IB Mathematics

SL Analysis and Approaches

Supplementary resources – Solomon worksheets

Unit: 5. Modelling change (1) - differentiation

Contents:

Page Topic / Title

2 Differentiation Solutions
3 Gradients, tangents, normals and rates of change Solutions
5 Mixed exam style questions on differentiation (1) Solutions
7 Increasing and decreasing functions and stationary points Solutions
8 Maximum / minimum problems Solutions
9 Differentiation – further questions Solutions
11 Mixed exam style questions on differentiation (2) Solutions
13 Differentiating exponentials and logarithms Solutions
14 Differentiating exponentials and logarithms – further Solutions
questions
16 The chain rule Solutions
17 The chain rule – further questions Solutions
19 The product rule Solutions
20 The quotient rule Solutions
21 The product rule and the quotient rule – further questions Solutions

1
 Differentiation

C1 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet B

1 Differentiate with respect to x

a x2 b x4 c x d x9 e x−3 f x−1
g 4x2 h 7x i 2x5 j 3 k 8x−2 l 11x−4

dy
2 Find
dx
a y = x5 + x 2 b y = x + x3 c y = x4 + 2 d y = x6 − 2x
e y = 6x3 + 5x−2 f y = x2 − 4x + 1 g y = x−1 − x−5 h y = 4x3 + 3x−4

3 Differentiate with respect to t

1 2 1
a t6 b 5t −3 c t2 d t3 e 3 2
4
t f 8t 4
7 − 15 1 5
6 − 32 − 54 1 3
4
g 2t 2 h t i 2
t j t k 12t l 6
t

4 Find f ′(x)
3 1 5
a f(x) = 2x + 1
3
x6 b f(x) = x 2 − 5 c f(x) = x + 4x 2 d f(x) = 6x 3 − x−4
− 54 1 3 − 32 − 83
e f(x) = 7 + x f f(x) = 2x 6 + x 4 g f(x) = 3x−1 − 5x h f(x) = 2 − 7x−1 + x

dy
5 Find
dx
1 3
a y= x b y=4− c y = 3x2 + 3
x d y = 9x +
x x
1 1 6 4
e y= − f y= g y= x5 h y= 8 x +
4x x2 4
x 3x 2

ds
6 Find
dt
a s = t(t + 3) b s = (t − 2)2 c s = 5t(t 3 + 4t) d s = t 2(7t − t −1)

e s = (t + 1)(t + 6) f s = (t − 4)(t + 2) g s = t(t 4 + 3t 2 + 9) h s = t(t − 1)(2t − 3)

dy
7 Find
dx
x3 − 2 x 4x3 + x x+3
a y= x (x − 4) b y= c y= d y=
x x2 x
4 − x3 5+ x 9x − 2 8 x + x3
e y= f y= g y= h y=
2x x2 3x 4 x

dy d2 y
8 In each case, find and .
dx dx 2
2
a y = 4x2 − x + 3 b y = x3 + 5x2 + 2x − 6 c y=8−
x
3x6 − 4 1 − 12
d y = 2x4 + 3x2 − 9 e y= f y = 6x 2 − x
x2

 Solomon Press
2
 ra ient tan ent nor a an rate of an e

C1 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet C

1 Find the gradient at the point with x-coordinate 3 on each of the following curves.
3
a y = x3 b y = 4x − x2 c y = 2x2 − 8x + 3 d y= +2
x

2 Find the gradient of each curve at the given point.

a y = 3x2 + x − 5 (1, −1) b y = x4 + 2x3 (−2, 0)
c y = x(2x − 3) (2, 2) d y = x2 − 2x−1 (2, 3)
2 −2
e y = x + 6x + 8 (−3, −1) f y = 4x + x ( 12 , 6)

3 Evaluate f ′(4) when

1 3
a f(x) = (x + 1)2 b f(x) = x 2 c f(x) = x − 4x−2 d f(x) = 5 − 6x 2

4 The curve with equation y = x3 − 4x2 + 3x crosses the x-axis at the points A, B and C.
a Find the coordinates of the points A, B and C.
b Find the gradient of the curve at each of the points A, B and C.

5 For the curve with equation y = 2x2 − 5x + 1,

dy
a find ,
dx
dy
b find the value of x for which = 7.
dx

6 Find the coordinates of the points on the curve with the equation y = x3 − 8x at which the
gradient of the curve is 4.

7 A curve has the equation y = x3 + x2 − 4x + 1.

a Find the gradient of the curve at the point P (−1, 5).
Given that the gradient at the point Q on the curve is the same as the gradient at the point P,
b find, as exact fractions, the coordinates of the point Q.

8 Find an equation of the tangent to each curve at the given point.

a y = x2 (2, 4) b y = x2 + 3x + 4 (−1, 2)
c y = 2x2 − 6x + 8 (1, 4) d y = x3 − 4x2 + 2 (3, −7)

9 Find an equation of the tangent to each curve at the given point. Give your answers in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
2
a y = 3 − x2 (−3, −6) b y= (2, 1)
x

c y = 2x2 + 5x − 1 ( 12 , 2) d y=x− 3 x (4, −2)

10 Find an equation of the normal to each curve at the given point. Give your answers in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
a y = x2 − 4 (1, −3) b y = 3x2 + 7x + 7 (−2, 5)
6
c y = x3 − 8x + 4 (2, −4) d y=x− (3, 1)
x

 Solomon Press
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C1 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet C continued

11 Find, in the form y = mx + c, an equation of

a the tangent to the curve y = 3x2 − 5x + 2 at the point on the curve with x-coordinate 2,
b the normal to the curve y = x3 + 5x2 − 12 at the point on the curve with x-coordinate −3.

12 A curve has the equation y = x3 + 3x2 − 16x + 2.

a Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point P (2, −10).
The tangent to the curve at the point Q is parallel to the tangent at the point P.
b Find the coordinates of the point Q.

13 A curve has the equation y = x2 − 3x + 4.

a Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point A (2, 2).
The normal to the curve at A intersects the curve again at the point B.
b Find the coordinates of the point B.

14 f(x) ≡ x3 + 4x2 − 18.

a Find f ′(x).
b Show that the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at the point on the curve with x-coordinate −3
passes through the origin.

15 The curve C has the equation y = 6 + x − x2.

a Find the coordinates of the point P, where C crosses the positive x-axis, and the point Q,
where C crosses the y-axis.
b Find an equation of the tangent to C at P.
c Find the coordinates of the point where the tangent to C at P meets the tangent to C at Q.

16 The straight line l is a tangent to the curve y = x2 − 5x + 3 at the point A on the curve.
Given that l is parallel to the line 3x + y = 0,
a find the coordinates of the point A,
b find the equation of the line l in the form y = mx + c.

16
17 The line with equation y = 2x + k is a normal to the curve with equation y = .
x2
Find the value of the constant k.

18 A ball is thrown vertically downwards from the top of a cliff. The distance, s metres, of the ball
from the top of the cliff after t seconds is given by s = 3t + 5t 2.
Find the rate at which the distance the ball has travelled is increasing when
a t = 0.6,
b s = 54.

19 Water is poured into a vase such that the depth, h cm, of the water in the vase after t seconds is
1
given by h = kt 3 , where k is a constant. Given that when t = 1, the depth of the water in the vase
is increasing at the rate of 3 cm per second,
a find the value of k,
b find the rate at which h is increasing when t = 8.

 Solomon Press
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 i e e a t e e tion on ifferentiation

C1 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet D

1 f(x) = (x + 1)(x − 2)2.

a Sketch the curve y = f(x), showing the coordinates of any points where the curve
meets the coordinate axes. (3)
b Find f ′(x). (4)
c Show that the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at the point where x = 1 has the equation
y = 5 − 3x. (3)
1
2 The curve C has the equation y = x − 3x 2 + 3 and passes through the point P (4, 1).
a Show that the tangent to C at P passes through the origin. (5)
The normal to C at P crosses the y-axis at the point Q.
b Find the area of triangle OPQ, where O is the origin. (4)

3 y

y = x2 + x − 2

A O B x

The diagram shows the curve y = x2 + x − 2. The curve crosses the x-axis at the points
A (a, 0) and B (b, 0) where a < b.
a Find the values of a and b. (3)
b Show that the normal to the curve at A has the equation
x − 3y + 2 = 0. (5)
The tangent to the curve at B meets the normal to the curve at A at the point C.
c Find the exact coordinates of C. (4)

x2 − 6 x − 3 dy ( x + a) 2
4 Given that y = 1
, show that can be expressed in the form 3
, where
3x 2 dx bx 2
a and b are integers to be found. (6)

12
5 The point A lies on the curve y = and the x-coordinate of A is 2.
x2
a Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at A. Give your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers. (5)
b Verify that the point where the tangent at A intersects the curve again has the
coordinates (−1, 12). (3)

6 A curve has the equation y = 2 + 3x + kx2 − x3 where k is a constant.

Given that the gradient of the curve is −6 at the point P where x = −1,
a find the value of k. (4)
Given also that the tangent to the curve at the point Q is parallel to the tangent at P,
b find the length PQ, giving your answer in the form k 5 . (5)

 Solomon Press
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C1 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet D continued

1
7 Differentiate x2 + with respect to x. (3)
2x

8 A curve has the equation y = 2x2 − 7x + 1 and the point A on the curve has x-coordinate 2.
a Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at A. (4)
The normal to the curve at the point B is parallel to the tangent at A.
b Find the coordinates of B. (3)
1
9 y = x2 + 3x 2 .
dy
a Find . (2)
dx
d2 y dy
b Show that 2x 2
+ − 6x = 0. (4)
dx dx

4
10 A curve has the equation y = 2 + .
x
a Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point M (4, 3). (5)
The normal to the curve at M intersects the curve again at the point N.
b Find the coordinates of the point N. (5)

11 y
l
P y = x3 − 3x2 − 8x + 4
m

O x

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = x3 − 3x2 − 8x + 4.

The straight line l is the tangent to the curve at the point P (−1, 8).
a Find an equation of line l. (4)
The straight line m is parallel to l and is the tangent to the curve at the point Q.
b Find an equation of line m. (4)
c Find an equation of the normal to the curve at P. (2)
d Hence, or otherwise, show that the distance between lines l and m is 16 2 . (4)

12 A curve has the equation y = x (k − x), where k is a constant.

Given that the gradient of the curve is 2 at the point P where x = 2,
a find the value of k, (5)
b show that the normal to the curve at P has the equation
x + 2 y = c,
where c is an integer to be found. (5)

 Solomon Press
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 n rea in an e rea in f n tion an tationar oint

C2 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet A

dy
1 In each case, find any values of x for which = 0.
dx
a y = x2 + 6x b y = 4x2 + 2x + 1 c y = x3 − 12x d y = 4 + 9x2 − x3
9 1
e y = x3 − 5x2 + 3x f y=x+ g y = (x2 + 3)(x − 3) h y = x 2 − 2x
x

2 Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is increasing when

a f(x) ≡ 2x2 + 2x + 1 b f(x) ≡ 3x2 − 2x3 c f(x) ≡ 3x3 − x − 7
8
d f(x) ≡ x3 + 6x2 − 15x + 8 e f(x) ≡ x(x − 6)2 f f(x) ≡ 2x +
x

3 Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is decreasing when

a f(x) ≡ x3 + 2x2 + 1 b f(x) ≡ 5 + 27x − x3 c f(x) ≡ (x2 − 2)(2x − 1)

4 f(x) ≡ x3 + kx2 + 3.
Given that (x + 1) is a factor of f(x),
a find the value of the constant k,
b find the set of values of x for which f(x) is increasing.

