Python Basics -> 1 Week

==================================
Python?
1) Scripting langauge
programming | Scripting
Java, C,C++ | Python, perl, Unix Shell, PHP,javascript
Java -> compile --> Execute
php/python -> Execute
2)Python is High Level Language
3)Python is both Object Oriented and procedure Oreinted
4) Python is dynamic typed langauage
int a=10 , float b=20.2, String s="Nikhil"| a=10, b=20.2, s="Nikhil"
Intrepreter --> Convertor
Each and Every Line of your code will be converted to machine level language
Compiler | Intrepreter
5) Extensible Libraries -> Plug and Play
Modules / Packages
6) Open Source / Platform Independent (OS)
========================================================
Installation:
http://www.python.org

=====================================================
Variables:
print ("welome to python class")
welome to python class
a=10
a
10
b=20.2
b
20.2
type(a)
<class 'int'>
type(b)
<class 'float'>
s="Nikhil"
s
'Nikhil'
type(s)
<class 'str'>
a,b,c = 10,20.2,"Nikhil"
a
10
b
20.2
c
'Nikhil'
a=100
a
100
a=b=c=10
a
10
b
10
c
10
===================================================================================
=========
Identifiers: Rules to define variables, classes, function, etc.,

1. Identifier Cannot be any keyword

2. Identifier cannot be any special character except underscore (_)
3. Numbers cannot be used as starting character underscore or alphabets can be used
4. Python is case sensitive language you cannot interchange cases

===================================================================================
=========
Literals : Rules to define the values to identifers

1. Numeric : Integer, Float, Complex

2. String: ','','''
3. Boolean: True, False
4. Special : None

===================================================================================
==============

Data Types:

1. Number - int,float,complex
2. String -
3. List
4. Tuple
5. Set
6. Dictionary

1. String:
a="python"
a='python'
a='''python'''

type(a)

Slicing:
print (a[0])
print (a[1])

a='python'
type(a)
<class 'str'>
a="Python"
a[0]
'P'
a[1]
'y'
a[4]
'o'
a[10]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module>
a[10]
IndexError: string index out of range
a[-1]
'n'
a[-2]
'o'
a[-5]
'y'
a[-10]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#10>", line 1, in <module>
a[-10]
IndexError: string index out of range
a[1:5]
'ytho'
a[1:10]
'ython'
a[0:3]
'Pyt'
a[1: ]
'ython'
a[ : ]
'Python'
a[ : :1]
'Python'
a[ : :2]
'Pto'
a[ : :3]
'Ph'
a[ : :-1]
'nohtyP'
a[ : :-2]
'nhy'

=================================================================
String Methods:

a="Python"

a.capitalize()
-> Capitalize the first character

a.islower() --> Boolean Output

It will check the string contains all character are lower cases

a.isupper() -> will check all the characters are capital or not

a.upper() --> convert the string to upper case

a.lower() --> convert the string to lower case

a.index(substring) --> finds the index of substring in the string

a.count(substring) --> frequency of substring in the string

a.split(ref) --> Splitting the string using the reference

a.join(ref) --> Join using some ref element to the element

a.isalpha() --> checks every character is alphabet or not in the string

a.isdigit() --> checks every character is number or not in the string

a.isalnum() --> checks either string consists of number or alphabet or both

len(a) ---> Finds the length of the string

Examples:
a="Python"
a.capitalize()
'Python'
a="python"
a.capitalize()
'Python'
a.islower()
True
b="Python"
b.islower()
False
c="HYDERABAD"
c.isupper()
True
b.isupper()
False
a.upper()
'PYTHON'
d=a.upper()
d
'PYTHON'
a
'python'
c.lower()
'hyderabad'
e=c.lower()
e
'hyderabad'
c
'HYDERABAD'
a.index("h")
3
c.index("A")
5
f="hellohellohihihihihihi"
f.index("hi")
10
f.count("hi")
6
f.count("hello")
2
f.count("h")
8
a.split("h")
['pyt', 'on']
a.split("")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#26>", line 1, in <module>
a.split("")
ValueError: empty separator
a="hello everyone how r u"
a.split(" ")
['hello', 'everyone', 'how', 'r', 'u']

