Handout Logarithmic Functions
Handout Logarithmic Functions
i.) 5 iii.) 1
ii.) -3 iv.) 3
Definition: The Common logarithms are
logarithms with base 10; log x Representing Real-Life Situations Using
Logarithmic Functions
Definition: The Natural logarithms are
logarithms with base e; ln x o Earthquake Magnitude on a Richter Scale
Reminders:
Solution:
i.) log m = n iii.) log 3 81 = 4 b. A 5.4 magnitude hit Wao, Lanao Del
ii.) ln 8 = a iv.) log 0.001 = 3 Sur last September 24, 2017. What is
the actual energy released by the
Solution:
earthquake?
i.) 10n = m iii.) 34 = 81
Solution:
ii.) ea =8 iv.) 103 = 0.001 Since R is 5.4 magnitude, then
energy E in joules is
( )
By: C.L.G.Alecida
Example:
Solution:
[ ]
D : decibels (dB) ( )
I : sound intensity in watts/m2
: least audible sound a b. Since , then the solution is
human can hear basic
Solution:
a. log 1 = 0 (Property 1)
( )
b. ln e3 = log e e3 = 3 (Property 2)
c. (Property 3)
b. This sound is 10-6/10-12 = 106 =
1,000,000 times more intense than the Laws of Logarithms
least audible sound a human can hear.
Let b > 0, b 1 and let n . For u > 0, v > 0,
o Acidity and the pH scale then
Solutions with,
pH = 7 is neutral
pH > 7 is basic
pH < 7 is acidic
By: C.L.G.Alecida
Example: Example:
a. Use the laws and properties of logarithms Find the value of x in the following equations.
to expand each expression in terms of the
a. log 4 (2x) = log 4 10
logarithms of the factors. Assume each
factor is positive. Solution.
log 4 (2x) = log 4 10
i. log 3 (ab2) ii. log 3 (3/x)3
2x = 10
Solution x=5
By: C.L.G.Alecida
o Properties of Logarithmic Inequalities Since 1/5 < 1, then
2x – 1 > x + 2
2x – x > 2 + 1
x>3
the solution is ( , )
Solution:
Graph of f(x) = log b x if 0 < b < 1
Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are
defined.
Rewrite –3 as a logarithm to
base 1/5: log 1/5 (1/5)–3
By: C.L.G.Alecida
o Graph of f(x) = a log b (x – c) + d c. If the graph of the given function is
stretch by a factor of 3. The transformed
a. The value of b determines whether the function would be H(x) = 3log 2 x.
graph is decreasing or increasing.
Example:
By: C.L.G.Alecida