5 Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve.

a y = x2 + 2x b y = 5x2 − 4x + 1 c y = x3 − 3x + 4
8
d y = 4x3 + 3x2 + 2 e y = 2x + 3 + f y = x3 − 9x2 − 21x + 11
x
1 3 2
g y= − 4x2 h y = 2x 2 − 6x i y = 9x 3 − 2x + 5
x

d2 y
6 Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve. By evaluating at each
dx 2
stationary point, determine whether it is a maximum or minimum point.
a y = 5 + 4x − x2 b y = x3 − 3x c y = x3 + 9x2 − 8
4
d y = x3 − 6x2 − 36x + 15 e y = x4 − 8x2 − 2 f y = 9x +
x
1 x 4 + 16
g y = x − 6x 2 h y = 3 − 8x + 7x2 − 2x3 i y=
2x2

7 Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve and determine whether each
stationary point is a maximum, minimum or point of inflexion.
a y = x2 − x 3 b y = x3 + 3x2 + 3x c y = x4 − 2
16
d y = 4 − 12x + 6x2 − x3 e y = x2 + f y = x4 + 4x3 − 1
x

8 Sketch each of the following curves showing the coordinates of any turning points.
1
a y = x3 + 3x2 b y=x+ c y = x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 1
x
1
d y = 3x − 4x 2 e y = x3 + 4x2 − 3x − 5 f y = (x2 − 2)(x2 − 6)

 Solomon Press
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 a i ini ro e

C2 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet B

h
2x
x
The diagram shows a baking tin in the shape of an open-topped cuboid made from thin metal
sheet. The base of the tin measures x cm by 2x cm, the height of the tin is h cm and the volume of
the tin is 4000 cm3.
a Find an expression for h in terms of x.
b Show that the area of metal sheet used to make the tin, A cm2, is given by
12000
A = 2x2 + .
x
c Use differentiation to find the value of x for which A is a minimum.
d Find the minimum value of A.
e Show that your value of A is a minimum.

r
The diagram shows a closed plastic cylinder used for making compost. The radius of the base
and the height of the cylinder are r cm and h cm respectively and the surface area of the cylinder
is 30 000 cm2.
a Show that the volume of the cylinder, V cm3, is given by
V = 15 000r − πr3.
b Find the maximum volume of the cylinder and show that your value is a maximum.

0
3

x
l
x
The diagram shows a square prism of length l cm and cross-section x cm by x cm.
Given that the surface area of the prism is k cm2, where k is a constant,
k − 2 x2
a show that l = ,
4x
b use calculus to prove that the maximum volume of the prism occurs when it is a cube.

 Solomon Press
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 Differentiation f rt er e tion

C2 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet C

1 f(x) ≡ 2x3 + 5x2 − 1.

a Find f ′(x).
b Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is increasing.

2 The curve C has the equation y = x3 − x2 + 2x − 4.

a Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point (1, −2). Give your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
b Prove that the curve C has no stationary points.

4
3 A curve has the equation y = x + .
x
dy d2 y
a Find and .
dx dx 2
b Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve and determine its nature.

4 f(x) ≡ x3 + 6x2 + 9x.

a Find the coordinates of the points where the curve y = f(x) meets the x-axis.
b Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is decreasing.
c Sketch the curve y = f(x), showing the coordinates of any stationary points.

5 h

O 2 t

The graph shows the height, h cm, of the letters on a website advert t seconds after the advert
appears on the screen.
For t in the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 2, h is given by the equation
h = 2t 4 − 8t 3 + 8t 2 + 1.
For larger values of t, the variation of h over this interval is repeated every 2 seconds.
dh
a Find for t in the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 2.
dt
b Find the rate at which the height of the letters is increasing when t = 0.25
c Find the maximum height of the letters.

6 The curve C has the equation y = x3 + 3kx2 − 9k2x, where k is a non-zero constant.
a Show that C is stationary when
x2 + 2kx − 3k2 = 0.
b Hence, show that C is stationary at the point with coordinates (k, −5k3).
c Find, in terms of k, the coordinates of the other stationary point on C.

 Solomon Press
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C2 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet C continued

x
The diagram shows a solid triangular prism. The cross-section of the prism is an equilateral
triangle of side x cm and the length of the prism is l cm.
Given that the volume of the prism is 250 cm3,
a find an expression for l in terms of x,
b show that the surface area of the prism, A cm2, is given by
3 2000
A= (x2 + ).
2 x
Given that x can vary,
c find the value of x for which A is a minimum,
d find the minimum value of A in the form k 3 ,
e justify that the value you have found is a minimum.

8 f(x) ≡ x3 + 4x2 + kx + 1.
a Find the set of values of the constant k for which the curve y = f(x) has two stationary points.
Given that k = −3,
b find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = f(x).

9 y

1 − 12
y = x 2 − 4 + 3x

O A B x
C
1 −1
The diagram shows the curve with equation y = x 2 − 4 + 3x 2 . The curve crosses the x-axis at
the points A and B and has a minimum point at C.
a Find the coordinates of A and B.
b Find the coordinates of C, giving its y-coordinate in the form a 3 + b, where a and b are
integers.

10 f(x) = x3 − 3x2 + 4.
a Show that (x + 1) is a factor of f(x).
b Fully factorise f(x).
c Hence state, with a reason, the coordinates of one of the turning points of the curve y = f(x).
d Using differentiation, find the coordinates of the other turning point of the curve y = f(x).

 Solomon Press
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 i e e a t e e tion on ifferentiation

C2 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet D

1 f(x) ≡ 7 + 24x + 3x2 − x3.

a Find f ′(x). (2)
b Find the set of values of x for which f(x) is increasing. (4)

2 The curve with equation y = x3 + ax2 − 24x + b, where a and b are constants, passes
through the point P (−2, 30).
a Show that 4a + b + 10 = 0. (2)
Given also that P is a stationary point of the curve,
b find the values of a and b, (4)
c find the coordinates of the other stationary point on the curve. (3)

16
3 f(x) ≡ x2 + , x ≠ 0.
x
a Find f ′(x). (2)
b Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve y = f(x) and determine
its nature. (6)

r 3θ

θ θ

The diagram shows a design to be used on a new brand of cat-food. The design consists
of three circular sectors, each of radius r cm. The angle of two of the sectors is θ radians
and the angle of the third sector is 3θ radians as shown.
Given that the area of the design is 25 cm2,
10
a show that θ = , (3)
r2
b find the perimeter of the design, P cm, in terms of r. (3)
Given that r can vary,
c find the value of r for which P takes it minimum value, (4)
d find the minimum value of P, (1)
e justify that the value you have found is a minimum. (2)

5 The curve C has the equation

3
y = 2x − x 2 , x ≥ 0.
a Find the coordinates of any points where C meets the x-axis. (3)
b Find the x-coordinate of the stationary point on C and determine whether it is a
maximum or a minimum point. (6)
c Sketch the curve C. (2)

 Solomon Press
11
C2 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet D continued

6 The curve y = x3 − 3x + 1 is stationary at the points P and Q.

a Find the coordinates of the points P and Q. (5)
b Find the length of PQ in the form k 5 . (3)

2
7 f(x) ≡ 2x − 5 + , x ≠ 0.
x
a Solve the equation f(x) = 0. (4)
b Solve the equation f ′(x) = 0. (4)
c Sketch the curve y = f(x), showing the coordinates of any turning points and of any
points where the curve crosses the coordinate axes. (3)

8
x

25 cm

40 cm

Two identical rectangles of width x cm are removed from a rectangular piece of card
measuring 25 cm by 40 cm as shown in the diagram above. The remaining card is the
net of a cuboid of height x cm.
a Find expressions in terms of x for the length and width of the base of the cuboid
formed from the net. (3)
3 2 3
b Show that the volume of the cuboid is (2x − 65x + 500x) cm . (2)
c Find the value of x for which the volume of the cuboid is a maximum. (5)
d Find the maximum volume of the cuboid and show that it is a maximum. (3)

9 a Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve

y = 2 + 9x + 3x2 − x3. (6)
b Determine whether each stationary point is a maximum or minimum point. (2)
c State the set of values of k for which the equation
2 + 9x + 3x2 − x3 = k
has three solutions. (2)

10 f(x) = 4x3 + ax2 − 12x + b.

Given that a and b are constants and that when f(x) is divided by (x + 1) there is a
remainder of 15,
a find the value of (a + b). (2)
Given also that when f(x) is divided by (x − 2) there is a remainder of 42,
b find the values of a and b, (3)
c find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = f(x). (6)

 Solomon Press
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 Differentiatin e onentia an o arit

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet A

1 Differentiate with respect to x

a ex b 3ex c ln x d 1
2
ln x

2 Differentiate with respect to t

3
a 7 − 2et b 3t 2 + ln t c et + t 5 d t 2 + 2et
1
e 2 ln t + t f 2.5et − 3.5 ln t g + 8 ln t h 7t 2 − 2t + 4et
t

d2 y
3 Find for each of the following.
dx 2
5
a y = 4x3 + ex b y = 7ex − 5x2 + 3x c y = ln x + x 2
3
d y = 5ex + 6 ln x e y= + 3 ln x f y= 4 x + 1
4
ln x
x

4 Find the value of f ′(x) at the value of x indicated in each case.

a f(x) = 3x + ex, x=0 b f(x) = ln x − x2, x=4
1
1
c f(x) = x + 2 ln x,
2
x=9 d f(x) = 5ex + , x = − 12
x2

dy
5 Find, in each case, any values of x for which = 0.
dx
a y = 5 ln x − 8x b y = 2.4ex − 3.6x c y = 3x2 − 14x + 4 ln x

6 Find the value of x for which f ′(x) takes the value indicated in each case.
a f(x) = 2ex − 3x, f ′(x) = 7 b f(x) = 15x + ln x, f ′(x) = 23
2
x
c f(x) = − 2x + ln x, f ′(x) = –1 d f(x) = 30 ln x − x2, f ′(x) = 4
8

7 Find the coordinates and the nature of any stationary points on each of the following curves.
a y = ex − 2x b y = ln x − 10x c y = 2 ln x − x
d y = 4x − 5ex e y = 7 + 2x − 4 ln x f y = x2 − 26x + 72 ln x

8 Given that y = x + kex, where k is a constant, show that

d2 y dy
(1 − x) 2
+x − y = 0.
dx dx

9 Find an equation for the tangent to each curve at the point on the curve with the given x-coordinate.
a y = ex, x=2 b y = ln x, x=3 c y = 0.8x − 2ex, x=0
4 1
d y = 5 ln x + , x=1 e y = x 3 − 3ex, x=1 f y = ln x − x, x=9
x

10 Find an equation for the normal to each curve at the point on the curve with the given x-coordinate.
a y = ln x, x=e b y = 4 + 3ex, x=0 c y = 10 + ln x, x=3
d y = 3 ln x − 2x, x=1 e y = x2 + 8 ln x, x=1 f y= 1
10
x− 3
10
ex − 1, x = 0

 Solomon Press
13
Differentiatin e onentia an o arit f rt er e tion

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet B

1 a Find an equation for the normal to the curve y = 25 x + 101 ex at the point on the curve where
x = 0, giving your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
b Find the coordinates of the point where this normal crosses the x-axis.

2 y
y = 5ex − 3 ln x

O R x

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 5ex − 3 ln x and the tangent to the curve at the
point P with x-coordinate 1.
a Show that the tangent at P has equation y = (5e − 3)x + 3.
The tangent at P meets the y-axis at Q.
The line through P parallel to the y-axis meets the x-axis at R.
b Find the area of trapezium ORPQ, giving your answer in terms of e.

3 A curve has equation y = 3x − 1

2
ex .
a Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve, giving your answers in terms of
natural logarithms.
b Determine the nature of the stationary point.

4 y

1
y = 6 ln x − 4x 2 .
P
O Q
x
R

1
The diagram shows the curve y = 6 ln x − 4x 2 . The x-coordinate of the point P on the curve is 4.
The tangent to the curve at P meets the x-axis at Q and the y-axis at R.
a Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at P.
b Hence, show that the area of triangle OQR is (10 − 12 ln 2)2.

5 The curve with equation y = 2x − 2 − ln x passes through the point A (1, 0). The tangent to the
curve at A crosses the y-axis at B and the normal to the curve at A crosses the y-axis at C.
a Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at A.
b Show that the mid-point of BC is the origin.
The curve has a minimum point at D.
c Show that the y-coordinate of D is ln 2 − 1.

 Solomon Press
14
C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet B continued

6 a Sketch the curve with equation y = ex + k, where k is a positive constant.