a
'hello everyone how r u'
"#".join(a)
'h#e#l#l#o# #e#v#e#r#y#o#n#e# #h#o#w# #r# #u'
"|".join(a)
'h|e|l|l|o| |e|v|e|r|y|o|n|e| |h|o|w| |r| |u'
a.isalpha()
False
b.isalpha()
True
c
'HYDERABAD'
c.isalpha()
True
g="hello123"
g.isalpha()
False
k="1234"
k.isdigit()
True
f.isdigit()
False
a.isdigit()
False
p="hello12345"
p.isalnum()
True
b.isalnum()
True
v="hello@#dbdjfjbfhfdsdsfh@#&&&"
v.isalnum()
False

len(g)
8
================================================================

List: Similar like Array

List is sequence which allows hetrogenous elements also.
List is a mutable data types

l=[10,20,"Nikhil", 10.2,[1,2]]
print (l)

Mutable ( Changable) | Immutable ( Not Changable)

Number
List String
Set Tuple
Dictionary

Methods:
=======

append --> It is used to add a single element to the last index of list

insert -> it is used to add element at specified index

extend -> Extend a list to a list (Add 2 lists)

count -> counts the frequncy of elements in the list

len -> Finds the length of the list

sort , sorted -> used to sort the data in the list

index -> finds the index of the element

remove, del -> removes element from the list

pop -> removes the element by the index

Examples:
=========

l=[10,20,"Nikhil",20.2]
l[0]
10
l[2]
'Nikhil'
l[2]="Raj"
l
[10, 20, 'Raj', 20.2]
a="Nikhil"
a[2]
'k'
a[2]="h"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#7>", line 1, in <module>
a[2]="h"
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
l
[10, 20, 'Raj', 20.2]
l.append("Nikhil")
l
[10, 20, 'Raj', 20.2, 'Nikhil']
l.append(100)
l
[10, 20, 'Raj', 20.2, 'Nikhil', 100]
l.insert(2,30)
l
[10, 20, 30, 'Raj', 20.2, 'Nikhil', 100]
l1=[80,90,200]
l.extend(l1)
l
[10, 20, 30, 'Raj', 20.2, 'Nikhil', 100, 80, 90, 200]

l2=[1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,3,4,4,3,3,3,3,44,4,4,4,44]
l2.count(2)
2
l2.count(4)
6
len(l)
10
l.sort()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#22>", line 1, in <module>
l.sort()
TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'
l3=[1,2,3,4,7,6,5,9,12,10,11]
l3.sort()
l3
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12]
l4=[1,2,3,4,7,6,5,9,12,10,11]
l5=sorted(l4)
l5
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12]
l4
[1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 5, 9, 12, 10, 11]
l3.index(7)
6
l4.index(5)
6
l4
[1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 5, 9, 12, 10, 11]
l4.remove(12)
l4
[1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 5, 9, 10, 11]
del l[2]
del l4[2]
l4
[1, 2, 4, 7, 6, 5, 9, 10, 11]
l4.pop(2)
4
l4
[1, 2, 7, 6, 5, 9, 10, 11]

=====================================================

Tuple:

It is a immutable (Not changable) data Type

The Elements can be retrived easily than list

Examples:
t=( 1,2, "Nikhil", 10,100, 10.2)
t[2]
'Nikhil'
t[2]="Raj"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
t[2]="Raj"
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
t.count("Nikhil")
1
t.count(100)
1
t.index(100)
4
len(t)
6

====================================================
Set:

1. Set is mutable Data type

2. Set will not allow any mutable data to pass in it
3. Set does not allow repetation of elements
4. Set is unordered collection of elements

Methods:

add -> To add a element to the set

remove -> to remove an element from the set

update -> to add multiple elements to the set

pop -> pop out some random element as there is no index in set

copy -> it will copy the elelemnts from one set to other set

clear -> it will clear all the data from the set

Examples:
=========

s={10, 20, 20.2, "Nikhil" , (10,20)}

s
{10, 20, 20.2, 'Nikhil', (10, 20)}
s={[1,2],"Nikhil",10,10.2}
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#9>", line 1, in <module>
s={[1,2],"Nikhil",10,10.2}
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
s={1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5,6,6,6,77,7,77}
s
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 77}
s={"Nikhil","Kumar", "Rj","Arind"}
s
{'Rj', 'Kumar', 'Nikhil', 'Arind'}

