0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 13 views 28 pages Object Oriented Programming in C++
The document discusses various programming concepts, including preprocessor directives, function definitions, and variable types in C++. It highlights the differences between C++ and C, the advantages of using reference variables, and the importance of function overloading. Additionally, it addresses the structure of classes and member functions, emphasizing data encapsulation and access control.
AI-enhanced title and description
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here .
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Carousel Previous Carousel Next
Save Object oriented programming in c++ For Later X) hak 2d AMIEMIAC ce. Proyvemkity A> +t, /
AL
DS perrredinn 2b : ) Cte a.
ee
» NIA Ad ecko Albrachia, Proverty, few)
W frsenrd fucdiny fotend variabte.
2) conver SN dereain,
Obseck Wienked Predramiag ty cht
E Potagirus want
charser-~ fe7e_3 39
27 do we-need the Prevrecessor diveckive
tt anchude_¢ iostream> 7? :
DAP Inala Cio streams’ directive. causes thet
pre Precessove te add Ahe_ contents of ioskrearnr
De as Khe Program, Tk contains de carakions’ fon.
dhe idendi er cout ond Are 0Vernator Lc.
The header fixe fostreonm Showdd be Indthdad ab the
beginning of ALK Preoframs Xhoek vse snPur fouxPut..,
kode Mews «
UD How does a2 mon) function Sn C44 differ
from main) dx C7
DIREC MAN) by defowAr nekuwng the Vode
RUE buck Ct + ik Peturns ikeger by clefauth,
2:4) Whak do you think Js dhe_ pain advantage of
the comment lf dn Crt os com rored. do the Bid &
UPC Comment?
SS at sarte Comments ane Freraur used for .
brief, Single Jamie comm evs decause they are_
More emeie dud easier ko pead thay ¢- ste
COMM evctd.25) Desemine dhe marlon Party of a CHt “on
DA Ck Promram 5 made WP of Serena Tarts
Branding dhe math funckish pdake tyes,
Varjatres » overatons dad. prIMre_«
Maden Parts of a cr Program:
Y Dy ede fihes
D Choss decoration - i
D Member furccio, definidions
AD) Main furciim, © Propram .
ZA) FLL evroms , if oye dy he fostoniiig
ert Skakelmenss,
Q) cour 26 Gea":
h) mess Raloy i sa m+ys
0) Cin > U5 > y
GB) QUE LL “Wome ee narne 5
cout 20 Evrey Value 7
QD) 0” Addixion 9x ry
2
> Ay sdo;
Ey “onweckee
— Bre ecd ing
SAakerrewk missing C08 CK Hem MEK HG
We errno
EX Pre ssan-sinser- enna Cdn >> 2 DDd>»
O
Dt Fo characte, Couk SVN fame
OF P WAIN ANF- VIMAARLES SPN EET FE A EN
a ret cramrocken fro, ta’ 20 'Z om A’ 40'Z" cath be_iseg.
ay pipsr Car be Used but hor ok the Leginning,
} UnderSeore. carn be Used buk SPace 5 We% Fevintbsy,
a) A Key word Cahvok be Wed a3 Variable home.
rh (ar) A Veraabte dan be decaved act Whene_
jo wee PVE TAM bik bedme the using of Ahe_
Yar sob*O-
gue ELL Vordabtes nuse be dechoy ed ak *he_
be gens of Ahe_ Program.
3-2) Are UNSithed Ant Can be kWite os Lorge'as
whe Signed tk. Ercpisin hor?
>
BD wy does crt have sre modifiens?
=> TO Serre athe needs of rariow igen
_ The modifiens sisned, ursished , dong, acd. thant
mar be applied. to character acd integer hasic
daka Ayves. However » the modifier 42ng nay Also
be appried 26 datas~ AT Pe
nee _ oka
&D WHOK Ome awe! ap PLCAKEMmS ahem a
BN Gee 7
SD Tro oma. Wes of Youd aves
e tie
W Ae Sreckty Ake veaumn drre of a fuuctio When
BX Is ye Vetuwning any valve.
is cto AD
DY) To drddcate, PUA, EMERY, A Gubinerd' Adis
Fond,
Exanpie + Void Cuncain, Word)
ee,
Rwodhew Sukewesting we of Void Sx dhe dectaratin
of gerewacd Podwren
Exampre +
Pa
VBLNFP; 90 55 geveyas Posies,
A Pointe Veluwe of ONT baste dar &
Obigned Bow FPereric Ppolnteys
tok “Ap;
OP = APS //vaa,
TPE Cay be
3S) Cam we assign a. Vola Polke a5 an dit
ANPE foiwter? TH hot, WhY 2 Wow com re BLh Fe
aEs 2
S ve connor ASSRAW
Ww Vord
Ane Pe Yolen
divectay,
ASSIgH A Poiten ts
Pobiren ao ay
Be cause
Porter
do
dota
ve
MoAb ey>
ATE usr be Yratehed . he car, Othie
AMES WSEnZ cording,
Pome ts
Voad “PP 5
ack “oP ,
a9 = (in) ar
Jbr <>36) pescorive, WRK exam Pres , the uses of Qnamenatin
dake AVES: .