Show on your sketch the coordinates of any points of intersection with the coordinate axes
and the equations of any asymptotes.
b Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point on the curve where x = 2.
Given that the tangent passes through the x-axis at the point (−1, 0),
c show that k = 2e2.

7 A curve has equation y = 3x2 − 2 ln x, x > 0.

The gradient of the curve at the point P on the curve is −1.
a Find the x-coordinate of P.
b Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point on the curve where x = 1.

8 y

y = ex

O Q x

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = ex which passes through the point P (p, ep).
Given that the tangent to the curve at P passes through the origin and that the normal to the
curve at P meets the x-axis at Q,
a show that p = 1,
b show that the area of triangle OPQ, where O is the origin, is 1
2
e(1 + e2).

9 The curve with equation y = 4 − ex meets the y-axis at the point P and the x-axis at the point Q.
a Find an equation for the normal to the curve at P.
b Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at Q.
The normal to the curve at P meets the tangent to the curve at Q at the point R.
The x-coordinate of R is a ln 2 + b, where a and b are rational constants.
8
c Show that a = 5
.
d Find the value of b.

10 y

y = f(x)

O x

The diagram shows a sketch of the curve y = f(x) where

f : x → 9x4 − 16 ln x, x > 0.
Given that the set of values of x for which f(x) is a decreasing function of x is 0 < x ≤ k, find the
exact value of k.

 Solomon Press
15
 e ain r e

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet C

1 Differentiate with respect to x

a (x + 3)5 b (2x − 1)3 c (8 − x)7 d 2(3x + 4)6
1 4 1
e (6 − 5x)4 f g h
x−2 (2 x + 3)3 (7 − 3 x)2

2 Differentiate with respect to t

3
a 2e3t b 4t − 1 c 5 ln 2t d (8 − 3t ) 2
6
e 3 ln (6t + 1) f 1
2
e5t + 4 g h 2 ln (3 − 1
4
t)
3
2t − 5

d2 y
3 Find for each of the following.
dx 2
a y = (3x − 1)4 b y = 4 ln (1 + 2x) c y= 5 − 2x

4 Find the value of f ′(x) at the value of x indicated in each case.

a f(x) = x2 − 6 ln 2x, x=3 b f(x) = 3 + 2x − ex − 2, x=2
4
c f(x) = (2 − 5x)4, x= 1
2
d f(x) = , x = −1
x+5

5 Find the value of x for which f ′(x) takes the value indicated in each case.

a f(x) = 4 3 x + 15 , f ′(x) = 2 b f(x) = x2 − ln (x − 2), f ′(x) = 5

6 Differentiate with respect to x

a (x2 − 4)3 b 2(3x2 + 1)6 c ln (3 + 2x2) d (2 + x)3(2 − x)3
8
 x4 + 6  1 2
e   f g 4 + 7e x h (1 − 5x + x3)4
 2  3− x 2

1 2
i 3 ln (4 − x) j (e4x + 2)7 k l ( − x)5
5+4 x x

7 Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve.

a y = (2x − 3)5 b y = (x2 − 4)3 c y = 8x − e2x
1
d y = 1 + 2x 2 e y = 2 ln (x − x2) f y = 4x +
x−3

8 Find an equation for the tangent to each curve at the point on the curve with the given x-coordinate.
a y = (3x − 7)4, x=2 b y = 2 + ln (1 + 4x), x=0
9
c y= , x=1 d y= 5x − 1 , x= 1
4
x2 + 2

9 Find an equation for the normal to each curve at the point on the curve with the given x-coordinate.
2
a y = e 4− x − 10, x = −2 b y = (1 − 2x2)3, x= 1
2

1 x
c y= , x=1 d y = 6e 3 , x=3
2 − ln x

 Solomon Press
16
 e ain r e f rt er e tion

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet D

1 Find an equation for the tangent to the curve with equation y = x2 + ln (4x − 1) at the point on
the curve where x = 12 .

2 A curve has the equation y = 8 − e2 x .

The point P on the curve has y-coordinate 2.
a Find the x-coordinate of P.
b Show that the tangent to the curve at P has equation
2x + y = 2 + ln 4.

3 A curve has the equation y = 2x + 1 + ln (4 − 2x), x < 2.

dy d2 y
a Find and simplify expressions for and .
dx dx 2
b Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve.
c Determine the nature of this stationary point.

4 y
3
y=
2x + 1
P

O x
Q

3
The diagram shows the curve with equation y = .
2x + 1
a Find an equation for the normal to the curve at the point P (1, 1).
The normal to the curve at P intersects the curve again at the point Q.
b Find the exact coordinates of Q.

5 A quantity N is increasing such that at time t seconds,

N = aekt.
Given that at time t = 0, N = 20 and that at time t = 8, N = 60, find
a the values of the constants a and k,
b the value of N when t = 12,
c the rate at which N is increasing when t = 12.

6 f(x) ≡ (5 − 2x2)3.
a Find f ′(x).
b Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = f(x).
3
c Find the equation for the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at the point with x-coordinate 2
,
giving your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.

 Solomon Press
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C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet D continued

7 A curve has the equation y = 4x − 1

2
e2x.
a Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve, giving your answers in terms of
natural logarithms.
b Determine the nature of the stationary point.

8 y
y = f(x)

O x

The diagram shows the curve y = f(x) where f(x) = 3 ln 5x − 2x, x > 0.
a Find f ′(x).
b Find the x-coordinate of the point on the curve at which the gradient of the normal to the
curve is − 14 .
c Find the coordinates of the maximum turning point of the curve.
d Write down the set of values of x for which f(x) is a decreasing function.

9 The curve C has the equation y = x2 + 3 .

a Find an equation for the tangent to C at the point A (−1, 2).
b Find an equation for the normal to C at the point B (1, 2).
c Find the x-coordinate of the point where the tangent to C at A meets the normal to C at B.

10 A bucket of hot water is placed outside and allowed to cool. The surface temperature of the
water, T °C, after t minutes is given by
T = 20 + 60e−kt,
where k is a positive constant.
a State the initial surface temperature of the water.
b State, with a reason, the air temperature around the bucket.
Given that T = 30 when t = 25,
c find the value of k,
d find the rate at which the surface temperature of the water is decreasing when t = 40.

x
11 f(x) ≡ x2 − 7x + 4 ln ( ), x > 0.
2
a Solve the equation f ′(x) = 0, giving your answers correct to 2 decimal places.
b Find an equation for the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at the point on the curve where x = 2.

8
12 A curve has the equation y = x2 − .
x −1
a Show that the x-coordinate of any stationary point of the curve satisfies the equation
x3 − 2x2 + x + 4 = 0.
b Hence, show that the curve has exactly one stationary point and find its coordinates.
c Determine the nature of this stationary point.

 Solomon Press
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 e ro tr e

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet E

1 Given that f(x) = x(x + 2)3, find f ′(x)

a by first expanding f(x), b using the product rule.

2 Differentiate each of the following with respect to x and simplify your answers.
a xex b x(x + 1)5 c x ln x d x2(x − 1)3
e x3 ln 2x f x2e−x g 2x4(5 + x)3 h x2(x − 3)4

dy
3 Find , simplifying your answer in each case.
dx
a y = x(2x − 1)3 b y = 3x4e2x + 3 c y = x x −1
d y = x2 ln (x + 6) e y = x(1 − 5x)4 f y = (x + 2)(x − 3)3
4
g y = x 3 e3 x h y = (x + 1) ln (x2 − 1) i y = x 2 3x + 1

4 Find the value of f ′(x) at the value of x indicated in each case.

a f(x) = 4xe3x, x=0 b f(x) = 2x(x2 + 2)3, x = −1
1
c f(x) = (5x − 4) ln 3x, x= 1
3
d f(x) = x 2 (1 − 2x)3, x= 1
4

5 Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve.

a y = xe2x b y = x(x − 4)3 c y = x2(2x − 3)4
d y = x x + 12 e y = 2 + x2e−4x f y = (1 − 3x)(3 − x)3

6 Find an equation for the tangent to each curve at the point on the curve with the given x-coordinate.
a y = x(x − 2)4, x=1 b y = 3x2ex, x=1
c y = (4x − 1) ln 2x, x= 1
2
d y = x2 x + 6 , x = −2

7 Find an equation for the normal to each curve at the point on the curve with the given x-coordinate.
Give your answers in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
a y = x2(2 − x)3, x=1 b y = x ln (3x − 5), x=2
c y = (x2 − 1)e3x, x=0 d y = x x−4 , x=8

8 y

O x
x2
y = xe
2
The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y = xe x and the tangent to the curve at the
point P with x-coordinate 1.
a Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at P.
2
b Show that the area of the triangle bounded by this tangent and the coordinate axes is 3
e.

 Solomon Press
19
 e otient r e

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet F

x
1 Given that f(x) = , find f ′(x)
x+2
a using the product rule, b using the quotient rule.

2 Differentiate each of the following with respect to x and simplify your answers.
4x ex x +1 ln x
a b c d
1 − 3x x−4 2x + 3 2x
x x e2 x 2x + 1
e f g h
2 − x2 3x + 2 1 − e2 x x−3

dy
3 Find , simplifying your answer in each case.
dx
x2 x−4 2e x + 1
a y= b y= c y=
x+4 2 x2 1 − 3e x
1− x ln(3 x − 1) x +1
d y= e y= f y=
x3 + 2 x+2 x+3

4 Find the coordinates of any stationary points on each curve.

x2 e4 x x+5
a y= b y= c y=
3− x 2x − 1 2x + 1
2
x +1  x2 − 3
e y = 
ln 3x
d y=  f y=
2x  x−2 x+2

5 Find an equation for the tangent to each curve at the point on the curve with the given x-coordinate.
2x ex + 3
a y= , x=2 b y= , x=0
3− x ex + 1
x 3x + 4
c y= , x=4 d y= , x = −1
5− x x2 + 1

6 Find an equation for the normal to each curve at the point on the curve with the given x-coordinate.
Give your answers in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
1− x 4x
a y= , x=1 b y= , x = −2
3x + 1 2− x
ln(2 x − 5) x
c y= , x=3 d y= , x=2
3x − 5 x3 − 4

7 y
2 x −3
y=
x−2
B
A
O x

2 x −3
The diagram shows part of the curve y = which is stationary at the points A and B.
x−2
a Show that the x-coordinates of A and B satisfy the equation x − 3 x + 2 = 0.
b Hence, find the coordinates of A and B.

 Solomon Press
20
 e ro t r e an t e otient r e f rt er e tion

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Worksheet G

1 A curve has the equation y = x2(2 − x)3 and passes through the point A (1, 1).
a Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at A.
b Show that the normal to the curve at A passes through the origin.

x
2 A curve has the equation y = .
2x + 3
a Find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the point P (−1, −1).
b Find an equation for the normal to the curve at the origin, O.
c Find the coordinates of the point where the tangent to the curve at P meets the normal to the
curve at O.

3 y
y = (x + 3)(x − 1)3
O
P Q x

R
The diagram shows the curve with equation y = (x + 3)(x − 1)3 which crosses the x-axis at the
points P and Q and has a minimum at the point R.
a Write down the coordinates of P and Q.
b Find the coordinates of R.

4 Given that y = x 4 x + 1 ,
dy 6x + 1
a show that = ,
dx 4x + 1
dy
b solve the equation − 5y = 0.
dx
2( x − 1)
5 A curve has the equation y = and crosses the x-axis at the point A.
x2 + 3
a Show that the normal to the curve at A has the equation y = 2 − 2x.
b Find the coordinates of any stationary points on the curve.
3
6 f(x) ≡ x 2 (x − 3)3, x > 0.
a Show that
1
f ′(x) = k x 2 (x − 1)(x − 3)2,
where k is a constant to be found.
b Hence, find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = f(x).

7 f(x) = x 2 x + 12 , x ≥ −6.
3( x + 8)
a Find f ′(x) and show that f ′′(x) = 3
.
(2 x + 12) 2
b Find the coordinates of the turning point of the curve y = f(x) and determine its nature.