s={1,2,3,4,"Nikhil"}
s.add("Anil")
s
{1, 2, 3, 4, 'Nikhil', 'Anil'}
s.add("Kumar")
s
{1, 2, 3, 4, 'Nikhil', 'Anil', 'Kumar'}
s.update(["som",100,"Durga"])
s
{1, 2, 3, 4, 'Durga', 'Nikhil', 'Kumar', 100, 'som', 'Anil'}
s.remove("som")
s
{1, 2, 3, 4, 'Durga', 'Nikhil', 'Kumar', 100, 'Anil'}
s1=s.copy()
s1
{1, 2, 3, 4, 100, 'Durga', 'Nikhil', 'Anil', 'Kumar'}
s
{1, 2, 3, 4, 'Durga', 'Nikhil', 'Kumar', 100, 'Anil'}
s.clear()
s
set()
l=set()
type(l)
<class 'set'>
l={}
type(l)
<class 'dict'>

====================================================

dictionary:

1. Dictionary is a mutable data type

2. Dictionary is key-value pair
3. Key should be unique and immutable
4. Value can be repeated and can be any data type

d={1:"Nikhil", 2:"Raj",3:"Kumar"}

methods:

d.keys() -> Gives keys from the dictionary

d.values() -> Gives values from the dictionary
d.items() -> gives all the elements from the dictionary
del d[key] -> delete the element using key
d[key]= value -> Adding new element to the dictionary
d.copy() -> copy the elements to other dictionary
d.clear() -> clears all the elements from the dictionary

Examples:
d={1:"Nikhil", 2:"Raj",3:"Kumar",4:"Kumar",5:[1,2]}
d
{1: 'Nikhil', 2: 'Raj', 3: 'Kumar', 4: 'Kumar', 5: [1, 2]}
d.keys()
dict_keys([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
d.values()
dict_values(['Nikhil', 'Raj', 'Kumar', 'Kumar', [1, 2]])
d.items()
dict_items([(1, 'Nikhil'), (2, 'Raj'), (3, 'Kumar'), (4, 'Kumar'), (5, [1, 2])])
d[6]="pradeep"
d
{1: 'Nikhil', 2: 'Raj', 3: 'Kumar', 4: 'Kumar', 5: [1, 2], 6: 'pradeep'}
del d[2]
d
{1: 'Nikhil', 3: 'Kumar', 4: 'Kumar', 5: [1, 2], 6: 'pradeep'}
d[3]
'Kumar'
d[5]
[1, 2]
d[6]
'pradeep'
d1=d.copy()
d1
{1: 'Nikhil', 3: 'Kumar', 4: 'Kumar', 5: [1, 2], 6: 'pradeep'}
d
{1: 'Nikhil', 3: 'Kumar', 4: 'Kumar', 5: [1, 2], 6: 'pradeep'}
d.clear()
d
{}
============================================================

Conditional Statements :

if -> When the statement is true this condition will be executed

else -> When the statement is false this condition will be executed
elif -> When mutiple conditional are checked then elif will be executed

Example:
a= int(input("Enter the number: "))
if a == 10:
print ("Approved")
elif a == 20:
print ("partial approved")
else:
print ("Denied")
=====================================================================

username=["Nikhil","Kumar","Raj"]
password=[1234,5678,9100]
user= input("Enter the username: ")
passw= int(input("Enter the password:"))
if user in username:
if passw in password:
print ("Approved")
else:
print ("Denied")
else:
print ("Denied")

================================================================
Loops:

for : Iteartion over a seqeunce

While : Will be executed only if the condition is true

l=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
for i in l:
print (i)

s={1:2,3:4,5:6,7:8,9:10}
for k,v in s.items():
print (s[k])

for i in range(0,10):
print(i)
for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
print ("Element found")
else:
pass
------------------------------------------------------

While:
a=1
while (a<10):
print (a)
a=a+1
================================================================

control statements:

break --> it is used to break the loop when satisfies the condition
continue --> it is used skip the particular element when condition satisfies
pass --> to just move to next line by just checking syntax

