1

H1 Mathematics 2018 Prelim Exam Solution

1 Let r, e, c be the number of raisin, cheese and chocolate cupcakes made daily.
c = r +e r +e−c = 0
0.6r + 0.8e + 0.9c = 245
1.3r + 1.4e + 1.5c = 430
Using GC, r = 50, e = 100, c = 150

2 d  d 1 
ln 2 x 2 + 1  =  ln(2 x 2 + 1) 
dx 
 
 dx  2 
1  4x 
=  2
2  2 x + 1 
2x
= 2 (Shown)
2x +1

2 3x 3 2 2x
0 2 x2 + 1
dx = 
2 0 2x2 + 1
dx
2
3
= ln (2 x 2 + 1) 
2   0
3
= ln 9 − ln 1
2
3
= ln 3
2

3 (i) Sub y = x + p into ( x + 1)2 + y 2 = 2 :

( x + 1)2 + ( x + p)2 = 2
x 2 + 2 x + 1 + x 2 + 2 px + p 2 = 2
2 x 2 + (2 + 2 p) x + ( p 2 − 1) = 0
Since the equation has no real roots, Discriminant <0
(2 + 2 p)2 − 4(2)( p 2 − 1) < 0
4 + 4 p2 + 8 p − 8 p2 + 8 < 0
−4 p 2 + 8 p + 12 < 0
p2 − 2 p − 3 > 0
( p − 3)( p + 1) > 0
p < −1 or p > 3 y

(ii) p = −1 or p = 3

(iii) ( x + 1)2 + y 2 = 2 x
(−1,0)
 2

4 1
 ax + (2 x + 1) −2  dx = 3
(i)
0
2
  8
1
 ax 2 (2 x + 1) −1  2 3
 +  =
 2 (−1)(2)  8
0
1
1 2 1 2 3
 ax − =
2 2 x + 1  0 8
1 1 3
 a −  − ( 0 − 1) =
4 2 4
1 1
a=
4 4
a =1

1
(ii) y = x+ 2
= x + (2 x + 1)−2
(2 x + 1)
dy 4
= 1 − 2(2 x + 1) −3 (2) = 1 −
dx (2 x + 1)3
1 1 1 3 dy 1 1
When x = , y= + = , = 1− =
2 2 4 4 dx 2 2
 3   1  1
Equation of tangent: y −   =   x − 
 4   2  2
1 1
y = x+
2 2
1 3
(iii) When y = 0, x = −1 , ∴ B(−1, 0) and A  , 
2 4
1 3 
 2 −1 4 + 0   1 3 
Mid point of AB =  ,  = − , 
 2 2   4 8
 
5 (i) f (t ) = 1000 + 15t 2 − t 3
f '(t ) = 30t − 3t 2
f '(t ) = 0  30t − 3t 2 = 0
 t (10 − t ) = 0
 t = 0 or t = 10

Using first derivative test,

t − 0.1 0 0.1
f '(t ) − 3.03 0 2.97
tangent ____
 3

t 9.9 10 10.1
f '(t ) 2.97 0 – 3.03
tangent ____
∴ f (t ) is greatest when t =10.

Alternatively,
f ''(t ) = 30 − 6t
When t = 0, f ''(0) = 30 = 30 > 0
When t = 10, f ''(10) = 30 − 6(10) = −30 < 0
∴ f (t ) is greatest when t =10.

Hence per capita cigarette production was at its greatest in the year 1990.

(ii) f '(3) = 30(3) − 3(3)2 = 63

The rate at which per capita cigarette production is increasing in the year 1983 is
$63 per year.

(iii) T = 300e0.025 x − 240e0.02 x − 60 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 8

T
(8, 24.8)

O x
8

(iv) Area of shaded region = 

8
0
(300e0.025x − 240e0.02 x − 60 ) dx = 94.7 (3sf)
The area represents the total amount of tar inhaled from smoking 8cm of the
cigarette.