 Solomon Press
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 Differentiation o tion

C1 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet B

1 a 2x b 4x3 c 1 d 9x8 e −3x−4 f −x−2

g 8x h 7 i 10x4 j 0 k −16x−3 l −44x−5

2 a 5x4 + 2x b 1 + 3x2 c 4x3 d 6x5 − 2

e 18x2 − 10x−3 f 2x − 4 g −x−2 + 5x−6 h 12x2 − 12x−5

1 −2 2 −3 − 34
1 1
3 a 6t5 b −15t−4 c 2
t d 3
t e 3
2
t f 2t
5 − 65 1 − 52 − 94 1
g 7t 2 h − 15 t i 3 5
5
t j − 32 t k −15t l 2 3
9
t

1 − 12 2
4 a 2 + 2x5 b 3
2
x2 c 1 + 2x d 10x 3 + 4x−5
− 95 − 56 − 14 − 52 − 11
e − 45 x f 1
3
x + 3
4
x g −3x−2 + 15
2
x h 7x−2 − 8
3
x 3

1 1
5 a y = x2 b y = 4 − x−1 c y = 3x2 + x 3 d y = 9x + 3x−1
dy − 12 dy dy − 23 dy
= 1
2
x = x−2 = 6x + 1
3
x = 9 − 3x−2
dx dx dx dx

− 14 5 1
e y= 1
4
x−1 − x−2 f y = 6x g y = x2 h y = 8x 2 + 4
3
x−2
dy dy − 54 dy 3 dy − 12
= − 14 x−2 + 2x−3 = − 32 x = 5
2
x2 = 4x − 8
3
x−3
dx dx dx dx

6 a s = t2 + 3t b s = t2 − 4t + 4 c s = 5t4 + 20t2 d s = 7t3 − t

ds ds ds ds
= 2t + 3 = 2t − 4 = 20t3 + 40t = 21t2 − 1
dt dt dt dt

e s = t2 + 7t + 6 f s = t2 − 2t − 8 g s = t5 + 3t3 + 9t h s = 2t3 − 5t2 + 3t

ds ds ds ds
= 2t + 7 = 2t − 2 = 5t4 + 9t2 + 9 = 6t2 − 10t + 3
dt dt dt dt

3 1 1 − 12
7 a y = x 2 − 4x 2 b y = x2 − 2 c y = 4x + x−1 d y = x 2 + 3x
dy 1 − 12 dy dy dy − 12 − 32
= 3
2
x 2 − 2x = 2x = 4 − x−2 = 1
2
x − 3
2
x
dx dx dx dx

− 32 1 5
e y = 2x−1 − 1
2
x2 f y = 5x−2 + x g y=3− 2
3
x−1 h y = 2x 2 + 1
4
x2
dy dy − 52 dy dy − 12 3
= −2x−2 − x = −10x−3 − 3
2
x = 2
3
x−2 = x + 5
8
x2
dx dx dx dx

dy dy dy
8 a = 8x − 1 b = 3x2 + 10x + 2 c = 2x−2
dx dx dx
d2 y d2 y d2 y
=8 = 6x + 10 = −4x−3
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2

dy dy − 12 − 32
d = 8x3 + 6x e y = 3x4 − 4x−2 f = 3x + 1
2
x
dx dx
d2 y dy d2 y − 32 − 52
= 24x2 + 6 = 12x3 + 8x−3 = − 32 x − 3
4
x
dx 2 dx dx 2
d2 y
= 36x2 − 24x−4
dx 2

 Solomon Press
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 ra ient tan ent nor a an rate of an e o tion

C1 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet C

dy dy dy dy
1 a = 3x2 b = 4 − 2x c = 4x − 8 d = −3x−2
dx dx dx dx
grad = 27 grad = −2 grad = 4 grad = − 13

dy dy
2 a = 6x + 1 b = 4x3 + 6x2
dx dx
at (1, −1) grad = 7 at (−2, 0) grad = −8
dy dy
c y = 2x2 − 3x, = 4x − 3 d = 2x + 2x−2
dx dx
9
at (2, 2) grad = 5 at (2, 3) grad = 2

dy dy
e = 2x + 6 f = 4 − 2x−3
dx dx
at (−3, −1) grad = 0 at ( 12 , 6) grad = −12

− 12 1
3 a f(x) = x2 + 2x + 1 b f ′(x) = 1
2
x c f ′(x) = 1 + 8x−3 d f ′(x) = −9x 2
f ′(x) = 2x + 2 f ′(4) = 1
4
f ′(4) = 9
8
f ′(4) = −18
f ′(4) = 10

dy
4 a x(x − 1)(x − 3) = 0, x = 0, 1, 3 5 a = 4x − 5
dx
∴ (0, 0), (1, 0) and (3, 0) b 4x − 5 = 7
dy 2
b = 3x − 8x + 3 x=3
dx
at (0, 0) grad = 3
at (1, 0) grad = −2
at (3, 0) grad = 6

dy dy
6 = 3x2 − 8 7 a = 3x2 + 2x − 4
dx dx
∴ 3x2 − 8 = 4 grad at P = −3
x2 = 4 b grad at Q = −3
x=±2 ∴ 3x2 + 2x − 4 = −3
∴ (−2, 8) and (2, −8) 3x2 + 2x − 1 = 0
(3x − 1)(x + 1) = 0
x = −1 (at P) or 13
∴ Q ( 13 , − 275 )

dy dy
8 a = 2x, grad = 4 b = 2x + 3, grad = 1
dx dx
∴ y − 4 = 4(x − 2) [ y = 4x − 4] ∴ y−2=x+1 [ y = x + 3]
dy dy
c = 4x − 6, grad = −2 d = 3x2 − 8x, grad = 3
dx dx
∴ y − 4 = −2(x − 1) [ y = −2x + 6] ∴ y + 7 = 3(x − 3) [ y = 3x − 16]

 Solomon Press
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C1 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet C page 2

dy dy
9 a = −2x, grad = 6 b = −2x−2, grad = − 12
dx dx
∴ y + 6 = 6(x + 3) ∴ y − 1 = − 12 (x − 2)
y + 6 = 6x + 18 2y − 2 = −x + 2
6x − y + 12 = 0 x + 2y − 4 = 0
dy dy − 12
c = 4x + 5, grad = 7 d =1− 3
2
x , grad = 1
4
dx dx
∴ y − 2 = 7(x − 1
2
) ∴ y+2= 1
4
(x − 4)
2y − 4 = 14x − 7 4y + 8 = x − 4
14x − 2y − 3 = 0 x − 4y − 12 = 0

dy dy
10 a = 2x, grad = 2 b = 6x + 7, grad = −5
dx dx
∴ grad of normal = − 12 ∴ grad of normal = 1
5

∴ y + 3 = − 12 (x − 1) ∴ y−5= 1
5
(x + 2)
2y + 6 = −x + 1 5y − 25 = x + 2
x + 2y + 5 = 0 x − 5y + 27 = 0
dy dy
c = 3x2 − 8, grad = 4 d = 1 + 6x−2, grad = 5
3
dx dx
∴ grad of normal = − 14 ∴ grad of normal = − 35
∴ y + 4 = − 14 (x − 2) ∴ y − 1 = − 35 (x − 3)
4y + 16 = −x + 2 5y − 5 = −3x + 9
x + 4y + 14 = 0 3x + 5y − 14 = 0

dy
11 a x=2 ∴y=4 12 a = 3x2 + 6x − 16, grad = 8
dx
dy
= 6x − 5, grad = 7 ∴ y + 10 = 8(x − 2) [ y = 8x − 26]
dx
∴ y − 4 = 7(x − 2) b 3x2 + 6x − 16 = 8
y = 7x − 10 x2 + 2x − 8 = 0
b x = −3 ∴ y = 6 (x + 4)(x − 2) = 0
dy
= 3x2 + 10x, grad = −3 x = 2 (at P) or −4
dx
∴ grad of normal = 1
3
∴ Q (−4, 50)
∴ y−6= 1
3
(x + 3)
1
y= 3
x+7

dy
13 a = 2x − 3, grad = 1 14 a f ′(x) = 3x2 + 8x
dx
∴ grad of normal = −1 b x = −3 ∴ y = −9
∴ y − 2 = −(x − 2) [ y = 4 − x] grad = 3
b x2 − 3x + 4 = 4 − x ∴ y + 9 = 3(x + 3)
x2 − 2x = 0 y = 3x which passes through (0, 0)
x(x − 2) = 0
x = 2 (at A) or 0
∴ B (0, 4)

 Solomon Press
24
C1 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet C page 3

15 a y = 0 ⇒ 6 + x − x2 = 0 16 a grad of l = −3
dy
(2 + x)(3 − x) = 0 for curve, = 2x − 5
dx
x = −2, 3 ∴ at A, 2x − 5 = −3
+ve x-axis ∴ P (3, 0) x=1
x = 0 ⇒ y = 6 ∴ Q (0, 6) ∴ A (1, −1)
dy
b = 1 − 2x b y + 1 = −3(x − 1)
dx
grad at P = −5 y = −3x + 2
y = −5(x − 3) [ y = 15 − 5x]
c grad at Q = 1
tangent at Q: y = x + 6
∴ 15 − 5x = x + 6
x = 32
∴ ( 32 , 15
2
)

ds
17 grad of normal = 2 18 a = 3 + 10t
dt
ds
∴ grad of curve = − 12 t = 0.6 ⇒ = 9 metres per second
dt
dy
for curve, = −32x−3 b 54 = 3t + 5t2
dx
32
∴ − = − 12 5t2 + 3t − 54 = 0
x3
x3 = 64 (5t + 18)(t − 3) = 0
x = 4 ∴ (4, 1) t>0 ∴t=3
ds
sub. 1 = 8 + k ∴ = 33 metres per second
dt
k = −7

dh − 23
19 a = 13 kt
dt
dh
when t = 1, =3
dt
∴ 1
3
k=3
k=9
dh − 23
b =3× 8 = 0.75 cm per second
dt

 Solomon Press
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 i e e a t e e tion on ifferentiation o tion

C1 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet D

dy − 12
1 a y 2 a =1− 3
2
x
dx
1
(0, 4) grad at P = 4

∴ y−1= 1
4
(x − 4)
1
y= 4
x which passes through (0, 0)
(−1, 0) O (2, 0) x b grad of normal = −4
∴ y − 1 = −4(x − 4) [ y = 17 − 4x]
b f(x) = (x + 1)(x2 − 4x + 4) at Q, x = 0 ⇒ y = 17
= x3 − 4x2 + 4x + x2 − 4x + 4 ∴ area = 12 × 17 × 4 = 34
= x3 − 3x2 + 4
f ′(x) = 3x2 − 6x
c x = 1 ∴ y = 2 × (−1)2 = 2
grad = 3 − 6 = −3 17
∴ y − 2 = −3(x − 1)
y − 2 = −3x + 3
y = 5 − 3x 4
3 1 − 12
3 a x2 + x − 2 = 0 4 y= 1
3
x 2 − 2x 2 − x
dy 1 − 12 − 32
(x + 2)(x − 1) = 0 = 1
2
x2 − x + 1
2
x
dx
x2 − 2 x + 1
x = −2, 1 a < b ∴ a = −2, b = 1 = 3
2x 2
dy ( x − 1) 2
b = 2x + 1 = 3
[ a = −1, b = 2 ]
dx 2x2
grad at A = −3
∴ grad of normal = 1
3

∴ y − 0 = 13 (x + 2)
3y = x + 2
x − 3y + 2 = 0
c grad at B = 3
tangent at B: y − 0 = 3(x − 1)
y = 3x − 3
at C, x − 3(3x − 3) + 2 = 0
x = 118
∴ C ( 118 , 9
8
)

dy dy
5 a = −24x−3 6 a = 3 + 2kx − 3x2
dx dx
at A, y = 3, grad= −3 at P, 3 − 2k − 3 = −6
∴ y − 3 = −3(x − 2) k=3
3x + y − 9 = 0 b y = 2 + 3x + 3x2 − x3 ∴ P (−1, 3)
b tangent: at Q, 3 + 6x − 3x2 = −6
x = −1 ⇒ −3 + y − 9 = 0 ⇒ y = 12 x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
curve: (x + 1)(x − 3) = 0
12
x = −1 ⇒ y = ⇒ y = 12 x = −1 (at P) or 3 ∴ Q (3, 11)
1
∴ tangent intersects curve at (−1, 12) PQ = 16 + 64 = 80 = 4 5

