ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

ENG 1460 Problem List

Borgnakke and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

Chapter 1 – Introduction and Preliminaries

10th 9th
Modify the 9th Edition Problem as Follows:
Edition Edition
1.22 1.24
1.25 1.28
1.27 1.30
1.29 1.34
The piston has a mass of 65 kg (not 50 kg), the additional force is 800 N (not
1.34 1.40
750 N) and the atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa (not 100 kPa).
1.35 1.43
1.39 1.48
1.41 1.50
1.48 1.58
1.50 1.61
1.51 1.62
1.52 1.63
1.53 1.64
1.54 1.66
1.60 1.74
1.63 1.77
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Additional Chapter 1 Problems from Older Editions of Borgnakke & Sonntag

1.31 (9th Edition) A tank has two rooms separated by a membrane.
Room A has 1 kg air and volume 0.5 m 3 ; room B has 0.75 m 3 air
with density 1.6 kg/m 3 . The membrane is broken and the air
comes to a uniform state. Find the final density of the air.

1.65 (Modified from the 9th Edition) Two cylinders are filled with
liquid water, ρ = 1000 kg/m 3 , and connected by a line with a closed valve. Cylinder A has 100 kg and
Cylinder B has 500 kg of water, their cross-sectional areas are AA = 0.1 m 2 and AB = 0.25 m 2 and the
height ℎ is 1 m. Assume P0 = 101.325 kPa.
a) With the valve in the closed position, find the pressure on each side of the valve, 𝑃𝐴 and 𝑃𝐵 . [PA
= 111.135 kPa, PB = 130.755 kPa]
b) Determine the total combined volume of water in
Cylinders A and B, 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡 . [Vtot = 0.6 m3]
c) The valve is opened and water flows to an
equilibrium. Derive an equation for the total
volume based on the new water height in Tank A
(ℎ𝐴,2 ) and use this equation to solve for the new
water height in Tank A, ℎ𝐴,2 . [hA,2 = 2.429 m]
d) Find the final pressure at the valve location. [Pvalve =
125.2 kPa]

1.78 (9th Edition) Two cylinders are connected by a piston.

Cylinder A is used as a hydraulic lift and pumped up to 500 kPa.
The piston mass is 25 kg and there is standard gravity. What is
the gas pressure in cylinder B? [PB = 6.00 MPa]

1.81 (8th Edition) Two piston/cylinder arrangements, A and B, have their gas
chambers connected by a pipe. Cross-sectional areas are AA = 75 cm2 and AB
= 25 cm2 with the piston mass in A being mA = 25 kg. Outside pressure is 100
kPa and standard gravitation. Find the mass mB so that none of the pistons
have to rest on the bottom.

Problems from Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Borgnakke and Sonntag Edition 8 and 9;

Reproduced with permission
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Chapter 2 – Properties of a Pure Substance

10th
9th Edition Modify the 9th Edition Problem as Follows:
Edition
2.22 2.23
2.23 2.24
2.24 2.26
2.25 2.27
2.26 2.28
2.27 2.29
2.28 2.31
2.29 2.32
2.30 2.33
2.31 2.34
2.33 2.36 Also, at what pressure will the water go into the single-phase region?
2.34 2.38
*Modify problems in both editions as follows: the temperature is reduced
2.36* 2.40*
by 40°C, not 20°C.
*Modify problems in both editions as follows: the volume is increased by
2.38* 2.43*
80%, not 10%.
2.39 2.45
2.41 2.47
2.45 2.52
2.49 2.57
2.50 2.58
2.53 2.62
2.58 2.68
2.77 2.92
2.78 2.93
2.79 2.94
2.83 2.100
2.86 2.103
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Additional Chapter 2 Problems from Older Editions of Borgnakke & Sonntag

2.59 (8th Edition) Ammonia at 10°C and mass 10 kg is in a
piston/cylinder assembly with an initial volume of 1 m3. The
piston initially resting on the stops has a mass such that a
pressure of 900 kPa will float it. Now the ammonia is slowly
heated to 50°C. Find the final pressure and volume.

2.80 (8th Edition) A 1 m3 rigid tank has propane at 100 kPa, 300 K and
connected by a valve to another tank of 0.5 m3 with propane at 250
kPa, 400 K. The valve is opened and the two tanks come to a uniform
state at 325 K. What is the final pressure?

2.82 (8th Edition) A 1-m3 rigid tank with air at 1 MPa, 400 K is connected
to an air line. The valve is opened and air flows into the tank until the
pressure reaches 5 MPa, at which point the valve is closed and the
temperature inside is 450 K.
a. What is the mass of air in the tank before and after the process?
b. The tank eventually cools to room temperature, 300 K. What is the pressure inside the tank then?

