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Unix Linux Introduction

Unix is a multiuser, multitasking operating system developed in the 1970s, while Linux is an open-source Unix-like kernel created in 1991, forming the basis of various Linux distributions. Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu and Debian, bundle the Linux kernel with software and desktop environments, catering to different user needs. The document also covers the Linux shell, basic file commands, file permissions, and methods for creating hard and soft links, as well as archiving and compressing files.

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3 views2 pages

Unix Linux Introduction

Unix is a multiuser, multitasking operating system developed in the 1970s, while Linux is an open-source Unix-like kernel created in 1991, forming the basis of various Linux distributions. Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu and Debian, bundle the Linux kernel with software and desktop environments, catering to different user needs. The document also covers the Linux shell, basic file commands, file permissions, and methods for creating hard and soft links, as well as archiving and compressing files.

Uploaded by

Haseeb Pasha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Unix and Linux

1. Introduction to Unix and Linux Operating System

Unix is a powerful, multiuser, multitasking operating system originally developed in the 1970s.

Linux is an open-source Unix-like OS kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It forms the core of many

operating systems collectively called Linux distributions.

Both Unix and Linux are widely used in servers, development environments, and embedded systems due to

their stability, security, and flexibility.

2. Linux Distributions

Linux is packaged into distributions (distros), which bundle the Linux kernel with various software, package

managers, and desktop environments.

Examples:

- Ubuntu (user-friendly)

- Debian (stable)

- Fedora (cutting-edge)

- CentOS/RHEL (enterprise)

- Arch Linux (minimalist)

3. Linux Shell and Types of Shells

A shell is a command-line interface that lets users interact with the OS. It interprets and executes commands

entered by users.

Types of shells include:

- Bash (Bourne Again Shell)

- Sh (Bourne Shell)

- Csh (C Shell)
Introduction to Unix and Linux

- Ksh (Korn Shell)

- Zsh (Z Shell)

4. Linux Files, Directories, and Archives

a) Basic Commands:

- ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, rmdir, rm, cp, mv, touch, cat, more, less

b) File Attributes and Permissions:

Each file has permissions for Owner, Group, and Others: read (r), write (w), execute (x)

Commands: ls -l, chmod

c) Hard Link and Soft Link:

- Hard Link: ln file1 file2

- Soft Link: ln -s file1 linkname

d) Archiving and Compressing:

- tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2

- gzip file.txt

- tar -czvf archive.tar.gz dir/

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