=> pie eretre naked daca avPe is a& usen -defired
ayre pK Aacetes away 46 AEKOLHIn hames Ao
eempens FUSE
enon Kuek (EER, CSE, ECE CE) Me TE Mm);
The Erwin Keyword. Aiko MakieLAy enumerakes
Eee zo O
cee ao
Bce 0 2
cE #3
me wt
IME wt 5
Th Gt ach enumeraked dakr tyPpe_pedatye Arg
orm s$eParakte 17 Pe.
Be) Hoy does a emskowk defined bY cet. differs
from dhe Cmsktnrt defihed b7 the_ Pre Processor.
ghokerenk H define 7
FP amsiden cu enanpse_ > FH defire PI 3-14163
The Preprocessor dinective H defie avypearing ak ,
are begining of youn Program srecifies thot cthe_
Bdeusifien PT WX be_Vverlace. LY the Lenk
BATISI thvorgthoue Be Profrarn. ‘
The Keyywond Cows (frm emstort) Phecedey the: tots
drve of oo yerkavie specifies thack, dhe valve. ofan
Vorhabte Wire Wore be changed thro pak De Profran,
FN Shot, Const AMOS US 20 Creat. £7 Ved costars
Auskead of having to Use H define 20 Checie
Costantke athok howe ho Ayre UNfprynatin,.71D) What is a wefevence: variate) What “s AAS
Major use? :
TS A neference Variabie Provides aly acthée
OLOS (eek alter Wadkre_ hae)
A main avpticakion of reference vartartes
as ay PoSSi4 J GrGuimewt3 to Fe rtions «
BAD Lise at deat fun new overcdens added
bY crt WA ald ov.
D> ew ovenctone added by e++ are’:
L) Score nego luxion oVercetms tt
YD Memo» vesoase. Oenatom delete ord
Deoernonr altocation OVercdon and
+) Prerd Widsh WPerakon
| 5) Line feed OWeraton
BUb) Whak 5 te ae pacatin, of Ae geope
| VEBAWAM OPEmator 22 iy C447
=> A major BP PILCOKION Od AO seore_ Ve Sod utcio,
OPerak™ As Sy Ahe_ CAS SES Ao Felon dify dhe.
"cass AS WL A Member Fumes betongzg.
3-6) Find evmons, UY aay, in athe forewing
or
St OO ONS ©
(a) Ang front %;7
(Qs) chaw ter = ve; UVE Zs a Vosd Printes
Ce) nk Cede = threes UAhree tsa. Chuveraty,
la) int *P = hew; (f Bdocake reromny blah Nery
. a Pik nwo, . lo;
WEeNwn (sreen, ere ed); DF ak =P = Lew Say Ce);
Cf) de® cox TP ate [ry dum TuLate= ovo ;
CF) coms Ink amen shee > Y chew hae CO} = “Ysp :
See [CS At+4) Cour CES
Ch) for (Ze ACS AY) CowError
aes
© mony ot Pes
Ch) deve HSK be_matered
Ww re erhor
(a) sym de%_emnom
Le) doe rome Wsssing
CQ address hare ad assign
duskead of Cmte
) ert Wedvires a emse
ae ve SHA A Laie
OQ) Undefined Symbor t
CA) dnvartd vote bie weme_
(J) Wrmg daka tr Pe.
OS) Ke nerd Gi hoe Used as
& variable Nae
WY) arrey Side of chan must Le
Jarfen the. the nunber of
Characters inthe SAV ANG
Con eotim
fdoak 1 1 dobre
Chan *ep= Chan) vps
DEAPS New re [eo]
enw colsusn (Green, Yelinv, meg),
AK Corst* PHY tetak,
COSK LK arnay sire =o5
for (die is
REM AWY
LAS 10 4) Counce
THK Number = 00;
facak *P =hew fork Cro];
tnA PUuLiic =jo005
chem nang PI="“usay
Chavser-F Page-_)
44D Wor ore_ahe_ ad Vanskagec
Ay Ca 2
D> Forctio pro sory Ping
of fuurction Prototy Pos
As mhe_of the magon
don Provements added to ct + function's. The.
Prodoty fe describes the furcaioy Duiter
face do
athe @mPiser by Poing detains sre as the
Member and Ave of avrfonent aad Ak
of veruen vals.
4-5) Whak Ss the. main advantage
AnGumenks by neferer ce?
