Basics of Cloud Computing

M.EllakkiyaVinoth
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Application
Cauvery college for women
[email protected]

Abstract— Cloud computing is a transformative computing

paradigm that involves delivering applications and services over the II. CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS
internet. Cloud computing involves provisioning of computing, Cloud computing technology consists of five essential
networking and storage resources on demand and providing these characteristics, mainly depends on its resources
resources as metered services to the users, in a “pay as you go”
model. In this paper basics of cloud computing is presented which
will help to learn about the characteristics, service models, various
A. On-demand Self Service: Cloud computing resources can
deployment models, driving factors and challenges of cloud be provisioned on-demand by the users, without requiring
computing. interactions with the cloud service provider.
Keywords: Cloud computing, cloud service models, cloud B.Broad Network Access: Resources in the cloud can be
deployment models, security. accessed over the network using standard access mechanisms
that provide platform-independent access through the use of
I. INTRODUCTION heterogeneous client platforms such as workstations, laptops,
tablets and Smartphone’s.
The U.S. National Institute of Standards and C. Rapid elasticity: Cloud resources can be provisioned
Technology(NIST) [1] defines cloud computing is a model rapidly and elastically. Based on demands it can be scaled up
for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network or down. Here scaling-out involves launching and
access to a shared pool of configurable computing provisioning additional server resources and scaling-up
resources(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and involves changing the computing capacity assigned to the
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with server.
minimal management effort or service provider interaction. D. Measured Service: Cloud systems automatically control
Users can use the services available in the cloud by means of and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability
internet connection. The computing and storage resources at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service
provided by cloud service providers are pooled to serve (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth and active user
multiple users using multi-tenancy. Multi-tenant aspects of accounts). Usage of resources in cloud can be utilized in a
the cloud allow multiple users to be served by the same proper manner under a supervision with the knowledge of the
physical hardware. Cloud computing allows the users provider and consumer.
(individuals, large organizations, small and medium E. Resource Pooling: The provider's computing resources are
enterprises and governments) to outsource the IT pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant
infrastructure requirements to external cloud providers. Thus, model, with different physical and virtual resources
the consumers can save large upfront capital expenditures in dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer
setting up the IT infrastructure and pay only for the demand. Customers generally has no idea about the location of
operational expenses for the cloud resources used. Many the knowledge stored and the resources provided by the
companies are delivering services from the cloud. Some of provider.User may be able to specify location at a higher level
them are of abstraction (e.g., country, state or datacenter). Examples of
resources include storage, processing, memory and network
Google-It has private cloud that offers an online productivity, bandwidth.
which includes accessing email, documentations, text
searching, location finding, and social applications.
Salesforce- Salesforce allows the user to deliver revolutionary
services to customer from anywhere, any device at any time.
Cloud computing is a model technique found everywhere by
everybody in every time, it is convenient and shared pool of
configuration mainly lends enormous help in IT business.
There are countless definitions and explanations of cloud can
be found from various multiple resources. The term comes
from network diagrams in which cloud shape is used to
describe the process. A user can upload his/her data to a
Figure 1: Characteristics of Cloud
remote machine and retrieve it later from anywhere for their
use without much struggle.
 III. SERVICE MODELS D. Network-as-a-Service (NaaS): NaaS can include flexible
and extended Virtual Private Network (VPN), bandwidth on
Cloud computing follows service model architecture. There demand, custom routing, multicast protocols, security firewall,
are mainly four models of cloud computing: intrusions detection and prevention, Wide Area Network
(WAN), content monitoring and filtering, and antivirus[7].
 Software as a Service(SaaS) Here you no more have to support the infrastructure, also there
 Platform as a Service(PaaS) is no need of knowledge for developing and maintaining the
 Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) infrastructure, application or development environment.
 Network as a Service(NaaS)
IV. DEPLOYMENT MODELS OF CLOUD
A. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): SaaS provides the users a
complete software application or the user interface to the Clouds are deployed into various models in order to access the
application itself. The cloud service provider manages the resources in commensurate way, also one can subscribe to
underlying cloud infrastructure, including servers, network, depending upon their needs.
operating systems, storage and application software, and the
user is unaware of the underlying architecture of the cloud. Public Cloud: Cloud services are available to the general
Applications are provided to the user through a thin client public or a large group of companies. The cloud resources are
interface (e.g., a browser). SaaS applications are platform shared among different users (individuals, large organizations,
independent and can be accessed from various client devices small and medium enterprises and governments). The cloud
such as workstations, laptop, tablets and smart phones, services are provided by a third-party cloud provider. Public
running different operating systems. Google Apps and Sales clouds are best suited for users who want to use cloud
infrastructure for development and testing of applications and
force are examples of this model.
host applications in the cloud to serve large workloads,
without upfront investments in IT infrastructure
B. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): PaaS provides the users the .
capability to develop and deploy applications in the cloud
using the development tools, application programming
interfaces (APIs), software libraries and services provided by
the cloud service provider. The cloud service provider
manages the underlying cloud infrastructure, including
servers, network, operating systems and storage. Example is
google application engine which allows applications to run on
windows Azure and Google’s infrastructure.

C. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (Iaas): IaaS provides the users

the capability to provision computing and storage resources.
Users can start, stop, configure and manage the virtual
machine instances and virtual storage. Users can deploy
operating systems and application of their choice on the virtual Figure 3: Public Cloud
resources provisioned in the cloud. The cloud service
provider manages the underlying infrastructure. Virtual B. Private Cloud: In the private cloud deployment model,
resources provisioned by the users are billed based on a pay- cloud infrastructure is operated for the exclusive use of a
per-use paradigm.eg: Amazon web services with EC2, Google single organization. Private cloud services are dedicated to a
compute Engine, Azure VMs. single organization. Cloud infrastructure can be set up on
premise or off-premise and may be managed internally or by a
The three cloud service models are shown in Figure 2 third-party. It is secure and valuable than public clouds.