Example:
l=["Nikhil","Kumar","Raj","Varma"]
for i in l:
if i == "Raj":
break
else:
print (i)
for i in range(1,100):
if i == 50:
pass
print (i)
else:
print (i)

for i in range(1,100):
if i == 50:
continue
print (i)
else:
print (i)
========================================================================
Functions: Functions are used for reusability the code
#Call by reference

Ex1:
def fun1(a):#--> Function dec / parameter
print ("Hello Everyone") #] -> Function Body
a=100
print (a)
fun1(500) #-> Function Call/ Argument

#jdfds --> Single Line Comment

#kfhfsfshd
'''
Multiple Line Comment

jdfjfdsfdshfd
afbfhfhgr
kjhdjhfdhjfdh
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
'''
Ex2:
def fun1(a,b):
print ("Hello Everyone")
print (a)
print (b)
fun1([100,12,1000],"Nikhil")
=========================================

#Global variable: Any variable defined outside the function is called global
variable
#Scope of Global varaible is throughout the program
#Local variable: Any variable defined inside the function is called as local
variable
#Scope of it is only inside the function

Ex:
def fun1(a,b,l):
print (a)
print (b)
l=[5,6,7] # local variable
print (l)
l=[1,2,3,4,5] #global variable
fun1("Nikhil","Hyd",l)
print (l)

Keyword arguments:
------------------

Providing the parameter name while assigning the arguments

def fun1(a,b):
print (a)
print (b)
fun1(b="Nikhil",a="Hyd")

Default parameters: Giving the value for the parameter

-----------------
def fun1(a,b=200):
print (a)
print (b)
fun1(b="Nikhil",a="Hyd")
fun1(100,300)
fun1(100)

Lambda Function:
---------------
Special Function or ananomyous Function
def fun1(a,b):
print (a+b)
fun1("Nikhil","Hyd")

fun1= lambda a,b : a+b

print (fun1("Nikhil","Hyd"))

Function inside a Function:

--------------------------

def fun1(a,b):
print (a+b)
def fun2():
print ("This is the second function")
fun1("Nikhil","Hyd")
fun2()
==============================================================

File Handling:
-------------

File with format .txt is text file . Other format is binary file.

File Operations:

open
read/write
close

File Modes:
-----------
r - read mode
w - write mode
r+ - both read and write mode
a - append mode
w+ - both read and write mode
rb - reading binary file

read:
f= open("file2.txt","r")
f1=f.read()
print (f1)

write:
f= open("sample.txt","w")
f.write("jfshjffjhfjhfjhfjfghgjfhfgjhgjgf")
f.close()

append:
f= open("sample.txt","a")
f.write("cvbfbfbbfdsfdhhf")
f.close()

read and write:

f= open("F://nikhil.txt","w")
f.write("Creating new file and writing data")
f.close()
f1=open("F://nikhil.txt","r+")
f2=f1.read()
print (f2)

read lines / write lines:

f= open("F://nikhil.txt","w")
f.writelines("Creating new file and writing data\nfjfhjfdhjfdh")
f.close()
f1=open("F://nikhil.txt","r+")
f2=f1.readlines()
for i in f2:
print (i)

Ex2:
f= open("F://nikhil.txt","w")
f.writelines("Creating new file and writing data\nfjfhjfdhjfdh")
f.close()
f1=open("F://nikhil.txt","r+")
f2=f1.readlines()
for i in f2:
if "new" in i:
print ("Data found")
else:
print ("Data not found")

Ex2:
f1=open("file3.txt","r")
f2=f1.readlines()
print (f2)
print (len(f2))
for i in f2:
if "hello" in i:
print (i)
else:
pass

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exception Handling:
------------------

try : lets you test a block of code for errors

except : lets to handle the exception caused in try block

finally : default block which is executed

Ex:
#NameError
try:
a=100
print (B)
except:
print ("Exception handled")

finally:
print ("This is the finally block")

#IO Exception
try:
f=open("jjfdhhfdhdf.txt","r")
f1=f.read()
print (f1)
except IOError as e:
print ("Exception handled")
print (e)
#IO Exception
try:
f=open("file1.txt","r")
f.write("vdjfhfhfh")
except IOError as e:
print ("Exception handled")
print (e)

#IO Exception
try:
 f=open("file1.txt","r")
f.write("vdjfhfhfh")
except BaseException as e:
print ("Exception handled")
print (e)