€ t7Pe
of Fassing“> Whew Wwe pass cou ments by veference/ the
™MAl Avgumende dn dhe called ferctio
betone arieses Ao the (actual? angements
BK Me cLLing -furctilay.
EQ) whew wie you make atimdio, insthe?
Why?
DS Prom a funcrin,
of stectemence » ther,
dntine furcrion,
CMIMUAS A sma NUM ber
at us declined #5
BY decrawing ¢ furctin, Guatine the
SKE Dime be minimized.
+ 2) When do we Need to We deftutr
aeoPiements 24 a furcrin, ]
SS vhen Some, Costaut Yalues cre. Used th
a User defined funcdioy, ther At tS needed
49 OSSLIN A defautt value so the Fare eten,
Bramvie :
1 Fhoat area (frat 2, fwoat pr =e. Itig)
ae
3 vetuyvn prx px he
+3
AL10) Whak do ya meant L7 cred Lo,
Ain Gof a
Fumckion 2 When do we Use ahis CHCeRt
EP Over Loading of a furctin, means dhe
of Ahe Same thing br differen Pus
yrhen We need cdo design a family
adh THE FURR Name but lth,
i
Ose
Poses.
of Paretion,
Lfe rey. t
argument AKSKS 7 Aho we We thoy Corcepy.Chapter ~f
5%) whet 48 Class? How does At a COomPLish. data
\xans?
>p CUES AS away do biakd Ahe dara Aird Lbs
ass ciated fFurchims stogedher- In Chass we. Ge,
°
declare a data as Private fm, Which the.
Funcdtm$ ACCOMPLLGH dater- CUkSide the chergs
con wok access Abe doka Gud rhos if hiding,
a) Wak ane obseets 2 Hoy ane shey crea ked2
=> obdeckK LS a VHember of Chass.
py obJec® 4S an Anskance of a Chass Hhak
encarsuiakes data and funckinatity Per hatning
ko ahak daka.
Odes She Cheaked 17 In chance tan?
. ~ Nw CAASS Which,
means Creaking a tnotance_ of Bade cass.
hek ow emscler a SimmPic_ exarvple ,
Dt oy here a sm isa variate of ink AYP.
Again cmsiden edass fri’ s : ee
¢ f
3
here fyulk if Ane Chases
Gn dndeck ag fotloys:
FrLik rnongo ,
here mango 5S an olgect.
NUE. we Can, create.
SD) Hor is x member furcdin, o
=> nemben fumcdin,
Aan Avo Paces:
FA chass defired)
ofa CHAS can be. defthed
* OU&Side Ahe Clare definitioa,,
x ANSKde Lhe ass definisin,s1 OMSkde the eras definidim 3 fame. as other
Normar furcaion, , oe : ‘
SUsside! the Glass définidion’§ Fenenar form:
Yecturn-y po. Cass name ::fumcdinm~ name
so [ Grfement LD
( :
Funcdim bed y
S-2) Wren do We decane. o member of a lag
SkAKRE TL ‘ ,
Smee ve heed @ hew EMA A of A Variable
Ake YO We decane sus Variase ay Searic,
Xtra
G) Veserivne cet Lasic dvPuk ad antruc
SKakeymrewts And explain wilah ROM PLES ,
Sama Ty basic AWlurR acd ortPuct Per etch dons
Gre Performed using Ake "Cin Obseck, for
veaddsZ Wen Anput from the_ Skondand,
BNPut Srean CUsuBsryy ahe_ Keyboard Jand
“Cour! Obteck for dis PLOY IND OUK PUK ™ the
SXOnAarnd CLK P UE Strneany CN Prcauy the
mm ictor), both acce ssed. Ahnougl the
heaclen fine, .
“ Ro Str ean” KROSS the Erba chion
Over ator Cr>) 5s wed for 3.PuK and he
InGer ram DPemator Cec) As ased -fon anrur
Cote ANA RuRLer 5
Cour C6 CEnter a harbers 7;
Cy >> han ,eneghenakimn Of Abe era niet
a 2c" Erker a number)”:
=e Mine Prinss Ahe_ message “Enter AWM}
gn sre Cr SOLA, PromPpiing the user to enter
dnvuk:
ae =, VaveN S
This A»he_ Yeads she_ Users InPUK frm, the_
verward And Stoves it in the Laeger, Var faloc
& Hamer as :
oy) ywrise don ahe_ sintanes of Ahe_ “fon” Los p
ypc he Wee ted do We Noor ii oad Asse
exrisin the differences’ between Ahe_“.tniaer
: doar
“do--- WWE” joo Pe
sinckon of tom” joo P
for (Anitiah Vane) esky inenemernck or decrement)
ats LS
3
BALOWN DS
Srnszax of Write” Joop
Symkan— of Wite’! door _
Vine Coondidio Us arue)
ALEAM 15
3
ALKAM WD
Sy rstan_ of “dow - WW” ooo
te he Orr, Wea ahen'e:
do
t
ACKAM JD
White COmditio ig ty weds
AcraimM V 3ne nee TE . Py
whe Key diffenences between A Ces
Cre is rhak a Wrure: 400? Checks abe a
befome execurihg. Are. dor bad ys means Z
SA Woght hot ru even once. df Abe Carditim,
KS AbGaway fase, White, & do-white Loy
wars executes the Loop body Ak Acast
Once because R&A checks Aho conditain after
ach Fherakin » mancig & an Cente
EmAvosted” 100% Wwheneas White 48 a
“pany Cmtrosted “1002
; 3) Whak i$ the wpe of “sprite”
Sckoxemenk? :
>A SS SWARCK Sheke news”
Bud “breare”
An Ctt AS a COrtrod
Prow Mechanism shat allot! you 'to enecure’
different brocks of code based. m- the: value
of & Variable, ESSCHMALY AChly I ANE
MU Way “if- ese” Where Yar carr checic |?!
