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Starting Methods For Polyphase Induction Machine

The document discusses starting methods for three-phase induction motors, emphasizing the need for starters to limit high starting currents. It distinguishes between full voltage starting methods, specifically the Direct on Line (DOL) method, and reduced voltage methods, including Auto Transformer and Star-Delta starting methods. Key considerations for selecting a starting method include power capacity, motor design, and load type.

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Sukhpal Singh
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59 views3 pages

Starting Methods For Polyphase Induction Machine

The document discusses starting methods for three-phase induction motors, emphasizing the need for starters to limit high starting currents. It distinguishes between full voltage starting methods, specifically the Direct on Line (DOL) method, and reduced voltage methods, including Auto Transformer and Star-Delta starting methods. Key considerations for selecting a starting method include power capacity, motor design, and load type.

Uploaded by

Sukhpal Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Starting Methods for Polyphase Induction Machine

From the torque slip characteristic, it is clear that at the slip equals to one we have some positive
starting torque hence we can say that the three-phase induction motor is self starting machine,
then why there is a need of starters for three phase induction motor? The answer is very simple.

Three phase induction motor at the time of starting, behaves like an electrical transformer with
short circuited secondary winding, because at the time of starting, the rotor is stationary and the
back emf due to the rotation is not developed yet hence the motor draws the high starting current.
So the reason of using the starter is clear here. We use starters in order to limit the high starting
current. We use different starters for both the type of three phase induction motors. Let us
consider first squirrel cage type of induction motor. In order to choose a starting method for a
squirrel cage motor, we have three main considerations:
(a) A particular type of starter is selected on the basis of power capacity of the power lines.
(b) The type of starter selected on the basis of the size and the design parameters of the motor.
(c) The third consideration is the type of load on the motor (i.e. the load may be heavy or light).

We classify starting methods for squirrel cage induction motor into two types on the basis of
voltage. The two types are:
(i) Full voltage starting method and
(ii) reduced voltage method for starting squirrel cage induction motor.

Full Voltage Starting Method for Squirrel Cage Induction Motor


In this type we have only one method of starting.
Direct on Line Starting Method
This method is also known as the DOL method for starting the three phase squirrel cage
induction motor. In this method we directly switch the stator of the three phase squirrel cage
induction motor on to the supply mains. The motor at the time of starting draws very high
starting current (about 5 to 7 times the full load current) for the very short duration. The amount
of current drawn by the motor depends upon its design and size. But such a high value of current
does not harm the motor because of rugged construction of the squirrel cage induction motor.

Such a high value of current causes sudden undesirable voltage drop in the supply voltage. A live
example of this sudden drop of voltage is the dimming of the tube lights and bulbs in our homes
at the instant of starting of refrigerator motor.
Reduced voltage method for starting squirrel cage induction motor
In reduced voltage method we have three different type of starting method and these are written
below:
1. Auto transformer staring method
2. Star delta starting method
Auto Transformer Starting Method
As the name suggests in this method we connect auto transformer in between the three phase
power supply and the induction motor as shown in the given diagram:
The auto transformer is a step down transformer hence it reduces the per phase supply
voltage from V1 to xV1.The reduction in voltage reduces current from Is to xIs. After the
motor reaches to its normal operating speed, the auto transformer is disconnected and then
full line voltage is applied.
Star-Delta Starting Method
Connection diagram is shown below for star delta method

This method is used for the motors designed to operate in delta connected winding. The
terminals are marked for the phases of the stator are shown above. Now let us see this
method works. The stator phases are first connected to the star by the help of triple pole
double throw switch (TPDT switch) in the diagram the position is marked as 1 then after this
when the steady state speed is reached the switch is thrown to position 2 as shown in the
above diagram.
Now let analyse the working of the above circuit. In the first position the terminals of the
motor are short circuited and in the second position from the diagram the terminal a, b and c
are respectively connected to B, C and A.

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