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Lab 04 - Functions libraries

The document provides an overview of functions and libraries in R programming, including examples of functions without arguments, with arguments, and functions that return values. It also covers variable scope, anonymous functions, and the use of apply functions with vectors and data frames. Additionally, it introduces several libraries for data manipulation, machine learning, and visualization, along with examples of inbuilt datasets.

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4 views

Lab 04 - Functions libraries

The document provides an overview of functions and libraries in R programming, including examples of functions without arguments, with arguments, and functions that return values. It also covers variable scope, anonymous functions, and the use of apply functions with vectors and data frames. Additionally, it introduces several libraries for data manipulation, machine learning, and visualization, along with examples of inbuilt datasets.

Uploaded by

testingcode44
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals-04 Functions & libraries

Created by H. M. Samadhi Chathuranga Rathnayake


#Functions without arguments
fun1=function(){
print("Have a nice day!!!")
}

fun1()

fun1()

fun1()

fun1()

fun1()

fun1()

fun1()

fun1()

fun2=function(){
a=20
b=30
print(a+b)
}

fun2()

fun2()

fun2()

fun2()

fun2()

fun2()

fun2()

fun2()
#Functions with arguments
fun3=function(a,b){
print(a+b)
}

fun3(10,20)

fun3(30,50)

fun3(4,8)

#Functions with return

fun3=function(a,b){
print(a+b)
}

fun3(10,20)+100

fun4=function(a,b){
return(a+b)
}

fun4(10,20)+100

fun4(fun4(10,20),30)

#functions inside functions


fun5=function(a,b){
return(a+b)
}

fun6=function(a,b,c){
return(c*fun5(a,b))
}

fun6(2,3,5)

#Scope of the variables in functions

x=10

fun7=function(){
x=20
print(x)
}
print(x)

fun7()

print(x) #The original global x has not been changed

x=10

fun7=function(){
assign("x",20,envir = .GlobalEnv)
print(x)
}

print(x)

fun7()

print(x) #The original global x has been changed

#Anonymous Functions
fun=function(x) 2*x
fun(10)

(function(x) 2*x)(10)

(function(x,y,z) (x+y)*z)(2,3,2)

#lapply & sapply function with vectors

a=c(20,15,10,30)

fun=function(x){
return(2*x)
}

lapply(a,fun)

sapply(a,fun)

b=c(10,20,30,40,50)
k=sapply(b, function(x) 2*x+5) #Hera an anonymous function has been used
k

#apply function with data frames


df=data.frame(Age=c(23,33,32),marks=c(78,76,90))
df
apply(df, 1, mean) #Row wise

apply(df, 2, mean) #Column wise

#User defined functions


fun=function(y){
return(sum(y)*2)
}

apply(df,2,fun)

#With anonymous functions


apply(df, 2, function(x) x**2)

apply(df, 2, function(x) mean(x)/sd(x))

#Libraries

library(dplyr) #For data manipulation

library(randomForest) #For machine learning

library(ggplot2) #For visualization

library(shiny) #Web framework


require(dplyr) #Another way of accessing packages/ libraries

install.packages("dplyr") #Install unavailable libraries

#Inbuilt data sets

data("iris")
iris

help("iris") #To get the data description

?iris

data("diamonds")
diamonds

library(MASS)

data("Boston")
Boston

df=Boston
head(df)

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