Af &® variable Watches af ne. of the sevenan
Possivrie VoluwesS Gd execute athe, Corres Pad ing
Code broek for that macteh;” .
IS Pardicudardy UWefal Whew yar need ho
hand te Wwrtirue Paterliat Duk Comer See y
Ma. Single Variable vilie, -
The_ brea SEN aA AN C44 ay Wed to
Aerrminake dhe execution of a somp 9.
W switch,
sreokemenk .Tk OWS yar do entt Joop oy,
Syke claxement Arm ay Pot
Ahan he soon Logicat end.
theyWD Whar A5 “REC Sa” farcetn® on crs ? a
E> RP PeCUrsShon furcdin, os ett is 4 Function
grok CUS daserf dinecrry om ihdineckty whit
& Emam FS mer. TAs B Method hak con
ye used Ao break down ComPiex Pnobdenis
Jnso SMeM EM, More Yranageabse Photternc _
5S) Deserive_diffenem srves of date tyres ih cry
’ ;
=> There 4-e€_3 differene daka dypes dh Crt wath
aret
Paka Trves in crt
by ve ‘
prime bstve Verved as ee: a Poss or
Ab Stra.
primidive Dake oy pe
See
Primitive. dato ayvres in crt
dake dArPes thek Con be
for the dechawatim
Ave Sone tn butde
“Wed br the user dirvectay
of the_varlabse. Sore Primisig
deka Ayfes BN Ctt ave!
J+ integer
VU: Character
3. Boolean
a Froating. Podink
Dargie Fo aking Porivet
6 Vane hesg om void
As WAade_ chamacter,
2) Thre-pen:
TrAe ger dak AYPes wepre senk anes
WHaWouk A fractimat mm decinal Penk. They cay
be honed (Psidive phe Jab0E, % Zero) O UK sig
(MAY rains. m ter)
Nurtens
Phed%D chy
AvaActoy Fuah Et "
Chamorcers darko AYVeES Ve Present indicat
Chan aere ig, Pron a chavacters sek , Adve ASL
bom lnheode + Dh ert, Chan? L¢ Cammat7
Wed. 30 Represent characlens. ‘
23) Booreay + : wed
Bodrean 4 oko. Ay Pes pePresensy Linany
Varnes, HIPLCOMY Used fr Anneli) om false lo)
COALS TE Chet, “bootleg Used (er Boolean dak.
; m :
1) Frcaking paint i
PRAKIHT- Pod dake sy 76 6 he pnesert humsery
WHA OO Prackioyal pank. Th Ctt, floak’ is aq
SANPEH Pre ctsio fuking poi Lypes,
D Vowste Ploaking point
Dovrrre_ Precision (loading Pot data AY Pes
Ae Used to Wepresent hanJdent with A dange
parnge- Grd higher Precisio, COnPArEC A LO
CfAOOK «TH Cry, doubshe? ss COumornsy tested.
@) Valve tess on veda.
The Void dake AtPE_ 44 C44 2s ed to Andicake..
Hak a functtm does hat hesuwn Any Vakue_
ov x0 dettane. Peneric Pointers thar do hoe
paws to a, Sectfle_ daka APE.
yD Wade character
ero"
. chew daka AyPes, 4 £ =
Wide charac Ke Wea a,
ane Uded *© VePresent tharacdenc aeextended Character S083 , Seek AS umicede Chanactens
Rak WeWNCI MME storage show <. skOrdard ‘chan
Deriave-d Deke Ve:
The derived data wyre_ ih c++ iy derived. Trax Ahe
Primitive claka ayve. Thewe Gre fone deriied
darn Pes Ws Cre daguage;
a. Funcdioy
Ww Avnezy
2> Poduxey
a. Reference
4) Functions,
R function is a neiSabtre boc of code that
Performs a Specifke sask. Tx % aA dened data
aire becanse Yorican define functims to wink
Wish othe AYPES aad cay even vectury ratiues of
differenk daka a7 Pes.