 Solomon Press
26
C1 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet D page 2

d dy
7 = (x2 + 1
2
x−1) 8 a = 4x − 7
dx dx
= 2x − 1
2
x−2 at A, y = −5, grad = 1
∴ y + 5 = 1(x − 2)
[y=x−7]
b grad of normal at B = 1
∴ grad of curve at B = −1
∴ 4x − 7 = −1
x = 32 , y = 2( 94 ) − 7( 32 ) + 1 = −5
∴ B ( 32 , −5)

dy − 12 dy
9 a = 2x + 3
2
x 10 a = −4x−2
dx dx
d2 y − 32
b =2− 3
4
x grad at M = − 14
dx 2
d2 y dy
∴ 2x + − 6x ∴ grad of normal = 4
dx 2 dx
− 32 − 12
= 2x(2 − 3
4
x ) + 2x + 3
2
x − 6x ∴ y − 3 = 4(x − 4) [ y = 4x − 13]
− 12 − 12 4
= 4x − 3
2
x + 2x + 3
2
x − 6x b 4x − 13 = 2 +
x
=0 4x2 − 15x − 4 = 0
(4x + 1)(x − 4) = 0
x = 4 (at M) or − 14
∴ N ( − 14 , −14)

dy 1 3
11 a = 3x2 − 6x − 8 12 a y = kx 2 − x 2
dx
dy − 12 1
grad at P = 1 = 1
2
kx − 3
2
x2
dx
∴ y − 8 = 1(x + 1) [ y = x + 9] at P, 1
2
k( 1
2
)− 3
2
( 2)= 2
b at Q, 3x2 − 6x − 8 = 1 k−6=4
x2 − 2x − 3 = 0 k = 10
(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0 b y= x (10 − x)
x = −1 at P ∴ Q (3, −20) at P, y = 2 (10 − 2) = 8 2
∴ y + 20 = 1(x − 3) [ y = x − 23] grad of normal = − 12
c grad normal = −1 ∴ y− 8 2 =− 1
2
(x − 2)
∴ y − 8 = −(x + 1) [ y = 7 − x] 2 y − 16 = −x + 2
d normal at P meets m when x + 2 y = 18 [ c = 18 ]
7 − x = x − 23
x = 15 ∴ (15, −8)
dist between lines = dist P to (15, −8)
= 162 + 162 = 162 × 2 = 16 2

 Solomon Press
27
 n rea in an e rea in f n tion an tationar oint
o tion
C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet A

dy dy dy dy
1 a = 2x + 6 b = 8x + 2 c = 3x2 − 12 d = 18x − 3x2
dx dx dx dx
2x + 6 = 0 8x + 2 = 0 3x2 − 12 = 0 18x − 3x2 = 0
x = −3 x = − 14 x2 = 4 3x(6 − x) = 0
x=±2 x = 0, 6

dy dy dy − 12
e = 3x2 − 10x + 3 f = 1 − 9x−2 g y = x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 9 h = 1
2
x −2
dx dx dx
dy − 12
3x2 − 10x + 3 = 0 1 − 9x−2 = 0 = 3x2 − 6x + 3 1
2
x −2=0
dx
−1
(3x − 1)(x − 3) = 0 x2 = 9 3x2 − 6x + 3 = 0 x 2 =4
x = 13 , 3 x=±3 3(x − 1)2 = 0 x = 161
x=1

2 a f ′(x) = 4x + 2 b f ′(x) = 6x − 6x2 c f ′(x) = 9x2 − 1

∴ 4x + 2 ≥ 0 ∴ 6x − 6x2 ≥ 0 ∴ 9x2 − 1 ≥ 0
x ≥ − 12 6x(1 − x) ≥ 0 x2 ≥ 19
0≤x≤1 x ≤ − 13 and x ≥ 1
3

d f ′(x) = 3x2 + 12x − 15 e f(x) = x3 − 12x2 + 36x f f ′(x) = 2 − 8x−2

∴ 3x2 + 12x − 15 ≥ 0 f ′(x) = 3x2 − 24x + 36 ∴ 2 − 8x−2 ≥ 0
3(x + 5)(x − 1) ≥ 0 ∴ 3x2 − 24x + 36 ≥ 0 x2 ≥ 4
x ≤ −5 and x ≥ 1 3(x − 2)(x − 6) ≥ 0 x ≤ −2 and x ≥ 2
x ≤ 2 and x ≥ 6

3 a f ′(x) = 3x2 + 4x b f ′(x) = 27 − 3x2 c f(x) = 2x3 − x2 − 4x + 2

∴ 3x2 + 4x ≤ 0 ∴ 27 − 3x2 ≤ 0 f ′(x) = 6x2 − 2x − 4
x(3x + 4) ≤ 0 x2 ≥ 9 ∴ 6x2 − 2x − 4 ≤ 0
− 43 ≤ x ≤ 0 x ≤ −3 and x ≥ 3 2(3x + 2)(x − 1) ≤ 0
− 23 ≤ x ≤ 1

4 a (x + 1) factor ∴ f(−1) = 0
∴ −1 + k + 3 = 0
k = −2
b f ′(x) = 3x2 − 4x
∴ 3x2 − 4x ≥ 0
x(3x − 4) ≥ 0
x ≤ 0 and x ≥ 4
3

 Solomon Press
28
C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet A page 2

dy dy dy
5 a = 2x + 2 b = 10x − 4 c = 3x2 − 3
dx dx dx
SP: 2x + 2 = 0 SP: 10x − 4 = 0 SP: 3x2 − 3 = 0
x = −1 x = 25 x2 = 1
∴ (−1, −1) ∴ ( 25 , 1
5
) x=±1
∴ (−1, 6), (1, 2)
dy dy dy
d = 12x2 + 6x e = 2 − 8x−2 f = 3x2 − 18x − 21
dx dx dx
SP: 12x2 + 6x = 0 SP: 2 − 8x−2 = 0 SP: 3x2 − 18x − 21 = 0
6x(2x + 1) = 0 x2 = 4 3(x + 1)(x − 7) = 0
x = − 12 , 0 x=±2 x = −1, 7
∴ ( − 12 , 9
4
), (0, 2) ∴ (−2, −5), (2, 11) ∴ (−1, 22), (7, −234)

dy dy 1 dy − 13
g = −x−2 − 8x h = 3x 2 − 6 i = 6x −2
dx dx dx
1 − 13
SP: −x−2 − 8x = 0 SP: 3x 2 − 6 = 0 SP: 6x −2=0
3 1 − 13
x = − 18 x =2
2
x =3
x = − 12 x=4 x= 1
27

∴ ( − 12 , −3) ∴ (4, −8) ∴ 25

( 271 , 5 27 )

dy dy dy
6 a = 4 − 2x b = 3x2 − 3 c = 3x2 + 18x
dx dx dx
SP: 4 − 2x = 0 SP: 3x2 − 3 = 0 SP: 3x2 + 18x = 0
x=2 x2 = 1 3x(x + 6) = 0
d2 y
= −2 x=±1 x = −6, 0
dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(2, 9): max = 6x = 6x + 18
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(−1, 2): = −6, max (−6, 100): = −18, max
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(1, −2): = 6, min (0, −8): = 18, min
dx 2 dx 2

dy dy dy
d = 3x2 − 12x − 36 e = 4x3 − 16x f = 9 − 4x−2
dx dx dx
SP: 3x2 − 12x − 36 = 0 SP: 4x3 − 16x = 0 SP: 9 − 4x−2 = 0
3(x + 2)(x − 6) = 0 4x(x2 − 4) = 0 x2 = 94
x = −2, 6 x = 0, ± 2 x=± 2
3
d2 y d2 y d2 y
= 6x − 12 = 12x2 − 16 = 8x−3
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(−2, 55): = −24, max (−2, −18): = 32, min (− 23 , −12): = −27, max
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(6, −201): = 24, min (0, −2): = −16, max ( 23 , 12): = 27, min
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
(2, −18): = 32, min
dx 2

 Solomon Press
29
C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet A page 3

dy − 12 dy
g = 1 − 3x h = −8 + 14x − 6x2 i y= 1
2
x2 + 8x−2
dx dx
− 12 dy
SP: 1 − 3x =0 SP: −8 + 14x − 6x2 = 0 = x − 16x−3
dx
− 12
x = 1
3
−2(3x − 4)(x − 1) = 0 SP: x − 16x−3 = 0
x=9 x = 1, 4
3
x4 = 16
d2 y − 32 d2 y
= 3
2
x = 14 − 12x x=±2
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(9, −9): = 1
18
, min (1, 0): = 2, min = 1 + 48x−4
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
( 43 , 1
27
): = −2, max (−2, 4): = 4, min
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
(2, 4): = 4, min
dx 2

dy dy dy
7 a = 2x − 3x2 b = 3x2 + 6x + 3 c = 4x3
dx dx dx
SP: 2x − 3x2 = 0 SP: 3x2 + 6x + 3 = 0 SP: 4x3 = 0
x(2 − 3x) = 0 3(x + 1)2 = 0 x=0
d2 y
x = 0, 2
3
x = −1 = 12x2
dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
= 2 − 6x = 6x + 6 (0, −2): =0
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(0, 0): = 2, min (−1, −1): =0 x <0 0 >0
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y dy
( 23 , 4
27
): = −2, max x < −1 −1 > −1 − 0 +
dx 2 dx
dy
+ 0 + ∴ (0, −2): min
dx
∴ (−1, −1): point of inflexion
dy dy dy
d = −12 + 12x − 3x2 e = 2x − 16x−2 f = 4x3 + 12x2
dx dx dx
SP: −12 + 12x − 3x2 = 0 SP: 2x − 16x−2 = 0 SP: 4x3 + 12x2 = 0
−3(x − 2)2 = 0 x3 = 8 4x2(x + 3) = 0
x=2 x=2 x = −3, 0
d2 y d2 y d2 y
= 12 − 6x = 2 + 32x−3 = 12x2 + 24x
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(2, −4): =0 (2, 12): = 6, min (−3, −28): = 36, min
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
x <2 2 >2 (0, −1): =0
dx 2
dy
− 0 − x −3 < x < 0 0 >0
dx
dy
∴ (2, −4): point of inflexion + 0 +
dx
∴ (0, −1): point of inflexion

 Solomon Press
30
C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet A page 4

dy dy dy
8 a = 3x2 + 6x b = 1 − x−2 c = 3x2 − 6x + 3
dx dx dx
SP: 3x2 + 6x = 0 SP: 1 − x−2 = 0 SP: 3x2 − 6x + 3 = 0
3x(x + 2) = 0 x2 = 1 3(x − 1)2 = 0
x = −2, 0 x=±1 x=1
d2 y d2 y d2 y
= 6x + 6 = 2x−3 = 6x − 6
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
(−2, 4): = −6, max (−1, −2): = −2, max (1, 0): =0
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
(0, 0): = 6, min (1, 2): = 2, min x <1 1 >1
dx 2 dx 2
dy
y y + 0 +
dx
(−2, 4) ∴ (1, 0): point of inflexion
(1, 2) y

O (0, 0) x O x
(−1, −2)
O
(1, 0) x

dy − 12 dy
d = 3 − 2x e = 3x2 + 8x − 3 f y = x4 − 8x2 + 12
dx dx
− 12 dy
SP: 3 − 2x =0 SP: 3x2 + 8x − 3 = 0 = 4x3 − 16x
dx
− 12
x = 3
2
(3x − 1)(x + 3) = 0 SP: 4x3 − 16x = 0
x= 4
9
x = −3, 1
3
4x(x + 2)(x − 2) = 0
2 2
d y − 32 d y
= x = 6x + 8 x = −2, 0, 2
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y
( 94 , − 43 ): = 27
8
, min (−3, 13): = −10, max = 12x2 − 16
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
y ( 13 , −5 14
27
): = 10, min (−2, −4): = 32, min
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
y (0, 12): = −16, max
(−3, 13) dx 2
d2 y
(2, −4): = 32, min
O x dx 2
( 4
9
, − 43 )
y
O x
(0, 12)
( 13 , −5 14
27
)