#Module Exception
try:
import jjdhjsfdsbdsf
except ImportError as e:
print ("Exception handled")
print (e)

import math
import random
print (math.pow(2,3))
print (math.sqrt(25))
print (math.pi)
print (random.randint(1,100))

#Arthmetic Exception
try:
a=1/0
print (a)
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print ("Exception handled")
print (e)

#Arithmetic Exception
try:
a=1/0
print (a)
except ArithmeticError as e:
print ("Exception handled")
print (e)

#Index Exception
try:
l=[1,2,3,4,5]
print (l[20])
except IndexError as e:
print ("Exception handled")
print (e)

#Raise Exception:
try:
raise Exception ("This is value Error")
except Exception as e:
print ("this is handled")
print (e)

====================================================================
Interview: 2 years in Seleinum with Python

Python theory / Python Programs : 40%

Selenium Concepts : 20%
Framework/ GIT/Jenkins / Agile Methodology : 20%
Manual Testing/ API Testing/ DB testing : 20%
=====================================================================
OOPS:

class
object
variable
methods

Gated community --> 500 flats

20, 15 ---> Design , Floor plan , blueprint

construct

class --> blueprint --> information -> variables, methods

flat ---> object

Example:
class employee:
a=10 # static variable or class variable
def nikhil(self,name,age,salary): #creating a function
b=20 # b is local variable
self.name = name # non static variables
self.age = age
self.salary = salary
print (b)

def display(self):
print ("Employee name: ", self.name)
print ("Employee age: ", self.age)
print ("Employee salary: ", self.salary)

def f1(self,c):
self.c=c
print (self.c)

emp1=employee()
emp1.nikhil("arjun",36,150000)
emp1.display()
emp1.f1(1000)
print (emp1.a)

emp2=employee()
emp2.nikhil("nikhil",36,120000)
emp2.display()
emp2.f1(25000)
print (employee.a)

emp3=employee()
emp3.nikhil("dffhg",222,245556)
emp3.f1(11212)

Ex:
class employee():
a=10 # static variable
def __init__(self,name,age,salary): #creating a function
 b=20 # local variable
self.name = name # instance varaible
self.age = age
self.salary= 150000
print (b)

def m1(self):
print ("Hello Everyone")

def display(self,address):
print ("Employee name: ", self.name)
print ("Employee age: ", self.age)
print ("Employee salary: ", self.salary)
self.address="Hyderabad"
print ("Address:", self.address)

def __del__(self):
print ("destructor is called when an object is deleted")

@staticmethod
def m2():
print ("this is a static method")

@classmethod
def m3(cls):
print ("this is class method")

ref1 = employee("nikhil",36,120000)
print (employee.a) #10
ref1.display("Pune")
ref1.m1()
del ref1

ref2=employee("anand",20,25000)
ref2.display("Hyderabad")
ref2.m1()

ref3=employee("rohith",20,25000)
ref3.display("Hyderabad")
ref3.m1()

employee.m2()
employee.m3()

#class variable or static variable: Any variable inside the class and outside the
method
#instance method: Any method with self as first parameter
#local variable: Any variable within the method without self keyword
#self: Default parameter which refer to the current object
# object --> entity of a class
# data memeber --> any variable (Class variable or static ,Instance variable or non
static , Local Variable)
#constructor --> __init__ (Automatically called when an object is created)
#destructor --> __del__ ( Automatically called when object is deleted)
# non static variable :it is defined inside methods with self keyword
#instance varaibles: Any variable with self keyword is called as instance variables
# 3 types variables:
#1. Class Variable or static varaiable: Inside Class and Outside Method ->
#2. Instane Variable or non static variable: Any Variables inside method with self
Keyword ->#self.name
#3. Local variabe: Any Variable inside method without self keyword -->

==============================================================================

OOPS Features:

1. Polymorphism
2. Encapsulation
3. Abstraction
4. Inheritance

1. Polymorphism: mutliple forms

method overloading
===================
#METHOD OVERLOADING : SAME METHOD DIFFERENT PARAMETERS
#( NOT POSSIBLE DIRECTLY IN PYTHON)