2) Array
Ay Array 35 a derived date ryve Ahak vepresepes
A CodrecAtm of ehemenKs of the sane data t7re,
Stored AN Curguorss Memory kecatiac. The
CAenenry Con be Accessed BY thein ikdere.
3) Poinker
RA Yodsnden aS o derived data type. thak stores
Me KOEMMP addness of Auorthen data a7TPe.
Poinkers Are ofxen used for dynamic memory
BAP CALM nd for ALCESSILZ Wemon® hocaktnry
ire cary,
4) Reference
A redemerce iS a derived dota JY Ye thak acts
OS On CAKES Om & abkerhokie name for anSe NR Vehante.« Fa ahons Yau to mandate
Re MIPGhal variabhe dinect1y 2 ond AK
Annex be hut on nesedsed. 20 another
WOrSatbe a(ten Aritta rd roetr,
“er defined om pbeswet Data Ayre
SF Abstract daka ayPe. th RAE monn p er
MS defined by the users ahem sees tr 4y
Adve defining a class ih structure om othe
TASS Yaraicuar data trre has Some. vortariong,
Khose. Gne>
L) Chas 5
GL Skructune_
Be Laon
Ye Enwmenakim
S- Ty Pedel defined Patatyre
D Ass:
RAedass 35 a Wem. defined data tye that
VePvresenks a Live vrinc, dor creatlag obgects.
TER Cncapsutokes dota Cakkributes) Aud furctings
Cmeaheds) Aha overcete On that deka - Classes
ame Used to Wwedet neat wmid entities And
Provide a way do defthe cusiny daka_
Srruckures ,
2D SRY UCK Ame
A structure 46 aA UWer-defihed data AYPe
Anak Grouys Variasies of diffeneht dake AY pes
Drader A Sinjre None. Streckanes ane_
usefut for OrFAntEnd nelated data Aemerds,
Bustin +
a ds a user-defined data 27 pe, teak!
BLOWS You #0 Stone differnet data AYPes
RR BRE Same MEMO UT CAM « UL Live,$RrULRUVES + Whith Ae coke MemMony fr au membens ©
Unis Same MErmy Gung Aheir membens.
y Ena rmer erry!
Arn Enwn€rakim Us ao User—defived daka ayre_ thas
CSSA of a Sek of named AnkegJen Corstands Te
provides Way Ho create SYMLOLIC Names for,
Volts 29 LmPhove code veadab Uity,
2 tyvedef Defined pato Ar Pe
typedef LF a Keyword thak 24%< yar sto Creuke
priases fm Os ting daka AY Pes » MaKing Yar
Code We veudable Grd Providing Abstraction.
Tay nak aA hew data AYPE_ Lyk a Wa7 26 Create
adxker hadive_ homes for Qusking hes,
Dr crt, dake Aree modifiers are_ used ro rodify
the behavior aud Storage. characteristics Of Lasse
dake Ayves. Ih Ctt -thene ane foun hoakfiens.
Ink /dourtey dad char are athe dota data ‘ayres
hak Can’ se wodified: Oskh g nhese modhitiens
They ane as follons >
L- pred i
de CUcigned re Ry i
3B. Showk :
Ye BOnL ' .
&) D552USS Abouk the oPenatry Used uth ere)
Fr WEMAKIYS Gre SPeciak Simos Used to. Perdfimin
Various Pathe mate and. AeGlcat_ Openaktims On
VaAyiAblesS aud Simbous Known as OVerands .
TLyrex of Operators ik crtOmadhyn etic oferatms> .
These oPemcttons Perfimrrs basic Yrathermatkican
Werodiong dine add 2 Sub Arackim ?.
UPAR » And divs
spe Wit: categorize
he GrTah meric OWerakes nis iaae Rise dro .
Bkagenies sated Or the nunber of Merends |
oa ee poeta Khein fuckinn rks
Tr¥e_ | OPerakor
OPerakm
Prame. of T Puncrion tay
indy +t
“| AW cre rent
Lneneases the *
frakue_ by £
Decrehert] Decn eases ARE Vue
ys ‘ op op ~
\ + Unanz Plug | Wo chamge_ th
| - MWerdnd Vahre—
= Unor7 Chan Fes, the=
MInWS hegakire_number
do the psizdre_
i (vite “versa
Binany bop AAdLALN | TA Arve Values
= |S ubdraction EXbAr ACK Ohe_
Value fron cathe
J OkNey a
* Muksivaiceri! Murai pies dorvro
Valwes
\7 Division Divides One_Ly
Ak< other Vowe
division,
Modusas | Pins the.
remainder afrer
1 —_1___isvim
REALM GL _OPer ads
ENA
Educ to
) Less Aken ov Va a
—— —
Cireaken Ah.