O x

(−2, −4) (2, −4)

 Solomon Press
31
 a i ini ro e o tion

C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet B

1 a volume = 2x2h = 4000 2 a S.A. = 2πr2 + 2πrh = 30 000

2000
∴ h= ∴ πrh = 15 000 − πr2
x2
15000
b A = 2x2 + 2(2xh) + 2(xh) h= −r
πr
= 2x2 + 6xh V = πr2h
2000 15000
= 2x2 + (6x × ) = πr2( − r)
x2 πr
12000
= 2x2 + = 15 000r − πr3
x
dA dV
c = 4x − 12 000x−2 b = 15 000 − 3πr2
dx dr
SP: 4x − 12 000x−2 = 0 SP: 15 000 − 3πr2 = 0
5000
x3 = 3000 r2 =
π
3 5000
x= 3000 = 14.4 (3sf) r= [ = 39.9 (3sf)]
π
d min A = 1250 (3sf) max volume = 399 000 cm3 (3sf)
d2 A d 2V
e = 4 + 24 000x−3 = −6πr
dx 2 dr 2
d2 A 5000 d 2V
when x = 3
3000 , = 12 when r = , = −752
dx 2 π dr 2
d2 A d 2V
> 0 ∴ minimum < 0 ∴ maximum
dx 2 dr 2

3 a S.A. = 2x2 + 4xl = k

∴ 4xl = k − 2x2
k − 2 x2
l=
4x
b V = x2l
k − 2 x2
= x2 ×
4x
= 1
4
kx − 1
2
x3
dV
= 1
4
k− 3
2
x2
dx
SP: 1
4
k − 3
2
x2 = 0
2 1
x = 6
k
k
x=
6
d 2V
= −3x
dx 2
k d 2V
when x = , < 0 ∴ maximum
6 dx 2
k − 13 k 6
l= = 2
3
k × 14 ×
4 k k
6

k 6 k
= × =
6 k 6
∴ maximum V when l = x ∴ prism is a cube

 Solomon Press
32
 Differentiation f rt er e tion o tion

C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet C

dy
1 a f ′(x) = 6x2 + 10x 2 a = 3x2 − 2x + 2
dx
b 6x2 + 10x ≥ 0 at (1, −2), grad = 3
2x(3x + 5) ≥ 0 ∴ y + 2 = 3(x − 1)
x ≤ − 53 and x ≥ 0 3x − y − 5 = 0
b SP when 3x2 − 2x + 2 = 0
b2 − 4ac = 4 − 24 = −20
b2 − 4ac < 0 ∴ no real roots
∴ no stationary points

dy − 12
3 a = 1
2
x − 4x−2 4 a y = 0 ⇒ x(x + 3)2 = 0
dx
d2 y − 32
= − 14 x + 8x−3 x = −3, 0
dx 2
− 12
b SP: 1
2
x − 4x−2 = 0 ∴ (−3, 0), (0, 0)
3
1
2
x−2( x 2 − 8) = 0 b f ′(x) = 3x2 + 12x + 9
3
x2 = 8 decreasing when 3x2 + 12x + 9 ≤ 0
x=4 3(x + 3)(x + 1) ≤ 0
∴ (4, 3) ∴ −3 ≤ x ≤ −1
d2 y 3
when x = 4, = 32
c y
dx 2
d2 y
> 0 ∴ minimum (−3, 0)
dx 2
O x

(−1, −4)

dh dy
5 a = 8t3 − 24t2 + 16t 6 a = 3x2 + 6kx − 9k2
dt dx
b when t = 0.25, stationary when 3x2 + 6kx − 9k2 = 0
dh
= 2.625 cm per second ⇒ x2 + 2kx − 3k2 = 0
dt
c SP: 8t3 − 24t2 + 16t = 0 b (x + 3k)(x − k) = 0
8t(t − 1)(t − 2) = 0 x = −3k, k
t = 0, 1, 2 when x = k, y = k3 + 3k3 − 9k3 = −5k3
from graph, max when t = 1 ∴ stationary at (k, −5k3)
∴ max height = 3 cm c when x = −3k,
y = −27k3 + 27k3 + 27k3 = 27k3
∴ (−3k, 27k3)

 Solomon Press
33
C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet C page 2

7 a V = 1
2
x2 sin 60° × l 8 a f ′(x) = 3x2 + 8x + k
3
= 1
2
x2l × = 250 for 2 SPs, f ′(x) = 0 has 2 distinct roots
2
1000 1000 3
∴ l= or ∴ b2 − 4ac > 0
3x 2 3x 2
3
b A = (2 × x2) + 3xl 64 − 12k > 0
4
3 1000 3
= x2 + (3x × ) k< 16
3
2 3x 2
3 2000
= (x2 + ) b SP: 3x2 + 8x − 3 = 0
2 x
dA 3
c = (2x − 2000x−2) (3x − 1)(x + 3) = 0
dx 2
3
SP: (2x − 2000x−2) = 0 x = −3, 1
3
2
x3 = 1000 ∴ (−3, 19) and ( 13 , 13
27
)
x = 10
d min A = 150 3
d2 A 3
e = (2 + 4000x−3)
dx 2 2
d2 A
when x = 10, =3 3
dx 2
d2 A
> 0 ∴ minimum
dx 2

1 − 12
9 a x 2 − 4 + 3x =0 10 a f(−1) = −1 − 3 + 4 = 0
1
x − 4x + 3 = 0 2
∴ (x + 1) is a factor
1 1
( x − 1)( x − 3) = 0
2 2
b
1
x2 − 4x + 4
x = 1, 3
2
x + 1 x3 − 3x2 + 0x + 4
x = 1, 9 x3 + x2
∴ (1, 0) and (9, 0) − 4x
2
+ 0x
dy − 12 − 32 2
b = 1
2
x − 3
2
x − 4x − 4x
dx
4x + 4
− 12 − 32
SP: 1
2
x − 3
2
x =0 4x + 4
− 32
1
2
x (x − 3) = 0 ∴ f(x) ≡ (x + 1)(x2 − 4x + 4)
x=3 f(x) ≡ (x + 1)(x − 2)2
y= 3 −4+ 3
3
= 2 3 −4 c (2, 0), as (x − 2) is a repeated factor
∴ (3, 2 3 − 4) of f(x) so x-axis is a tangent at (2, 0)
d f ′(x) = 3x2 − 6x
SP: 3x2 − 6x = 0
3x(x − 2) = 0
x = 0, 2
∴ (0, 4) is other turning point

 Solomon Press
34
 i e e a t e e tion on ifferentiation o tion

C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet D

1 a f ′(x) = 24 + 6x − 3x2 2 a (−2, 30) ⇒ 30 = −8 + 4a + 48 + b

b 24 + 6x − 3x2 ≥ 0 ∴ 4a + b + 10 = 0
dy
x2 − 2x − 8 ≤ 0 b = 3x2 + 2ax − 24
dx
dy
(x + 2)(x − 4) ≤ 0 SP at P ∴ =0
dx
−2 ≤ x ≤ 4 ⇒ 12 − 4a − 24 = 0
a = −3, b = 2
c 3x2 − 6x − 24 = 0
3(x + 2)(x − 4) = 0
x = −2 (at P) or 4
other SP (4, −78)

3 a f ′(x) = 2x − 16x−2 4 a area = (2 × 1

2
r 2θ ) + 1
2
r2(3θ ) = 25
10
b SP: 2x − 16x−2 = 0 ∴ 5
2
r2θ = 25, θ =
r2
x3 = 8 b P = 2r + (2 × rθ ) + r(3θ ) = 2r + 5rθ
10 50
x=2 = 2r + 5r( ) = 2r +
r2 r
dP
∴ (2, 12) c = 2 − 50r−2
dr
f ′′(x) = 2 + 32x−3 SP: 2 − 50r−2 = 0
f ′′(2) = 6 r2 = 25
f ′′(x) > 0 ∴ minimum r=5
d min P = 20
d2P d2P
e = 100r−3, when r = 5, = 0.8
dr 2 dr 2
d2P
> 0 ∴ minimum
dr 2

3 dy
5 a 2x − x 2 = 0 6 a = 3x2 − 3
dx
1
x(2 − x 2 ) = 0 SP: 3x2 − 3 = 0
1
x = 0 or x = 2 ⇒ x = 4 2
x2 = 1
∴ (0, 0) and (4, 0) x=±1
dy 1
b =2− 3
2
x2 ∴ (−1, 3) and (1, −1)
dx
1
SP: 2− 3
2
x2 = 0 b PQ2 = 22 + 42 = 20
1
x2 = 4
3
∴ PQ = 20 = 2 5
16
x= 9
d2 y −1 d2 y
= − 34 x 2 , when x = 16
9
, = − 169
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
< 0 ∴ maximum
dx 2
c y

O 4 x

 Solomon Press
35
C2 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet D page 2

2
7 a 2x − 5 + =0 8 a y
x
2x2 − 5x + 2 = 0
(2x − 1)(x − 2) = 0
x = 12 , 2 z
−2
b f ′(x) = 2 − 2x
∴ 2 − 2x−2 = 0
x2 = 1
x=±1 2x + z = 25
c y 2x + 2y = 40
( 12 , 0) (2, 0) ∴ length and width (25 − 2x) and (20 − x)
O x b volume = x(25 − 2x)(20 − x)
(1, −1)
= x(500 − 65x + 2x2)
(−1, −9) = 2x3 − 65x2 + 500x
dV
c = 6x2 − 130x + 500
dx
SP: 6x2 − 130x + 500 = 0
2(3x − 50)(x − 5) = 0
x = 5, 503
2x < 25 ∴ x < 12.5
∴ x=5
d max volume = 1125 cm3
d 2V
= 12x − 130
dx 2
d 2V
when x = 5, = −70
dx 2
d 2V
< 0 ∴ maximum
dx 2

dy
9 a = 9 + 6x − 3x2 10 a f(−1) = 15
dx
SP: 9 + 6x − 3x2 = 0 ∴ −4 + a + 12 + b = 15
−3(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0 a+b=7 (1)
x = −1, 3 b f(2) = 42
∴ (−1, −3) and (3, 29) ∴ 32 + 4a − 24 + b = 42
d2 y
b = 6 − 6x 4a + b = 34 (2)
dx 2
d2 y
(−1, −3): = 12 ∴ minimum (2) − (1) 3a = 27
dx 2
d2 y
(3, 29): = −12 ∴ maximum ∴ a = 9, b = −2
dx 2
c −3 < k < 29 c f(x) = 4x3 + 9x2 − 12x − 2
f ′(x) = 12x2 + 18x − 12
SP: 12x2 + 18x − 12 = 0
2x2 + 3x − 2 = 0
(2x − 1)(x + 2) = 0
x = −2, 12
∴ (−2, 26) and ( 12 , − 214 )

 Solomon Press
36
 Differentiatin e onentia an o arit o tion

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet A

1 1
1 a ex b 3ex c d
x 2x

1 1
2 a −2et b 6t + c et + 5t4 d 3 2
2
t + 2et
t
2 − 12 7 8
e + 12 t f 2.5et − g −t−2 + h 14t − 2 + 4et
t 2t t
2 1 8 1
or + or −
t 2 t t t2

dy dy dy 1 3
3 a = 12x2 + ex b = 7ex − 10x + 3 c = + 5
2
x2
dx dx dx x
d2 y d2 y d2 y 1
= 24x + ex = 7ex − 10 = −x−2 + 15
4
x2
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
dy 6 dy 3 dy − 12 1
d = 5ex + e = −3x−2 + f = 2x +
dx x dx x dx 4x
d2 y d2 y d2 y − 32
= 5ex − 6x−2 = 6x−3 − 3x−2 = −x − 1
4
x−2
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2