(v) Since the area under the curve from x = 0 to x =1 is smaller than the area under the
curve from x = 7 to x = 8, the amount of tar inhaled in the first centimetre is
smaller than the amount of tar inhaled in the last centimetre.

Alternatively,
1
0 (300e0.025 x − 240e0.02 x − 60 ) dx = 1.37
7 ( 300e − 240e0.02 x − 60 ) dx = 23.0
8 0.025 x

the amount of tar inhaled in the first centimetre is smaller than the amount of tar
inhaled in the last centimetre.
 4

6 (a) No of 3-digit numbers that contains the digit 2 exactly once

= (1× 4 × 4) × 3 = 48

No of 3-digit numbers formed where repetitions of digits are allowed

= 5 × 5 × 5 =125

48
Probability = or 0.384
125

Alternatively,
1 4 4 48
Probability = × × × 3 = or 0.384
5 5 5 125

(b)(i) 5G, 4B  GBGBGBGBG

No of ways if boys and girls must alternate

= 5! × 4! = 2880

(ii) 3boys, 4 girls, brother-sister pair  2B2G

Case 1 : only brother is included

No of ways = 3C1 × 4C2 = 18

Case 2 : only sister is included

No of ways = 3C2 × 4C1 = 12

Total no of ways = 18 + 12 = 30

7 (M: Tea with milk, L: Tea with Lemon, S: Tea with sugar)
3/5 S
7/10 M S'
2/5
1/5 1/4 S
L
3/4 S'
1/10 11/20 S
None
9/20 S'

 7  3   1  1   1  11  21
(i) P ( S ) =    +    +    = or 0.525
 10  5   5  4   10  20  40
 5

P(M ∪ S ) = P(M ) + P(S ) − P(M ∩ S )

7 21  7  3 
= + −   
10 40  10  5 
 7  3   7  2   1  1   1  11 
or,    +    +    +   
 10  5   10  5   5  4   10  20 
7  1  1   1  11 
or, +    +   
10  5  4   10  20 
21  7  2 
or, +   
40  10  5 
161
= or 0.805
200

(ii) P ( S M ) is the probability that the customer likes tea with sugar given that the
customer likes tea with milk.

Or, probability that a customer who likes tea with milk will add sugar.

3
P(S M ) = (read off from tree diagram)
5

8 (i) The phrase ‘large number’ in the first sentence of this question contributes to
independent trials.

(ii) Let X denote the number of households surveyed subscribe to fibre broadband
internet services out of 30.
Then X : B(30, p )
Given P ( X = 0 ) = 0.05
30
C0 p 0 (1 − p )30 = 0.05
(1 − p )30 = 0.05
1
1 − p = (0.05) 30
1
p = 1 − (0.05) 30
∴ p = 0.095034 = 0.0950 (3 s.f.)

(iii) Given X : B(30, 0.1)

P ( X < 6 ) = P ( X ≤ 5) = 0.92681 = 0.927 (3 s.f.)

(iv) Let Y denote the number of blocks with less than 6 of the households in each
block subscribing to fibre broadband internet services.
Then Y : B (50, 0.92681)
P (Y > 40 ) = 1 − P (Y ≤ 40 ) = 0.99701 = 0.997 (3 s.f.)
 6

9 (i)

( x , y ) = ( 3.33, 44 )
y = −9.43x + 75.4

(ii) F(4.5, 50) does not follow the same trend like the rest of the data.

(iii) After removal of the outlier, r = −0.930 (3 s.f.)

Since r is close to −1, there is a strong negative linear correlation between the
amount of time spent on computer a week and the Mathematics test results. (i.e. An
increase in the amount of time spent on computer a week is correlated to a decrease
in Mathematics test results.)

(iv) After removal of the outlier,

y = −9.4286 x + 75.429
y = −9.43 x + 75.4 (3 s.f.)

(v) y = −9.4286(1) + 75.429 = 66.0004 = 66.0 (3 s.f.)