Less Ahanaverake | rare | Functimatiay
ee |
Binary | £& | bestear | pedurng s ede) Sf bath the”
AND
expressions (values Are Aruc
7 ll Logicakh |returns 3 rug) if ome of the_
OR ecpressios /valucs evatuates
do AvWe.
Unary | LS Logica | Wrwepastes the exXPresston aad
jot hedtyrns J or 0,
Birwise oPenakons :
\ty fe. | 0ferokm
Wane
wnory | ~
Mes Complenenk O Brhwise_
COM PpLemevk
Ze hefa hil& ft
>»>- Right shifaos 1 Auber
Baar | & Bikwise_ AND
\ | Bidwese OR
a Bikvise exclusive oR op
XOR
Rsstgrrevk OVEr+ ators t>WY
SS Ker KEMSPY
THs ds aAtso ‘calted a xerhar7’ Overcast.
AK Veomies On Anes Veratdls. The Henna”
Verotom if Wed Ao ercecuke a sex of akemety
When dhe test enpnescen ty Lrue ond ahather
fer oF SracenatS When sires expressh Or |
Rvahwoses to fase. :
SYA
A ] eta
CSL IPHE SSE V expression J: opr neR RUS
True, Burressia 2 be. |
Fore Ble Coton (2) eeetickes!
FakSe 7 Pressing ) ee
i 2
[Gketoy | orenatn Asso xy) CE]
Poafiv | OLJ>.+4+ - Lefa ap ViGR
" Onam7 tol tt -- Rpts to eke a)
CAyre)* & sreof i
[reais */h hefa Ae Rigue i
Addixive} + — bef adgie
tshafe | co >> | hepa we aime
Pelarinad| CC=>P= Left ae rigie | 7
Eqatlity| == (= Le fi Ke pista |
ge Awl & Left to Rigee ||
ger dverwn 7% bef se Rite
iradimarve| ae Lee Agee
COOK \\Rig se Left
PAGce te Ace
[ease A heft to Riget |
Drak iS ray dn ort Profrormmin2-2 piscuge iy desaix3
=> an array by ot ProPrammin? Lar Pucage_ 45 at Porverfu
data SAYUIOYe Bhat ations Wen a Sdore_ and
mmanlPulake a Cortecdton of ehLements, au of the SOIme_
dato AVE WK a Sinfle variable . Simney, it ds a
corecdin of arements of the Same_ data tyne,
Ayvey are the deviied daha srve is cre thee Con
gdome- of both » Fundamental da tYfes Lice. And, and
chav 5 dud devived data avyes ule fae pointers, and
stractwmes The Yalres get stoned ak Cote
CMAAF IOUS ne many docatims Ahat can be accessed
Wha *hety index hunter,
ene
dda Type array Name [array cize7:
Excomyse,
Jnr as];
“TN of Avray in c++
Arrars
———
Singte—pimen stone
Mura - Dime ce 1
ee HMO Array
d. Singte- Dirmensiomor amnvay: Tris OMECLM, of
etcmenss of Ale Same dake AYPE Shom|ed in OL
COMAFZUMS LOCK of Memory,
20 Titans Dimencimar amrar: FA SS ay armar thar
cormretns Me_ Hy) Mone anra7ye as its MUEMEES ere WL
see Arts dx the newt JSechiny muawridimensioar
array INCH,Aynay twiataraation Sh ott
Avnay initiatrincio th oft
There ane varioss Wors 20 do thas! .
+ Snintatiae ak she_time of declavakim wilh ?(f)
By ats] =fuustsh>
PT IWaiaRe an epray Without speci ying £45 si,
O% dea yerim Aone.
dy al Je( 3-5 9}
J. Thro Dimension Avnet s ty crt
Franis dre ef anmay , re indexes ane: there 40
desevibe each element , the finsk dndex herresent
A wor, Aud rhe Secmd andex— represents a coduimn,
Stnderw oh 2 WD Armay
doto— Tre adynay name [4] Cea;
ON wow hamster
&: Colamn humlber
2 Thahee Dimensimak Arrays re
cee Nee
The 2D Array Uses three dimensimg , Thene ang
three Ahaes ~the vay thderx, column indo,
da depth Index Ao UWS] Lelencify each atemey
in 2 3D array.
syte of & 3D Array,
daka _TYVve «rray—vame [aj [+J Ce)
a
rdz Warten of UD Grrnars Om derth ofarmay
,: r vows ih Cath 2D arnay,
ae p> we Cokarmns iy each Ip anviay.