1
4 a f ′(x) = 3 + ex b f ′(x) = − 2x
x
f ′(0) = 3 + 1 = 4 f ′(4) = 1
4
− 8 = −7 34
− 12 2
c f ′(x) = 1
2
x + d f ′(x) = 5ex − 2x−3
x
− 12
f ′(9) = 1
6
+ 2
9
= 7
18
f ′( − 12 ) = 5e + 16 [ 19.0 (3sf) ]

dy 5 dy dy 4
5 a = −8=0 b = 2.4ex − 3.6 = 0 c = 6x − 14 + =0
dx x dx dx x
x 2
5 = 8x e = 1.5 3x − 7x + 2 = 0
x = 58 x = ln 1.5 (3x − 1)(x − 2) = 0
1
[ 0.405 (3sf) ] x= 3
,2

1
6 a f ′(x) = 2ex − 3 = 7 b f ′(x) = 15 + = 23
x
1
ex = 5 =8
x
1
x = ln 5 [ 1.61 (3sf) ] x= 8

1 30
c f ′(x) = 1
4
x−2+ = −1 d f ′(x) = − 2x = 4
x x
x2 − 4x + 4 = 0 x2 + 2x − 15 = 0
(x − 2)2 = 0 (x + 5)(x − 3) = 0
x=2 ln x only real for x > 0 ∴ x = 3

 Solomon Press
37
C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet A page 2

dy dy 1 dy 2 −1
7 a = ex − 2 b = − 10 c = − 12 x 2
dx dx x dx x
1 2 −1
SP: ex − 2 = 0 SP: − 10 = 0 SP: − 12 x 2 =0
x x
1
x = ln 2 x= 1
10
4 − x2 = 0
d2 y d2 y 1
= ex = −x−2 x 2 = 4, x = 16
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y d2 y − 32
x = ln 2: =2 x= 1
10
: = −100 = −2x−2 + 1
4
x
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
∴ (ln 2, 2 − 2 ln 2), min ∴ ( 101 , −1 − ln 10), max x = 16: = − 256
1
dx 2
∴ (16, 8 ln 2 − 4), max
dy dy 4 dy 72
d = 4 − 5ex e =2− f = 2x − 26 +
dx dx x dx x
4 72
SP: 4 − 5ex = 0 SP: 2 − =0 SP: 2x − 26 + =0
x x
x = ln 4
5
x=2 x2 − 13x + 36 = 0
d2 y d2 y
= −5ex = 4x−2 (x – 4)(x − 9) = 0
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
x = ln 4
5
: = −4 x = 2: =1 x = 4, 9
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
∴ (ln 4
5
, 4 ln 4
5
− 4), max ∴ (2, 11 − 4 ln 2), min = 2 − 72x−2
dx 2
d2 y
x = 4: = − 52
dx 2
d2 y 10
x = 9: = 9
dx 2
∴ (4, 144 ln 2 − 88), max
(9, 144 ln 3 − 153), min

dy
8 = 1 + kex
dx
d2 y
= kex
dx 2
d2 y dy
∴ (1 − x) +x − y = (1 − x)kex + x(1 + kex) − (x + kex)
dx 2 dx
= kex − kxex + x + kxex − x − kex = 0

 Solomon Press
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C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet A page 3

9 a x = 2 ∴ y = e2 b x = 3 ∴ y = ln 3 c x = 0 ∴ y = −2
dy dy 1 dy
= ex, grad = e2 = , grad = 1
3
= 0.8 − 2ex, grad = −1.2
dx dx x dx
∴ y − e2 = e2(x − 2) ∴ y − ln 3 = 1
3
(x − 3) ∴ y = −1.2x − 2
[ y = e2(x − 1) ] [y= 1
3
x + ln 3 − 1 ]

d x=1 ∴y=4 e x = 1 ∴ y = 1 − 3e f x = 9 ∴ y = ln 9 − 3
dy 5 dy − 23 dy 1 − 12
= − 4x−2, grad = 1 = 13 x −3ex, grad = 13 −3e = − 1
2
x , grad = − 181
dx x dx dx x
∴ y−4=x−1 ∴ y − (1−3e) = ( 13 −3e)(x − 1) ∴ y − (ln 9 − 3) = − 181 (x − 9)
[y=x+3] [ y = ( 13 − 3e)x + 2
3
] [ y = ln 9 − 5
2
− 1
18
x]

10 a x=e ∴y=1 b x=0 ∴y=7 c x = 3 ∴ y = 10 + ln 3

dy 1 1 dy x dy 1 1
= , grad = = 3e , grad = 3 = , grad = 3
dx x e dx dx x
∴ grad of normal = −e ∴ grad of normal = − 13 ∴ grad of normal = −3
∴ y − 1 = −e(x − e) ∴ y=7− 1
3
x ∴ y − (10 + ln 3) = −3(x − 3)
2
[ y = e + 1 − ex ] [ y = 19 + ln 3 − 3x ]

d x = 1 ∴ y = −2 e x=1 ∴y=1 f x = 0 ∴ y = − 10
13

dy 3 dy 8 dy
= − 2, grad = 1 = 2x + , grad = 10 = 1
10
− 3
10
ex, grad = − 15
dx x dx x dx
∴ grad of normal = −1 ∴ grad of normal = − 101 ∴ grad of normal = 5
∴ y + 2 = −(x − 1) ∴ y−1= − 101 (x − 1) ∴ y = 5x − 13
10

[ y = −x − 1 ] [y= 1
10
(11 − x) ]

 Solomon Press
39
 Differentiatin e onentia an o arit f rt er
e tion o tion
C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet B

1 a x=0 ∴y= 1
10
2 a x = 1 ∴ y = 5e
dy dy 3
= 2
5
+ 1
10
ex, grad = 1
2
= 5ex − , grad = 5e − 3
dx dx x
∴ grad of normal = −2 ∴ y − 5e = (5e − 3)(x − 1)
∴ y = −2x + 101 y = (5e − 3)x + 3
20x + 10y − 1 = 0 b at Q, x = 0 ∴ y = 3
b y = 0 ∴ x = 201 R is (1, 0)
( 201 , 0) area = 1
2
× (3 + 5e) × 1
1
= 2
(5e + 3)

dy
3 a =3− 1
2
ex 4 a at P, x = 4 ∴ y = 6 ln 4 − 8
dx
dy 6 − 12
SP: 3− 1
2
ex = 0 = − 2x , grad = 1
2
dx x
x = ln 6 ∴ y − (6 ln 4 − 8) = 1
2
(x − 4)
∴ (ln 6, 3 ln 6 − 3) [y= 1
2
x − 10 + 12 ln 2 ]
d2 y
b = − 12 ex b at Q, y = 0 ∴ x = 20 − 24 ln 2
dx 2
d2 y
x = ln 6: = −3 at R, x = 0 ∴ y = 12 ln 2 − 10
dx 2
∴ max area = 1
2
× (20 − 24 ln 2) × (10 − 12 ln 2)
= (10 − 12 ln 2)2

dy 1
5 a =2− , grad = 1 6 a y
dx x
∴ y=x−1
b grad of normal = −1
∴ y = −(x − 1) [y=1−x]
at B, x = 0 ∴ y = −1 (0, k + 1)
at C, x = 0 ∴ y = 1 y=k
mid-point of (0, −1) and (0, 1)
= (0, −12+1 ) = (0, 0) O x
∴ mid-point of BC is the origin
1
c SP: 2− =0 b x = 2 ∴ y = e2 + k
x
dy
x= 1
2
= ex, grad = e2
dx
∴ y = 1 − 2 − ln 1
2
∴ y − (e2 + k) = e2(x − 2)
= −1 − ln 2−1 [ y = e2x − e2 + k ]
= ln 2 − 1 c (−1, 0) ∴ 0 = −e2 − e2 + k
k = 2e2

 Solomon Press
40
C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet B page 2

dy 2 dy
7 a = 6x − 8 a = ex, grad at P = ep
dx x dx
2
at P, 6x − = −1 tangent: y − ep = ep(x − p)
x
6x2 + x − 2 = 0 (0, 0) ∴ 0 − ep = ep(0 − p)
(3x + 2)(2x − 1) = 0 ep(p − 1) = 0
x > 0 ∴ x = 12 ep ≠ 0 ∴ p = 1
b x = 1 ∴ y = 3, grad = 4 b P (1, e), grad at P = e
1
∴ y − 3 = 4(x − 1) ∴ grad of normal = −
e
1
[ y = 4x − 1 ] ∴ y − e = − (x − 1)
e
at Q, y = 0 ∴ x = e2 + 1
∴ area = 12 × (e2 + 1) × e = 1
2
e(1 + e2)

16
9 a at P, x = 0 ∴ y = 3 10 f ′(x) = 36x3 −
x
dy 16
= −ex, grad = −1 SP: 36x3 − = 0
dx x
∴ grad of normal = 1 x4 = 4
9

∴ y=x+3 x2 = − 23 [no solutions] or 2

3

b at Q, y = 0 ∴ x = ln 4 x>0 ∴x= 2
3

grad at Q = −4 ∴ decreasing for 0 < x ≤ 2

3

∴ y = −4(x − ln 4) [ y = 8 ln 2 − 4x ] k= 2
3
or 1
3
6
c at R x + 3 = −4(x − ln 4)
5x = 4 ln 4 − 3 = 8 ln 2 − 3
x = 15 (8 ln 2 − 3)
∴ a= 8
5

d b = − 35

 Solomon Press
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 e ain r e o tion

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet C

1 a = 5(x + 3)4 b = 3(2x − 1)2 × 2 c = 7(8 − x)6 × (−1) d = 12(3x + 4)5 × 3

= 6(2x − 1)2 = −7(8 − x)6 = 36(3x + 4)5

e = 4(6 − 5x)3 × (−5) f = −(x − 2)−2 g = −12(2x + 3)−4 × 2 h = −2(7 − 3x)−3 × (−3)
= −20(6 − 5x)3 = −24(2x + 3)−4 h = 6(7 − 3x)−3

− 12 5 1
2 a = 6e3t b = 1
2
(4t − 1) ×4 c = d = 3
2
(8 − 3t) 2 × (−3)
t
− 12 1
= 2(4t − 1) = − 92 (8 − 3t) 2

3 d − 13 2
e = ×6 f = 1
2
e5t + 4 × 5 g = [6(2t − 5) ] h = × (− 14 )
6t + 1 dx 3 − 14 t
18 − 43 2
= = 5
2
e5t + 4 = −2(2t − 5) ×2 =
6t + 1 t − 12
− 43
= −4(2t − 5)

dy dy 4 dy −1
3 a = 4(3x − 1)3 × 3 b = ×2 c = 1
2
(5 − 2 x) 2 × (−2)
dx dx 1 + 2x dx
− 12
= 12(3x − 1)3 = 8(1 + 2x)−1 = −(5 − 2 x)
d2 y d2 y d2 y −3
= 36(3x − 1)2 × 3 = −8(1 + 2x)−2 × 2 = 1
2
(5 − 2 x) 2 × (−2)
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
−16 − 32
= 108(3x − 1)2 = = −(5 − 2 x)
(1 + 2 x)2

6
4 a f ′(x) = 2x − b f ′(x) = 2 − ex − 2
x
f ′(3) = 6 − 2 = 4 f ′(2) = 2 − 1 = 1

c f ′(x) = 4(2 − 5x)3 × (−5) = −20(2 − 5x)3 d f ′(x) = −4(x + 5)−2

f ′( 12 ) = −20 × ( − 18 ) = 52 f ′(−1) = −4 × 161 = − 14

− 12 1
5 a f ′(x) = 2(3x + 15) ×3=2 b f ′(x) = 2x − =5
x−2
6
=2 2x(x − 2) − 1 = 5(x − 2)
3 x + 15
3x + 15 = 3 2x2 − 9x + 9 = 0
3x + 15 = 9 (2x − 3)(x − 3) = 0
x = −2 for real f(x), x > 2 ∴ x = 3