2.113 (8th Edition) Consider two tanks, A and B, connected by a valve.

Each has volume of 200 L and tank A has R-410a at 25°C, 10% liquid and
90% vapor by volume, while tank B is evacuated. The valve is now
opened and saturated vapor flows from A to B until the pressure in B has
reached that in A, at which point the valve is closed. This process occurs
slowly such that all temperatures stay at 25°C throughout the process.
How much has the quality changed in tank A during the process?

2.125 (8th Edition) A piston/cylinder arrangement, contains air at 250 kPa,

and 300°C. The 50-kg piston has a diameter of 0.1 m and initially pushes
against the stops. The atmosphere is at 100 kPa and 20°C. The cylinder
now cools as heat is transferred to the ambient. The height from the
bottom of the cylinder to the bottom of the piston when it is touching the
stops is 25 cm.
a. At what temperature does the piston begin to move down?
b. How far has the piston dropped when the temperature reaches ambient?

Problems from Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Borgnakke and Sonntag Edition 8 and 9;

Reproduced with permission
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Chapter 3 – Energy Equation and First Law of Thermodynamics

10th Edition 9th Edition Modify the 9th Edition Problem as Follows:
3.20 3.24
3.22 3.27
3.26 3.31
3.28 3.34
3.32 3.39
3.33 3.40
3.35 3.42
3.36 3.43
3.37 3.44
3.38 3.45
3.39 3.47
3.50 (a-c) 3.60 (a-c)
3.51 (a-c) 3.61 (a-c)
3.56 3.68
3.61 3.73
3.62 3.74
3.64 3.77
3.69 3.83
3.75 3.90
3.76 3.91
3.77 3.92
3.78 3.93
3.91 3.109
3.93 3.112
3.95 3.114
3.101 3.122
3.102 3.123
3.103 3.124
3.104 3.125
3.105 3.127
3.106 3.128
3.107 3.129
3.110 3.132
3.113 3.136
3.114 3.137
3.116 3.139
3.138 3.166
3.139 3.167
3.140 3.168
3.141 3.169
3.143 3.171
3.146 3.176
3.152 3.184
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Additional Chapter 3 Problems from Older Editions of Borgnakke & Sonntag

3.46 (9th Edition) Air goes through a polytropic process from 125 kPa, 325 K to 300 kPa and 500 K. Find the
polytropic exponent n and the specific work in the process.

3.133 (9th Edition) A vertical cylinder fitted with a piston contains 5 kg

of R-410a at 10°C. Heat is transferred to the system, causing the
piston to rise until it reaches a set of stops, at which point the volume
has doubled. Additional heat is transferred until the temperature
inside reaches 50°C, at which point the pressure inside the cylinder is
1.4 MPa.
a. What is the quality at the initial state?
b. Calculate the heat transfer for the overall process.

3.141 (9th Edition) Air in a rigid tank is at 100 kPa, 300 K with a volume of 0.75
m3. The tank is heated to 400 K, state 2. Now one side of the tank acts as a
piston letting the air expand slowly at constant temperature to state 3 with a
volume of 1.5 m3. Find the pressures at states 2 and 3, Find the total work and
total heat transfer.

3.183 (8th Edition) A piston/cylinder has 0.5 kg air at 2000 kPa, 1000 K. The
cylinder has stops so Vmin = 0.03 m3. The air now cools to 400 K by heat
transfer to the ambient. Find the final volume and pressure of the air
(does it hit the stops?) and the work and heat transfer in the process.

3.216 (8th Edition) A rigid insulated tank is separated into two rooms
by a stiff plate. Room A of 0.5 m3, contains air at 250 kPa, and 300 K
and room B, of 1 m3 , has air at 500 kPa and 1000 K. The plate is
removed and the air comes to a uniform state without any heat
transfer. Find the final pressure and temperature.

3.240 (8th Edition) A piston/cylinder arrangement B is connected to a 1 m3

tank A by a line and valve. Initially both contain water, with A at 100 kPa,
saturated vapor and B at 400°C, 300 kPa, 1 m3. The valve is now opened, and
the water in both A and B comes to a uniform state.
a) Find the initial mass in A and B.
b) If the process results in T2 = 200°C, find the heat transfer and the work.

