplitedF pinite ilement @piA methods hve een usedD ut re not ommonF pinite olume @pA method most ommonF { used in most ommeril odes { pluentD eEghD gp etF
1.4 FV Method
cells
equtions reexpressed in terms of ow into nd out of eh ellF his is done y integrting the equtions over the volume of eh ellF
he result is set of dierene equtions whih n e solved numerilly s eforeF he dvntge of doing things this wy is tht the ells n e ny shpe required E uesD tetrhedrD distorted uesD or more omplited struturesF
1.5
ter owing in river is ontminted y hemil lekF hetermine where the hemil hs rehed fter given time tF
u u
w W P e E
plow uniform throughout the hnnel X onstF speed u t ll pointsF gonentrtion q of ontminnt
@q @t
@uq @x
@ @x
@q @x
{ the IEd trnsport equtionF o pply the p methodD we X IF plit the hnnel into ells V a Ax PF integrte trnsport eqn over the ellF pirst term X
ZZZ
dV
@q
V @t
dV
d dt
ZZZ
V
qdV
d dt
@qV A
eond term X
ZZZ
a Adx
dV
@uq
V
@x
ZZZ
V
@uq @x
Adx
a @uqAAe @uqAAw
hese two terms re now eing evluted on the oundry fe etween the ellsF rowever we do not know the vlue of the vriles on w nd eF xeed to interpolate to get these vluesF pwind dierening @uqAw a @uqAW ; Q @uqAe a @uqAP
gentrl dierening @uqAW C @uqAP P hiusion n e treted similrly hisretised equtions X @uqAw a
d dt
@q @x
e
@x A
@q
w
Px
u
@qE qW A a
x2
@qE PqP C qW A
3X
x2
Px
@qi+1 qi1 A C
1.6
Temporal discretisation
his prolem is parabolic one { solve y timestepping { disretistion of time into M timesteps qj F ime derivtive dq q j +1 q j a et wht timestep re the vlues on the rFhFsF evlutedc
dt t
explicit
shemeF shemeF
implicit
+1 qj a
i
ut
rite
C
x2
t
+1 a
C
P
CD
j qi
1 C @I PDA
j qi
C
P
qi+1
e rule for dvning the vlues of q through one timestepD whih ould e written into spredsheetF smpliit sheme X write s mtrix eqution X
0F F B F B D B B L B B H @
U D L
U D
FFF
snverting this mtrix provides the solution without the stility prolemsF @lE though the gournt numer is still worth lulting if there re prolemsAF
1.7 3d transport equation
his sheme ould e derived y stndrd ph tehniquesF his is euse the mesh we re deling with ws regulr nd uniformF rowever this is not lwys the seF p pproh mkes it muh esier to evlute the vrious terms for irregulr shped ellsF he Qd trnsport eqution X
@q @t
C r:uq a r:rq C Sq
ZZZ
V
r:uq dV a
X
A
uq