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Cell Structure and Functions

The document outlines the structure and functions of various cell components, including the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus. Each component has distinct structural characteristics and specific roles in maintaining cell integrity, facilitating metabolic processes, and synthesizing essential biomolecules. Notably, the cell wall is exclusive to plant cells, while the plasma membrane is present in both plant and animal cells.

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jawaidmantasha312
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4 views2 pages

Cell Structure and Functions

The document outlines the structure and functions of various cell components, including the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus. Each component has distinct structural characteristics and specific roles in maintaining cell integrity, facilitating metabolic processes, and synthesizing essential biomolecules. Notably, the cell wall is exclusive to plant cells, while the plasma membrane is present in both plant and animal cells.

Uploaded by

jawaidmantasha312
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Structure and Functions

1. Cell Wall (Plant Cells Only)

Structure:

- Outermost in plant cells

- Non-living, rigid

- Freely permeable

- Mainly composed of cellulose

Function:

- Gives rigidity and shape to the plant cell

- Allows substances in solution to enter and leave without hindrance

- Provides protection

2. Plasma Membrane (Both Plant & Animal Cells)

Structure:

- Outermost in animal cells

- Lies next to cell wall in plant cells

- Very thin, flexible, living membrane

- Possesses fine pores

- Semi-permeable

- Made up of lipoproteins

Function:

- Separates contents of cell from surroundings

- Regulates the entry of solutes and ions

- Maintains shape in animal cells

3. Cytoplasm

Structure:

- All parts inside the plasma membrane excluding nucleus

- Contains water, soluble inorganic & organic compounds, and organelles

Function:

- Site of all metabolic activities


Cell Structure and Functions

- Different organelles perform different functions

- Medium for initial steps of respiration (anaerobic respiration - pyruvic acid production)

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Structure:

- Irregular network of double-membraned tubules

- Continuous with plasma membrane (outside) and nuclear membrane (inside)

- Two types: Smooth ER & Rough ER (with ribosomes)

Function:

- Supportive framework for the cell

- Synthesis and transport of proteins (RER) and fats (SER)

5. Mitochondria

Structure:

- Various shapes, usually sausage-like

- Double-walled with inner folds (cristae)

- Contains its own DNA and ribosomes

Function:

- Site of aerobic respiration (releases energy in form of ATP)

- Synthesis of respiratory enzymes

- Stores energy

6. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)

Structure:

- Stacks of flattened membrane sacs

- Contains tubules (cisternae), vesicles, and vacuoles

Function:

- Synthesis and secretion of enzymes and hormones

- Formation of acrosome in sperm (animals & humans only)

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