Example:
class employee1():
def name(self):
print("Harshit is his name")
def salary(self):
print("3000 is his salary")
def age(self):
print("22 is his age")
def salary(self,a):
print ("salary with one parameter")
def salary(self,a,b):
print ("Salary with 2 paramaters")
emp1=employee1()
emp1.name()
emp1.age()
emp1.salary(1000,2000)
================================================================
METHOD OVERRIDING: child class method is overrding the parent class method when the
method
and number of parameters are same
Ex:
class employee1():
def name(self):
print("Harshit is his name")
def salary(self):
print("3000 is his salary")
def age(self):
print("22 is his age")
class employee2(employee1):
def m1(self):
print ("hello")
def salary(self):
print ("New salary is 5000")

emp2=employee2()
emp2.m1()
emp2.salary()
emp2.age()
emp2.name()
emp1=employee1()
emp1.name()
emp1.age()
emp1.salary()

============================================================
Inheritance: Child class Inheriting the properties of parent class

1. Single Inheritance
2. Multiple Inheritance
3. Multilevel Inheritance
4. Hireachial Inheritane

1.SimpleInheritance: A
|
B

2. Multiple Inheritance A
|
B (A)
|
C (B,A)
|
D(C,B,A)

3. Multi Level A
|
B(A)
|
C(B)
|
D(C)

4. Hierarchical A
|
B(A)
|
C(A)
|
D(A)

Examples:
==========

Multi-Level :
class employee1():
def name(self):
print("Harshit is his name")
def salary(self):
print("3000 is his salary")
def age(self):
print("22 is his age")
class employee2(employee1):
def m1(self):
print ("hello")
def salary(self):
print ("New salary is 5000")
class employee3(employee2):
def m2(self):
print ("this is the child class of employee2")

def m3(self):
print ("This is multilevel inheritance")

emp3=employee3()
emp3.m2()
emp3.m3()
emp3.salary()
emp3.m1()
emp2=employee2()
emp2.m1()
emp2.salary()
emp2.age()
emp2.name()
emp1=employee1()
emp1.name()
emp1.age()
emp1.salary()

------------------------------------------------------------------

multiple inheritance:
class employee1():
def name(self):
print("Harshit is his name")
def salary(self):
print("3000 is his salary")
def age(self):
print("22 is his age")
class employee2(employee1):
def m1(self):
print (super().salary())
print ("hello")
def salary(self):
print ("New salary is 5000")

class employee3(employee2,employee1):
def m2(self):
print ("this is the child class of employee2")

def m3(self):
print ("This is multilevel inheritance")

emp3=employee3()
emp3.m2()
emp3.m3()
emp3.salary()
emp3.m1()
emp3.age()
emp3.name()
emp2=employee2()
emp2.m1()
emp2.salary()
emp2.age()
emp2.name()
emp1=employee1()
emp1.name()
emp1.age()
emp1.salary()

==========================================================

Hierarchical Inheritance:
class employee1():
def name(self):
print("Harshit is his name")
def salary(self):
print("3000 is his salary")
def age(self):
print("22 is his age")
class employee2(employee1):
def m1(self):
print (super().salary())
print ("hello")
def salary(self):
print ("New salary is 5000")

class employee3(employee1):
def m2(self):
print ("this is the child class of employee2")

def m3(self):
print ("This is multilevel inheritance")

emp3=employee3()
emp3.m2()
emp3.m3()
emp3.salary()
emp3.age()
emp3.name()
emp2=employee2()
emp2.m1()
emp2.salary()
emp2.age()
emp2.name()
emp1=employee1()
emp1.name()
emp1.age()
emp1.salary()

===========================================================

Encapsulation: Binding the data together so that it is not

available outside the class

1. Privatization of variables and methods

Ex:

#ENCAPSULATION: BINDING THE DATA TOGETHER

#Variable and Method Privatization
class employee():
__a=100
def f1(self,name,age,salary):
self.name = "nikhil"
self.age = 36
self.__salary = 123400

def fun1(self):
print (self.__salary)

def m2(self):
print (self.name)
print (self.age)

def __m4(self):
print ("this is a private method")

def m3(self):
print (employee.__a)
employee.__m4(self)

object1 = employee()
object1.f1("nikhil",50,5565555)
object1.fun1()
object1.m2()
object1.m3()

===================================================================

Abstraction:

#ABSTRACTION : Hiding the data to the outer World

from abc import ABC,abstractmethod

class employee(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def emp_id(self,ide):
pass

class childemployee1(employee):
def emp_id(self,ide):
self.ide=ide
print(self.ide)

emp1 = childemployee1()
emp1.emp_id(1000)

#====================================================
Ex2:

from abc import ABC,abstractmethod

class employee(ABC):

@abstractmethod
 def emp_id(self,ide):
pass

def f1(self):
print ("Non abstract method")

class childemployee1(employee):
def emp_id(self,ide):
self.ide=ide
print(self.ide)

def m1(self):
print ("Hello")

class childEmployee2(employee):

def emp_id(self,ide):
self.ide=ide
print(self.ide)

def m2(self):
print ("Bye")

emp1 = childemployee1()
emp1.emp_id(1000)
emp2=childEmployee2()
emp2.m2()
emp2. emp_id(2000)
emp2.f1()
================================================================================

Selenium, Cypress, UFT, Tosca, Katalon

===============================================================================

Selenium Day1:
Selenium Introduction:

Selenium is a open soure Suite of Testing Tools used for mainly Functional Testing
of webapplications
Selenium supports multiple languages ( Ruby- 5, C# - 5, Python - 40 , Java -
50 ,Java Script,Perl etc.,)
Devloper (40 ), Data scientist (30 ), Automation (30) --> naukari , python,
selenium,API Testing,selenium webdriver
Selenium supports multiple os( windows, Linux, Mac)
Selenium supports multiple browsers ( Chrome, FireFox, Safari) -> Parellel Testing

Limitations:
1. Cannot automate Desktop Based Application
( Auto IT/ Pyautogui ) has to be used to work on Windows ( Desktop ) Applications
2. Cannot generate Reports - TestNg and Extent Reports / HTML and Allure Reports
3. Proritizing and Organize-> pytest , unit, Robot
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
HTML, Angular --> Selenium

Java / Python ---> backend

==============================================================================
Selenium has 4 components :
Selenium IDE:
IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a Firefox plugin.
It is one of the simplest frameworks in the Selenium Suite.
It allows us to record and playback the scripts

RC:Remote Control Limitations Slower

Client ---> RC ---->Application
Selenium RC, also known as Selenium 1, was the main
Selenium project for a long time before the WebDriver merge brought up Selenium 2.
It mainly relies on JavaScript for automation.
It supports Ruby, PHP, Python, Perl and C#, Java, Javascript.
It supports almost every browser out there.

Webdriver: Client ---> Browser

Selenium WebDriver is a browser automation framework that accepts commands and
sends them to a browser.
It is implemented through a browser-specific driver. It directly communicates with
the browser and controls it.
Selenium WebDriver supports various programming languages like � Java, C#, PHP,
Python, Perl, Ruby. and Javascript
Communication becomes more faster
Latest Selenium Webdriver Version: 4.30.0
It is an API Bindings
99% ---> selenium webdriver

Grid: Hub ( Master ) and Node

Selenium Grid is a smart proxy server

that makes it easy to run tests in parallel on multiple machines
Hub is created and it is connected to nodes.

---------------------------------------------------------

Selenium Webdriver : Install/Configure/Run:

Prerequestie: python and IDE ready -- Pycharm

1. Install Selenium

pip install selenium , configure python and pycharm path in env

2. download -- chromedriver ( Chrome ), Iedriver ( IE ), geckodriver ( Firefox )

3. Launch the application using url

4. Perform Basic activaties on webpage using sripts

-------------------------------------------------
Selenium Day1:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
service_obj=Service("C://Users//admin//Desktop//chromedriver.exe")
driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element(By.ID,"name").send_keys("sindhusha")
driver.find_element(By.ID,"ph_no").send_keys("4545454454")
driver.find_element(By.ID,"email").send_keys("[email protected]")
driver.close()

=================================================================

Locators:

Locators:

id --> find_element(By.ID,"value")
class name -->
name --> find_element(By.NAME,"value")
xpath --> find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']")
tagname --> find_element(By.TAGNAME,"a")
link text
partial link text
css selector

===========================================================================
Ex:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
service_obj=Service("C://Users//admin//Desktop//chromedriver.exe")
driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Nikhil Raj")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@name='ph_no']").send_keys("9552225444")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"(//input[@class='nor-text'])
[3]").send_keys("[email protected]")
driver.find_element(By.ID,"name").clear()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Kumar")
driver.close()
====================================================================