Figure 4: Private Cloud

C. Community Cloud: Community cloud services are shared

by several by several organizations that have the same policy
Figure 2: Service model of Cloud Computing and compliance considerations. Community clouds are best
suited for organizations that want access to the same
applications and data, and want the cloud costs to be shared Services and applications for the business process can be
with the larger group. chosen by the organizations to suit their needs.

E. Productivity Anywhere: Cloud is a massive pool of

resources; one can get what they need beyond at anytime,
anywhere. Also Plethora of electronic devices able to have
access to the internet.

Figure 5: Community Cloud

D. Hybrid Cloud: The hybrid cloud deployment model

combines the services of multiple clouds (private or public).
The individual clouds retain their unique identities,but are
bound by standardized or proprietary technology that enables
data and application portability. Figure 7: Benefits of Cloud

VI.CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Security is very important and biggest concern in cloud

computing. Data integrity, data availability, data security, data
confidentiality, transparency of data and control over data are
the major issues here. Let us discuss the challenges in cloud
computing.

A. Data Security and Privacy: Data protection is among the

Figure 6: Hybrid Cloud biggest concerns in cloud computing. Mainly end users
security and privacy are in the hands of the service provider. It
V.BENEFITS OF CLOUD is essential to ensure the cloud provider understands the end
user’s security and privacy needs, which normally presents the
The company with cloud storage provider can have a recovery hugest challenge. The users have to check their cloud
plan in place due to disaster.While it probably will not be the providers data security and privacy rules and regulations
only a portion of the overall recovery protocol, it can be a because there is a big chance of third party involvement in the
useful tool to help get the company get back on its feet in the confidential information shared in cloud. Hence, data security
event of a natural disaster or system meltdown. Not only the and privacy remains one of the major worries when it comes
company will get benefits each and every cloud user will to the risks and challenges of cloud computing.
enjoy the following benefits.
B. Record Retention Requirements: If at all there are any
A. Cost Efficiency: This is the biggest advantage of cloud matters to do with record retention requirements while
which eliminates individual investment. Cloud generally considering adopting the cloud, then it will be a challenging
available for all at very low cost, there is no need for factor. Thus, it is fundamental to ensure the cloud vendor
infrastructure cost.Everyone can able to utilize the resources considers what they are and so they can conform to them.
available in cloud Also, there is the aspect of what really happens when the
service provider decides to shut down the business or a choice
B. Accessibility: You can access all files, folder, photos and is made to terminate contract with the cloud provider.
videos in the cloud from anywhere in the world. Of course,
provided you have the necessary credentials and internet C. Disaster Recovery: The hosting of data and IT resources on
access. the cloud transfers most of the disaster recovery plans to the
cloud provider. The cloud computing company’s disaster
C. Recovery: One of the major advantages of using cloud recovery capabilities should be updated to a great extent which
storage is the users are having backup for their data storage . If determines the user’s disaster recovery measures. The
something happens to the files on a computer, you can always challenge and risk here is that if the service provider’s cloud
access the cloud and retrieve any data that may have been platform is knocked out by let’s say, an internal system issue
damaged of lost. or with malicious attackers, data could be permanently lost.
Such cases have happened in the past, which makes it vital to
D. Easily Upgraded: Software integration will be carried out always back up important data or persisting on data loss legal
in an automatic and organic way in the cloud installations. action agreement to avoid any damages if the cloud disaster
recovery permanently fails.
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Communication Engineering, Volume: 05, Issue 04,
April-2016.
9. Sunita Sharma, Amit Chugh,”Survey paper on cloud
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Figure 8:Cloud Challenges
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D. Shared Access: One of the primary benefits that come with
10. B. Rex Cyril1, DR. S. Britto Ramesh Kumar,“Cloud
cloud computing, especially the public cloud, is the unrelated
Computing Data Security Issues, Challenges,
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Shanu, “Survey paper on Cloud Computing”,
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standardization. Many facets are in play when it comes to
Cloud Computing-A Survey”, International Journal
matters of cloud safety as the regulations and systems of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering &
governing the cloud service provider differ. Technology (IJARCET) Volume: 02, Issue 02,
February 2013.
There are no clearly outlined guidelines that direct the
13. Y. Ghebghoub, S. Oukid, and O. Boussaid, “A
operations of cloud providers. Different cloud providers built Survey on Security Issues and the Existing Solutions
their structure differently,that is a “safe cloud system” among
in Cloud Computing”, International Journal of
the providers will varies accordingly. As a result, the lack of
Computer and Electrical Engineering, Volume: 05,
cloud standardization signifies a challenge in cloud Issue 06, December 2013.
computing. 14. Jasleen Kaur , Ms.Anupma Sehrawat , Ms.Neha
Bishnoi, “Survey Paper on Basics of Cloud
VII.CONCLUSION Computing and Data Security”, International Journal
This Survey paper presents an introduction to cloud of Computer Science Trends and Technology
computing, various services and models available in cloud, (IJCST) – Volume:02, Issue 03, May-Jun 2014.
advantages and disadvantages. As much as there are many 15. Palvinder Singh, Er. Anurag Jain, “Survey Paper on
benefits of cloud computing, cloud adoption also brings in Cloud Computing”, International Journal of
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privacy concerns extended by the providers/companies are Volume: 03,Issue 04 April 2014.
not adequate,they have to concentrate on security issues and 16. Santosh Kumar and R. H. Goudar, “Cloud
should provide confidentiality to cloud users. Computing – Research Issues, Challenges,
Architecture, Platforms and Applications: A Survey”,
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