Lab Manual

Submitted By

Abza Ahmad
Roll No: MTE-23-68

Submitted To

Mr. Bilal Naveed

 AutoCAD Manual
Introduction to AutoCAD

Introduction
Learning to create isometric drawings should be a pleasure at this point.
There are very few new commands to learn, and anything you already
know about manual isometric drawing makes it that much easier on the
computer. Once you know how to get into the isometric mode in
AutoCAD and change from plane to plane, you can rely on previously
learned skills and techniques. Many of the commands from early
chapters in this book will work readily, and you will find that using the
isometric drawing planes is an excellent warm-up for 3D wireframe and
solid modeling.

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
 Tools For Creating & Modifying Drawing.
 Units
 Limits
 Draw Tools
 Line
 Circle
 Arc
 Ellipse
 Rectangle
 Polygon
 Centre line
 Modifying Commands
 Copy
 Move
 Mirror
 Offset
 Trim
 Extend
 Array
 Fillet
 Chamfer
Tools For Creating & Modifying Drawing
AutoCAD provides a variety of tools that help users create and
modify drawings efficiently. These tools are divided into two main
categories: drawing tools (used to make new objects) and modification
tools (used to edit existing objects).

Drawing Tools
Drawing tools allow users to generate basic and complex shapes
from scratch. For example, the Line tool helps in drawing straight
segments, while the Circle tool creates perfect circular shapes. The
Rectangle tool generates four-sided shapes with right angles, and the
Polygon tool helps in designing multi-sided figures like hexagons or
pentagons. These tools are essential for drafting anything from simple
sketches to detailed engineering or architectural plans.

Units

Units define the measurement system used in a drawing. They

determine how distances, angles, coordinates, and dimensions are
interpreted. Setting the correct units ensures accuracy, especially
when working on real-world projects like architectural plans,
engineering designs, or manufacturing parts.
Limits

Limits refer to the predefined drawing boundaries that set the maximum
area in which you can create your design. It defines a rectangular
workspace (like an invisible sheet of paper) to help you stay within a
specified size while drafting.

Draw Tools
Draw Tools in AutoCAD are the primary commands used to create basic and
complex geometric shapes in a drawing. These tools form the foundation of
drafting and design, allowing users to generate lines, curves, circles, polyg
polygons,
and other elements needed for technical drawings, architectural plans, or
engineering models.
Line

A Line is the most basic drawing object, representing a straight segment

between two points in 2D or 3D space. It is a fundamental tool for
creating outlines,
utlines, wireframes, and geometric shapes in technical
drawings.
Circle

A Circle is a fundamental 2D geometric object defined as a perfectly round shape

with all points equidistant from its center. It is widely used in drafting for holes,
wheels, arcs, and rounded features in mechanical, architectural, and civil designs.
Arc

Arc is a curved segment of a circle, used to create partial circular shapes

in drawings. Unlike a full circle, an arc represents a portion of a circle's
circumference, defined by specific parameters like start/end points,
angles, or radius.

Ellipse
Ellipse is a smooth, closed curve that represents a stretched or compressed circle,
defined by its major and minor axes. Unlike a perfect circle, an ellipse has two
distinct radii that create its oval shape, making it essential for technical drawings
requiring precise curved forms.

Rectangle

A Rectangle is a closed polyline object with four sides and four right-
right
angle corners (90° angles). It is one of the most fundamental and
frequently used drawing tools for creating precise quadrilateral shapes in
technical drawings.

Polygon

A Polygon is a closed 2D shape with three or more equal-length

length sides, created as
a single polyline object. This command efficiently produces regular polygons (all
sides and angles equal) for technical and architectural drawings.
Centre line

A Center Line in AutoCAD is a special type of line used in technical drawings to

indicate:

 The central axis of symmetrical objects

 Rotation axes for cylindrical parts
 Alignment guides for holes or circular features
 Reference lines for dimensioning

Modifying Commands

Modifying commands are tools that edit, reshape, and manipulate existing
geometry in AutoCAD drawings. Unlike drawing commands that create new
objects, these commands alter pre-existing elements to refine designs efficiently.

Copy

The COPY command (shortcut: CO or CP) creates duplicates of selected objects

while preserving the original. Unlike the Move command, Copy leaves the
source objects in place.
Move

The MOVE command (shortcut: M) relocates selected objects from one position
to another without altering their size or shape. Unlike COPY, it removes the
original object from its starting location.