ADvendafes of An Arrar
@c(laciert nemmy Wek 2 Array ise+4
We
Condi gums remsrz Jocatims 10 stone the
EC 4emevts
Abus WAZ it Effdctent so aluocate eng
Access
Asda.- +... . A
at) A ZCES Si ADE LEIA ie AS CA ie ee crete
accessed. using thein inden, maring 44 Sasy to Perrviere
sreci pe data ‘fain (ron the «rray,
» perder Performance} nce C5544 g elements Jn ay
one” Gg Ge Andere As fagler than bsihg other data
(Dew dures wake Linked Jiscks Or srees- This us
“ye case aAhe_inder Provides dineck access 4° the
memory A9cakio Where athe element “¢ 4 Stoned,
2 FAcKibitiny: pray thera can ge Used. % fAme
differera Jrves wf dake s dined uding Ans GENS » Hharacers
Gud SHSKSS +
a Easy do dnplement algorithyrs’ many algoridhms
Ly CanPputer SCienCe Use arrors, maning ix €asy to
Srapremmencs Ahese atgmidhms Ay Crt.
B ComPotibre. Width other daka Sdruckur es:
Arras can be wed AX CJMEnCLH WAL odher data
gdruchenes An Crt) Sack O4 Stacks Sd queucs 40
mpremerk comple data shracdur es ad Agmristnms.
e Easy do Pass Xo FUNchiMs> Pypey, con be easity
posed: ab Arguments to fursims uh cr+ ,macingix
easy 0 Vraripytake ter fe aroundty F cota efficiensss
Y) Wrox fs dnherikouce. Proverties \ C++?
=> Inheritance SH Ct has Severna Proverties, dheru ding,
tnherisence mode!
Thhepitance. can le Pursric, Protected MO Privaxce_,
The. mode clexermines har zhe sae Aasss mensens
are accessed in the derived Crass
arnherikonce PES
there are_several AYMes of at henitonce | dnc tadtng
CaN FAe_, WUWAL Level, Bid hierachteun.
ZS-0_ Velakion chars
Thherikance— herr eseows an “TS relaunch ip
becweel, the base ad derived Chasses ~ Fan enanree
J
Aap rsa vehicle, ad a cat 45 & aint— Gade Wetrso biSKKY?
Trhenitamee altos Lode to be rewed ih derived.
CAasses er WE peduces che Hmount of cove. that
Needs de be Wrisker ad maintained.
Encavsutarions i
Trheritance heths to Protect the Lrrcrnac stele
CF aN obyect. from externat thten ference.
Ab Strock Soy +
te Skracston -
TheniAOnee Ans Dre necessary teforimatim! Lo
be shorn av Ane outsicle veorrtd’ White hickin Bw
dhe dm kre menstabin, dextotars .
POT mor Prise > + ;
Trhenikanee AMOS ae obgect cto rake _m multiprs
FINS p WER ares ck Psitre to write more
Berenice Code,
Easier mat, tenance:
CASAC? mats tenance >
Trheritonce_ makes it easier
urdatke Code,
Ao mah tory arnyd
Q) Vmax ave the prorenties =f Posy ran PLE?
2> Tn wr, forrmmplisnr vefens 40 the_abiuity
of an obsect 20 AAaKe_ On murcivte_fonmy, akawing
Ane Same -furtim or orerctom sto, behave
differenny derendis$ on Ahe_ tment, essen tatty
evhabung code reuse bt APE objects of
Afferent classes as Af they wh ene the fone
21Pe-> Key Preferties mUude > Furctia
overtoaddhe Lame far ainy name With &Henent
Panomelerns), forcdion overriding (dew ired
CdS Providing JAS OHH Dare rmentabin of a
base crass virtual fUrckio) y dud the use. Be
& VA AUaAN Keyword to debieve Prantime binding,
EN OLSKE AtHaMWheE HUPKEKA basse oh the
ekuar obteck APC at runtine.
oOoKer Posn LUK VOT Ne tt?
Morrirre forms } a
By ebdeck Can exhibix differak behavionnig i
dePerding Or how AK'S Wed » aUonkyg fom flexdnisiay
ay Code. AdeSigu.
Com pire - ALMe IV Rumdime Poy momPWisin
com Pine - Aa SS Pode mone sin im
© ComPirecs iHe_ PodAtTmnrPls KAD Ver loack'hg) +
Pifferens funckims with the Same _vame bur diffenent
Parameter ALAS Dhe- revved ‘at Genie dimes >”
© Rumsime Patmonvhisin (Pumckion ovenhidig):
A derived At overnides ar vinduat furcdtoy' Prar. the
vase Chass, dnd rhe conrect fiicrio, oS dakenmined
ak Yunkime— bassed M the acn obteek KY ROL
os eA arn
Zh herixnance requirenent }
' PorxTmomPlism Usuary nestes or cnheridaice) Where
aw derived crass Anhensas from. & base clays aad Com
wedi redefine ids meaheds. ook
ale KUON! Keyword}
a es
"Dh Crt) deadening A forcdarn. as “inane! ive rbasd
A$ aoe dered Closes de CVernide LAs
behavior.