Problems from Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Borgnakke and Sonntag Edition 8 and 9;

Reproduced with permission
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Chapter 4 – Energy Analysis for a Control Volume

10th 9th
Modify the 9th Edition Problem as Follows:
Edition Edition
4.11 4.11
4.15 4.16
4.16 4.17
4.17 4.18
4.22 4.25
4.25 4.29
4.31 4.36
4.33 4.39
4.36 4.42
4.46 4.54
4.50 4.59
4.54 4.64
4.55 4.65
4.56 4.67
4.58 4.69
4.59 4.70
The water pressure at the inlet is 150 KPa (not 0.4 MPa) and is heated to
4.62 4.74 80°C (not to a saturated vapor state). The air enters at 500 K (not 800 K)
and exits at 330 K (not 360 K) and the air pressure is 200 kPa (not 1MPa).
4.66 4.79
4.68 4.82
4.69 4.83
4.71 4.85
4.74 4.90
4.75 4.91
4.76 4.92
4.77 4.94
4.78 4.95 The high-pressure water at state 1 is at 2 MPa (not 1.5 MPa).
4.91 4.109
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Additional Chapter 4 Problems from Older Editions of Borgnakke & Sonntag

4.19 (9th Edition) Superheated vapor ammonia enters an insulated
nozzle at 30°C, 1000 kPa, with a low velocity and at the steady rate
of 0.01 kg/s. The ammonia exits at 300 kPa with a velocity of 450
m/s. Determine the temperature (or quality, if saturated) and the
exit area of the nozzle.

4.38 (9th Edition) A small turbine is operated at part load by throttling a 0.25 kg/s
steam supply at 1.4 MPa, 250°C down to 1.1 MPa before it enters the turbine and
the exhaust is at 10 kPa. If the turbine produces 110 kW, find the exhaust
temperature (and quality if saturated).

4.50 (9th Edition) A condenser (cooler) receives 0.05 kg/s R-410a at 2000
kPa, 80°C and cools it to 10°C. Assume the exit properties are as for
saturated liquid with the same T. What cooling capacity (kW) must the
condenser have?

4.83 (8th Edition) The main waterline into a tall building has a pressure of 600 kPa at 5
m below ground level. A pump brings the pressure up so the water can be delivered at
200 kPa at the top floor 100 m above ground level. Assume a flow rate of 10 kg/s
liquid water at 10°C and neglect any difference in kinetic energy and internal energy u.
Find the pump work.

4.95 (8th Edition) A heat exchanger is used to cool an air flow from 800 K to 360 K, both states at 1 MPa. The
coolant is a water flow at 15°C, 0.1 MPa. If the water leaves as saturated
vapor, find the ratio of the flow rates 𝑚̇water/𝑚̇air .

Problems from Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Borgnakke and Sonntag Edition 8 and 9;

Reproduced with permission
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Chapter 5 – The Second Law of Thermodynamics

10th Edition 9th Edition Modify the 9th Edition Problem as Follows:
5.10 5.11
5.13 5.15
5.15 5.18
5.17 5.20
5.18 5.22
5.21 5.26
5.22 5.27
5.29 5.36
5.31 5.38
5.33 5.40
5.39 5.48
5.41 5.50
5.56 5.67
5.59 5.70
5.64 5.78
5.74 5.90
5.75 5.91
5.78 5.94
5.80 5.96
ENG 1460 Introduction to Thermal Sciences Winter 2023

Additional Chapter 5 Problems from Older Editions of Borgnakke & Sonntag

5.12 (9th Edition) A lawnmower tractor engine produces 18 hp using 40
kW of heat transfer from burning fuel. Find the thermal efficiency and
the rate of heat transfer rejected to the ambient?

5.21 (9th Edition) A sports car engine delivers 250 hp to the driveshaft
with a thermal efficiency of 20%. The fuel has a heating value of 40 000
kJ/kg. Find the rate of fuel consumption and the combined power
rejected through the radiator and exhaust.

5.23 (9th Edition) In a power plant cycle 30 MW is taken out in the condenser, 21
MW is taken out in the turbine, and the pump work is 200 kW. Find the plant
thermal efficiency. If everything could be reversed find the COP as a refrigerator.

5.68 (8th Edition) Sixty kilograms per hour of water runs through a heat exchanger,
entering as a saturated liquid at 200 kPa and leaving as a saturated vapor. The heat is
supplied by a heat pump operating from a low-temperature reservoir at l6°C with a COP
of half that of a similar Carnot unit. Find the rate of work into the heat pump.

5.85 (9th Edition) A window air conditioner cools a house at TL = 20°C with a maximum of
1.2 kW power input. The house gains 0.6 kW per degree
temperature difference to the ambient and the
refrigeration COP is β = 0.6 βCarnot. Find the maximum
outside temperature, TH, for which the air conditioner
provides sufficient cooling.

5.97 (9th Edition) An air conditioner with a power input of 2 kW is working as a refrigerator (β = 3) or as a heat
pump (β’ = 4). It maintains an office at 20°C year round that exchanges 0.6 kW per degree temperature
difference with the atmosphere. Find the maximum and minimum outside temperatures for which this unit is
sufficient.

Problems from Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Borgnakke and Sonntag Edition 8 and 9;

Reproduced with permission