Radio Button and Check Box:

Ex:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
service_obj=Service("C://Users//admin//Desktop//chromedriver.exe")
driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Deepak")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@name='ph_no']").send_keys("9552225444")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"(//input[@class='nor-text'])
[3]").send_keys("[email protected]")
driver.find_element(By.ID,"name").clear()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Kumar")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Student']").click()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Un-Employed/Job Seeker']").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.close()

========================================================================

Ex2:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
service_obj=Service("C://Users//admin//Desktop//chromedriver.exe")
driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Deepak")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@name='ph_no']").send_keys("9552225444")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"(//input[@class='nor-text'])
[3]").send_keys("[email protected]")
driver.find_element(By.ID,"name").clear()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Ramesh")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Student']").click()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Employed']").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='CORE_JAVA']").click()
time.sleep(2)
driver.close()

=======================================================================

#WebDriver Methods:

driver.get()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element()
driver.find_elements()
driver.close()
driver.implicitly_wait()
driver.refresh()
driver.back()
driver.forward()
driver.quit()
driver.switch_to_window()
driver.switch_to_alert()
driver.switch_to_frame()
driver.title()
driver.current_url()
driver.execute_script()
driver.window_handles()

=========================================================================
Ex: refresh(), forward(), back(), current_url(), title
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
service_obj=Service("C://Users//admin//Desktop//chromedriver.exe")
driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Deepak")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@name='ph_no']").send_keys("9552225444")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"(//input[@class='nor-text'])
[3]").send_keys("[email protected]")
driver.find_element(By.ID,"name").clear()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Ramesh")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Student']").click()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Employed']").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='CORE_JAVA']").click()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='C-Language']").click()
time.sleep(2)
print (driver.title)
print (driver.current_url)
driver.refresh()
driver.back()
driver.forward()
driver.close()

=========================================================================

Assertions:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
service_obj=Service("C://Users//admin//Desktop//chromedriver.exe")
driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Deepak")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@name='ph_no']").send_keys("9552225444")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"(//input[@class='nor-text'])
[3]").send_keys("[email protected]")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Student']").click()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='CORE_JAVA']").click()
time.sleep(2)
print (driver.title)
assert "DURGA SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS" in driver.title
print (driver.current_url)
assert "http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp" in driver.current_url
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

==============================================================================

#is_selected(), is_displayed(),is_enabled(),implicitly_wait(),tagname(All links)

================================================================================

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
service_obj=Service("C://Users//admin//Desktop//chromedriver.exe")
driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Deepak")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@name='ph_no']").send_keys("9552225444")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"(//input[@class='nor-text'])
[3]").send_keys("[email protected]")
a=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Student']")
print (a.is_selected()) #false
a.click()
print (a.is_enabled()) #true
print (a.is_displayed()) #true
print (a.is_selected()) #true
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='CORE_JAVA']").click()
time.sleep(2)
print (driver.title)
assert "DURGA SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS" in driver.title
print (driver.current_url)
assert "http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp" in driver.current_url
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()

Implicit_wait(): Implicit wait directs the selenium webdriver to wait for certain
measure of time before throwing an exception.It is applicable to every webelement

find_element(): To find the unique element in the webpage

find_elements(): To find multiple elements in the webpage

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
service_obj=Service("C://Users//admin//Desktop//chromedriver.exe")
driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp")
driver.implicitly_wait(20)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='name']").send_keys("Deepak")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@name='ph_no']").send_keys("9552225444")
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"(//input[@class='nor-text'])
[3]").send_keys("[email protected]")
a=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@value='Student']")
print (a.is_selected()) #false
a.click()
print (a.is_enabled()) #true
print (a.is_displayed()) #true
print (a.is_selected()) #true
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//input[@id='CORE_JAVA']").click()
c=driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME,"a")
print (len(c))
for i in c:
print (i.text)
a=driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//a[@href='/corejava.asp']")
print (a.text)
time.sleep(2)
print (driver.title)
assert "DURGA SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS" in driver.title
print (driver.current_url)
assert "http://www.durgasoft.com/registration.asp" in driver.current_url
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()
==============================================================================