The estimate is not reliable since the data point x = 1 lies outside the given data
range of 2 ≤ x ≤ 5 , it is an extrapolation, which is not a good practice.

10 (i) Given X denote the time in hours required by a student to complete the homework
given in a week.

Unbiased estimate of the population mean = x

=
 ( x − 16) + 16 = − 30 + 16 = 31 or 15.5
n 60 2

Unbiased estimate of the population variance = s 2

1  (  ) 
2
( x − 16)
=
59 
 ( x − 16) 2
−
60


 
1  ( −30 )  135
2

= 150 − = or 2.2881 = 2.29 (3 s.f.)

59  60  59
 7

(ii) Any valid explanation such as:

• To keep the recorded values small since they are around 16
• To give an indication of the variations around the hypothesised mean of 16

(iii) H 0 : μ = 16 (Principal’s claim)

H 1 : μ ≠ 16
2.2881
Under H0, since n = 60 is large, by Central Limit Theorem, X : N(16, )
60
approximately.
Using GC, p-value = 0.010455 = 0.0105 (3 s.f.)

α
(iv) ‘at the α% level of significance’ means that there is a probability of of
100
concluding that the mean time required by a student to complete the homework
given in a week is not 16 hours when in fact the mean time required is 16 hours.

For Principal’s claim to be valid, we do not reject H0.

α
p-value >
100
α
0.010455 >
100
α < 1.0455
Largest integer value of α = 1

(v) H 0 : μ = 16
H 1 : μ < 16 (Principal’s new claim)
2
Under H0, X : N(16, ).
80
X − 16
Test Statistic Z = ~N ( 0,1)
2
80
α = 0.5
Critical region: Reject Ho when z ≤ –1.6449

To accept the Principal’s claim that the mean time is now less than 16 hours means
to reject Ho
m − 16
≤ −1.6449
2
80
m ≤ 15.7399
∴ 0 ≤ m ≤ 15.7 (3 s.f.)

11 (a)(i) Let X be the mass of a randomly chosen red apple sold by the supermarket in kg.
X : N ( 0.18, 0.029 2 )
P ( X < 0.2 ) = 0.75479 = 0.755 (3 s.f.)
 8

(ii)
Required probability
= P ( X 1 > 0.2 ) P ( X 2 > 0.2 )
2
=  P ( X > 0.2 ) 
= (1 − 0.75479 )
2

= 0.06128 = 0.0601 (3 s.f.)

(iii) X 1 + X 2 : N ( 2 × 0.18, 2 × 0.0292 ) = N ( 0.36, 0.001682 )

P ( X 1 + X 2 > 0.4 ) = 0.16470 = 0.165 (3 s.f.)

Possible explanation for answer in (iii) to be greater than the answer in (ii):
• Different Normal distribution in which combinations of masses adding to more than
0.4 are included, not just 0.2 twice.
• The event { X 1 > 0.2 and X 2 > 0.2} is a proper subset of { X 1 + X 2 > 0.4}
• The event depicted in (ii) is a subset of the event depicted in (iii).

 0.0292 
(iv) Average mass of 5 red apples, X : N  0.18, 
 5 
 0.0152 
Average mass of 3 green apples, Y : N  0.13, 
 3 
 0.0292 0.0152 
X − 2Y : N  0.18 − 2 × 0.13, + 22 × 
 5 3 
X − 2Y : N ( −0.08, 0.0004682 )
P ( X > 2Y ) =P ( X − 2Y > 0 ) = 0.00010902 = 0.000109 (3 s.f.)

(b)(i) Let M be the mass of a randomly chosen melon, in kg.

M : N ( μ , 0.151)
P ( X < 2 ) = 0.1
 2−μ 
PZ <  = 0.1
 0.151 
2−μ
= −1.2816
0.151
μ = 2.4980 = 2.5 (1 d.p.)

(ii) Let L be the number of melons in a box of 24 with mass less than 2 kg.
L : B ( 24, 0.1)
P ( L ≤ 3) = 0.78574 = 0.786 (3 s.f.)