JO) whak Gre khe_ Properties of. en capsikatiion)
SEP TR Ott) CrCOV SNL Vefens do the! Prackite:
of bundsing data members Crantatses) with thes,
frrcdims Ahak ovrenctey Om cthen i Wakhin & chars,
yes AyiCdin J dineck accass 2° the date a Ay
AWM Mrodidicakion AhrouPh defined rmrethodls ,
CLS EnZAAWKT ACI EVAN G aka Wado ead Promo ting.
Code Yrodwtavity gad Prodecaton Ly CAO LL gy
hoy Oran entities: car thgernnck wlth an
OvIeHSs Anterhar Stake y key Pro rondees Anclude +
Doka Kidng >
‘21 decrapicg darw Mmemlers ay a7 the
hedde y
Ankeymak deme of ay obgect ane Welt SP ae,OURS ide Khe e104 $ Pdr ending U4aukh acc 7
KRLeess gra mod ifiucin, tale
Recess specifier,
C+t Utes access Speci fiers wine Public’
“private”, and Procecked” do emtrol uaa cess
Mmembens cor be Accessed from outside: the 11
eAass, pOrobhing Fane a Aratned, Cmitnrok ever
doxot ACCRES.
ble kew and seeken Methods
Pub rie Werhods Cofcken
CAbheds “ Jettens % and!’
& Sescken sts") ome Provided 28 alow. cororuited!
FLCESS. AS And ro dificotsirns of Provoke! daka”
Yrembers. ‘ 5 ‘
Bu capswiskim Promotes Code "Organiza b7 A
Dracping Velated dara And Penakimg Weak dy :
G& singe Chass, maxing ede! niece readalte |
Ord Moai toQabte, breed ‘ ,
BN tor sutakion bh Levers i (
Dither dnde DAVES of os capitals ho
Da Pe merked_, ACudEag Cuesy ~beveL nea vsetation
eh Are nstine class as Pasieie ob Private
Mmemobden, ESE Vawiabte Oh CAP Soin, &
Or KroMEKG! ACLESS vote Ahdividuat dake
vremoers J, Aud memser feuckin, ANCAP oe lett ny
Cres ar5eUng alcess xo S¥ec. fie funerary
D WRAREH BRE cass).
Rb Seracri Rekattonsni ps
ENcer sutakion is chotery hehated. to:
Adbstraction 5 where ondy nece scany degeity
of Ay ebdeck one, exposed ) Witie_ Bhe_.
Ar PLE MEW AAtton detalis ane hidder11) Wrak are ake Prorerdios of dakn ObShr Ache n }
Be oN Gtr 7 doxu alstracdimn 25 chanackertted ae
Hre Properdies Of hiding indernar BIN PLE IMO LAL N,
dekoiss , Providing a ehear User ihrer face, Chatting
prrodificacion a. of biden A7ihg- code Widhaut
APFEAAG excterhal ugagey aud UtIAh2Ang.
feadunes Aivwe encaprutakion» Access speci fiers,
Gad Absbrack Chesses wo comtroh dakw Ace rg ard
Present monty necegsan> vib fmratin, Lo the sen,
Key Posnrs About damm abstrakiA wha eft
Entar susatin s
eee a
vIrcePiig deta Memb nt Caddributes) ahd merben
furcdims Coveratims) within a clase, auowirg
coiroted AWCeSS Ke dak Ahrongh the defen ee
ymesthod ¢.
Riess specifiers (Pubsic, Privake, Protected):
Definsg visibitity sevets fr eters members, along
users ko intenack ont7 Wath Pubsic® clata white
Widing inckesnar Aimpleerendatio, deduig
Aboskrack Classes.
(iP SAMA Sree tees
Chatsfes With aK Aeast he Pune VWirduar thin,”
dhak Conhod be dinecksy thSdaiacted phorcin g
derived Chasces As dn Phetirert the hecetrany
furcrdimoariiy . :
Prrerface. Defindaio :
Pretending a west ~ defined athterface te wrens,
Adio tng them ste Anrewacd width an obtect
Wirour needing zo Know the Srectftc_
vm Pemenkakim desotrs,
Dok Wide,
PVEVENMAG AiveckK Access to Ante har data menu.
bY OWT EXPOSING Methods Jo marirtate Ahern,
ensMeduter Detipae . oe ae
Breaxing daw CorvLe Sy sacs ohto Frye ler
en dea pie LakaS WAL Clears defired
Jaxenfaces > PronotdngG de reuse ditiay aud
Ymain grisea bo047.