 Basic Move
 Type M or MOVE → Press Enter.
 Select the objects you want to move → Press Enter to confirm.
 Specify a base point (reference point for moving).
 Pick a second point (destination).
 The objects move to the new location.
Mirror

The MIRROR command (shortcut: MI) creates a symmetrical copy of selected

objects across a specified axis (mirror line). The original objects can be kept or
deleted after mirroring.
 Basic Mirroring
 Type MI or MIRROR → Press Enter.
 Select objects → Press Enter to confirm.
 Specify the first point of the mirror line (axis of symmetry).
 Specify the second point (defines the mirror angle).
  Choose whether to keep (Yes/No) the original objects .

Offset

The OFFSET command (shortcut: O) creates parallel copies of lines, arcs,

circles, polylines, or splines at a specified distance. It is essential for creating
concentric shapes, equidistant outlines, and scaled geometry.

 Basic Offset
 Type O or OFFSET → Press Enter.
 Specify the offset distance (type a value or pick two points).
 Select the object to offset (line, circle, polyline, etc.).
 Click on the side where the offset should appear.
 Press Esc to exit or continue offsetting.

Trim

The TRIM command (shortcut: TR) cuts or removes unwanted portions

of objects (lines, arcs, circles, etc.) that extend beyond their intersection
points with other objects (called cutting edges). It helps clean up
overlapping geometry for precise drafting.
Extend

The EXTEND command (shortcut: EX) lengthens objects to meet precise

boundaries defined by other objects (boundary edges). It is the opposite of the
TRIM command and is used to stretch lines, arcs, or polylines to intersect with
other geometry.

Array

Array commands create multiple copies of objects in organized patterns

(rectangular, polar, or path-based). Unlike manual copying, arrays maintain
consistent spacing and alignment, saving time in repetitive designs.
Fillet

The FILLET command (shortcut: F) rounds off sharp corners between two lines,
arcs, or polylines by creating a smooth tangent arc of a specified radius. It also
trims or extends the original objects to meet the fillet.

 Basic Fillet (Between Two Lines)

 Type F or FILLET → Press Enter.
 Type R (Radius) → Enter the fillet radius (e.g., 10 for 10 units).
 Select the first line.
 Select the second line → The corner rounds automatically.

Chamfer

The CHAMFER command (shortcut: CHA) bevels sharp edges between two
lines, polylines, or 3D solids by adding an angled line (instead of a curve like
fillet). It’s commonly used in mechanical and architectural designs for eased
edges or mitered joints.

 Basic Chamfer (Between Two Lines)

 Type CHA or CHAMFER → Press Enter.

Choose method:
 Distance (D): Set two chamfer distances (e.g., 10 and 15).
 Angle (A): Set one distance + angle (e.g., 20 length at 45°).
 Select the first line.
 Select the second line → The chamfer appears.
2D sketches
Exercise A1: shim The sketched profile has to be extruded for a distance of 15mm.

Exercise A2: spacer The dimensioned sketch has to be extruded for a distance of
20mm
Exercise A3:: lock guide Extrude the sketch for a distance of 18mm.

Exercise A4: rocker arm Extrude the sketch for a distance of 10mm.
Exercise A5: clip Extrude the sketch for a distance of 5mm

Exercise A6: V block Extrude the sketch for a distance of 180mm.

 Exercise A7: coupling link Extude the sketch for a distance of 11mm.

Exercise A8: container Extrude the sketch for a distance of 120mm

Exercise A9:: support Extrude the sketched feature for a distance of 6mm

Exercise A10:: pulley wheel Revolve the sketched feature for 270 degrees then rotate to suit
 Exercise A11: template Extrude the sketch 15mm.

Exercise A12:: block Extrude the block sketch for 50mm.

Exercise A13:: rocket Two part models to be created from the one sketch:
1 extrude for 25mm; and
2 revolve for a complete revolution.

Exercise A14: component Extrude the dimensioned sketch for 15mm.

Exercise A15:tree
tree Two part models to be created from one sketch:
1 extrude for 10mm; and
2 revolve for a complete revolution.

Exercise A16: The dimensioned shape is to be extruded fo

for 20mm.
Exercise A17: plane handle Some interesting work to complete the sketch, which is to be
extruded for 30mm

Exercise A18: spanner end Extrude the sketch for a distance of 12mm.
Exercise A19:: metalwork dolly Extrude the sketch (which
(which requires an ellipse) for a
distance of 15mm and revolve for a complete revolution.

Exercise A20:: crane hook Extrude the dimensioned sketch of the crane hook,
selecting a suitable extruded distance (this is really a tangency problem).