1 d
6 a = 3(x2 − 4)2 × 2x b = 12(3x2 + 1)5 × 6x c = × 4x d = [(4 − x2)3]
3 + 2x 2 dx
4x
= 6x(x2 − 4)2 = 72x(3x2 + 1)5 = = 3(4 − x2)2 × (−2x)
3 + 2x2
= −6x(4 − x2)2
d d − 12 2
e = [( 12 x4 + 3)8] f = [(3 − x2) ] g = 7e x × 2x h = 4(1−5x+x3)3×(−5+3x2)
dx dx
− 32 2
= 8( 12 x4 + 3)7 × 2x3 = − 12 (3−x2) ×(−2x) = 14 xe x = 4(3x2 − 5)(1 − 5x + x3)3
− 32
= 16x3( 12 x4 + 3)7 = x(3 − x2)

 Solomon Press
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C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet C page 2

3 −1 − 12 2
i = ×( − 12 x 2 ) j = 7(e4x + 2)6 × 4e4x k = −(5+ 4 x )−2× 2x l = 5( − x)4 × (−2x−2 − 1)
4− x x
3 −2 2 2
= = 28e4x(e4x + 2)6 = = −5( + 1)( − x)4
2x − 8 x x (5 + 4 x ) 2 x2 x

dy dy dy
7 a = 5(2x − 3)4 × 2 b = 3(x2 − 4)2 × 2x c = 8 − 2e2x
dx dx dx
SP: 10(2x − 3)4 = 0 SP: 6x(x2 − 4)2 = 0 SP: 8 − 2e2x = 0
x = 32 x = 0 or x2 = 4 e2x = 4
∴ ( 32 , 0) x = 0, ± 2 x= 1
2
ln 4 = ln 2
∴ (−2, 0), (0, −64), (2, 0) ∴ (ln 2, 8 ln 2 − 4)
dy − 12 dy 2 dy
d = 1
2
(1 + 2 x 2 ) × 4x e = × (1 − 2x) f = 4 − (x − 3)−2
dx dx x − x2 dx
2x 2(1 − 2 x) 1
SP: =0 SP: =0 SP: 4− =0
1 + 2x 2 x − x2 ( x − 3)2
x=0 x= 1
2
(x − 3)2 = 1
4
, x − 3 = ± 12
∴ (0, 1) ∴ ( 12 , −4 ln 2) x= 5
2
, 7
2

∴ ( 52 , 8), ( 72 , 16)

8 a x=2 ∴y=1 b x=0 ∴y=2

dy 3 3 dy 1 4
= 4(3x − 7) × 3 = 12(3x − 7) = ×4=
dx dx 1 + 4x 1 + 4x
grad = −12 grad = 4
∴ y − 1 = −12(x − 2) ∴ y = 4x + 2
[ y = 25 − 12x ]

c x=1 ∴y=3 d x= 1
4
∴y= 1
2
dy dy − 12 − 12
= −9(x2 + 2)−2 × 2x = −18x(x2 + 2)−2 = 1
2
(5 x − 1) ×5= 5
2
(5 x − 1)
dx dx
grad = −2 grad = 5
∴ y − 3 = −2(x − 1) ∴ y − 12 = 5(x − 1
4
)
[ y = 5 − 2x ] [ y = 5x − 3
4
]

9 a x = −2 ∴ y = −9 b x= 1
2
∴y= 1
8
dy 2 2 dy
= e 4− x × (−2x) = −2x e 4− x = 3(1 − 2x2)2 × (−4x) = −12x(1 − 2x2)2
dx dx
grad = 4 ∴ grad of normal = − 14 grad = − 32 ∴ grad of normal = 2
3

∴ y + 9 = − 14 (x + 2) ∴ y− 1
8
= 2
3
(x − 1
2
)
[ y = − 14 x − 19
2
] [ 16x − 24y − 5 = 0 ]

c x=1 ∴y= 1
2
d x = 3 ∴ y = 6e
dy 1 1 dy x
= −(2 − ln x)−2 × (− ) = = 2e 3
dx x x(2 − ln x)2 dx
1
grad = 1
4
∴ grad of normal = −4 grad = 2e ∴ grad of normal = −
2e
1
∴ y− 1
2
= −4(x − 1) ∴ y − 6e = − (x − 3)
2e
[y= 9
2
− 4x ] [ x + 2ey − 12e2 − 3 = 0 ]

 Solomon Press
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 e ain r e f rt er e tion o tion

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet D

1 x= 1
2
∴y= 1
4
2 a 8 − e2 x = 2
dy 1 4
= 2x + × 4 = 2x + 8 − e2x = 4
dx 4x − 1 4x − 1
1
grad = 1 + 4 = 5 x= 2
ln 4 = ln 2
dy −1
∴ y− 1
4
= 5(x − 1
2
) b = 1
2
(8 − e 2 x ) 2 × (−2e2x)
dx
−e 2 x
[ y = 5x − 9
4
] =
8 − e2 x
grad = −2
∴ y − 2 = −2(x − ln 2)
2x + y = 2 + 2 ln 2
2x + y = 2 + ln 22
2x + y = 2 + ln 4

dy 1 1 dy −6
3 a =2+ × (−2) = 2 − 4 a = −3(2x + 1)−2 × 2 =
dx 4 − 2x 2− x dx (2 x + 1)2
d2 y −1
= (2 − x)−2 × (−1) = x = 1, grad = − 23 , ∴ grad of normal = 3
2
dx 2 (2 − x)2
1
b SP: 2− =0 ∴ y−1= 3
2
(x − 1)
2− x
2−x= 1
2
[y= 3
2
x− 1
2
]
3x − 1 3
x= 3
2
∴ ( 32 , 4) b at Q =
2 2x + 1
d2 y
c x= 3
2
, = −4 ∴ maximum (3x − 1)(2x + 1) = 6
dx 2
6x2 + x − 7 = 0
(6x + 7)(x − 1) = 0
x = 1 (at P) or − 76
∴ Q ( − 76 , − 94 )

5 a t = 0, N = 20 ∴ a = 20 6 a = 3(5 − 2x2)2 × (−4x)

t = 8, N = 60 ∴ 60 = 20e8k = −12x(5 − 2x2)2
k = 18 ln 3 = 0.137 (3sf) b SP: −12x(5 − 2x2)2 = 0
b N = 20e0.1373t x = 0 or x2 = 5
2

t = 12, N = 104 (3sf) x = 0, ± 12 10

dN
c = 20 × 0.1373e0.1373t = 2.747e0.1373t ∴ (− 12 10 , 0), (0, 125), ( 12 10 , 0)
dt
dN 3 1
t = 12, = 14.3 c x= 2
, y= 8
dt
∴ N increasing at 14.3 per second (3sf) grad = −18 × 1
4
= − 92
∴ y− 1
8
= − (x − 9
2
3
2
)
8y − 1 = −36x + 54
36x + 8y − 55 = 0

 Solomon Press
44
C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet D page 2

dy 3
7 a = 4 − e2x 8 a f ′(x) = −2
dx x
SP: 4 − e2x = 0 b grad of curve = 4
3
x= 1
2
ln 4 = ln 2 ∴ −2=4
x
∴ (ln 2, 4 ln 2 − 2) x= 1
2
d2 y 3
b = −2e2x c SP: −2=0
dx 2 x
d2 y
x = ln 2: = −8 ∴ maximium x= 3
2
∴ ( 32 , 3 ln 15
2
− 3)
dx 2
d x≥ 3
2

dy −1 x
9 a = 1
2
( x 2 + 3) 2 × 2x = 10 a 80°C
dx 2
x +3
at A, grad = − 12 b 20°C, as t → ∞, T → 20
∴ y − 2 = − (x + 1) 1
2
c 30 = 20 + 60e−25k
[y= 3
2
− 1
2
x] e−25k = 30 − 20
60
= 1
6
1 −1 1
b at B, grad = 2
k= 25
ln 6
= 0.0717 (3sf)
∴ grad of normal = −2 d T = 20 + 60e−0.07167t
dT
∴ y − 2 = −2(x − 1) = 60 × (−0.07167)e−0.07167t
dt
[ y = 4 − 2x ] = −4.300e−0.07167t
dT
c 3
2
− 1
2
x = 4 − 2x t = 40, = −0.245
dt
x= 5
3
∴ temp. decreasing at 0.245°C min−1 (3sf)

4 dy
11 a f ′(x) = 2x − 7 + =0 12 a = 2x + 8(x − 1)−2
x dx
8
2x2 − 7x + 4 = 0 SP: 2x + =0
( x − 1) 2
7 ± 49 − 32 7 ± 17
x= = 2x(x − 1)2 + 8 = 0
4 4
x = 0.72, 2.78 2x(x2 − 2x + 1) + 8 = 0
b x = 2 ∴ y = −10, grad = −1 2x3 − 4x2 + 2x + 8 = 0
∴ y + 10 = −(x − 2) x3 − 2x2 + x + 4 = 0
[ y = −x − 8 ] b let f(x) = x3 − 2x2 + x + 4
f(1) = 4, f(2) = 6, f(−1) = 0
∴ (x + 1) is a factor
∴ (x + 1)(x2 − 3x + 4) = 0
x = −1 or x2 − 3x + 4 = 0
b2 − 4ac = 9 − 16 = −7
b2 − 4ac < 0 ∴ no real roots
∴ exactly one SP
(−1, 5)
d2 y
c = 2 − 16(x − 1)−3
dx 2
d2 y
when x = −1, =4
dx 2
d2 y
> 0 ∴ minimum
dx 2

 Solomon Press
45
 e ro tr e o tion

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet E

1 a f(x) = x[x3 + 3x2(2) + 3x(2)2 + 23] b f ′(x) = 1 × (x + 2)3 + x × 3(x + 2)2

= x4 + 6x3 + 12x2 + 8x = (x + 2)2[(x + 2) + 3x]
f ′(x) = 4x3 + 18x2 + 24x + 8 = 2(2x + 1)(x + 2)2

2 a = 1 × ex + x × ex b = 1 × (x + 1)5 + x × 5(x + 1)4

= ex(1 + x) = (x + 1)4[(x + 1) + 5x]
= (6x + 1)(x + 1)4
1
c = 1 × ln x + x × d = 2x × (x − 1)3 + x2 × 3(x − 1)2
x
= ln x + 1 = x(x − 1)2[2(x − 1) + 3x]
= x(5x − 2)(x − 1)2
1
e = 3x2 × ln 2x + x3 × f = 2x × e−x + x2 × (−e−x)
x
= x2(3 ln 2x + 1) = xe−x(2 − x)
g = 8x3 × (5 + x)3 + 2x4 × 3(5 + x)2 h = 2x × (x − 3)4 + x2 × 4(x − 3)3
= 2x3(5 + x)2[4(5 + x) + 3x] = 2x(x − 3)3[(x − 3) + 2x]
= 2x3(20 + 7x)(5 + x)2 = 6x(x − 1)(x − 3)3

3 a = 1 × (2x − 1)3 + x × 3(2x − 1)2 × 2 b = 12x3 × e2x + 3 + 3x4 × e2x + 3 × 2

= (2x − 1)2[(2x − 1) + 6x] = 6x3e2x + 3(2 + x)
= (8x − 1)(2x − 1)2
− 12 1
c =1× x −1 + x × 1
2
( x − 1) d = 2x × ln (x + 6) + x2 ×
x+6
−1 x2
= 1
2
( x − 1) 2 [2(x − 1) + x] = 2x ln (x + 6) +
x+6
3x − 2
=
2 x −1

e = 1 × (1 − 5x)4 + x × 4(1 − 5x)3 × (−5) f = 1 × (x − 3)3 + (x + 2) × 3(x − 3)2

= (1 − 5x)3[(1 − 5x) − 20x] = (x − 3)2[(x − 3) + 3(x + 2)]
= (1 − 25x)(1 − 5x)3 = (4x + 3)(x − 3)2
1 4
1
g = 4
3
x 3 × e3x + x 3 × 3e3x h = 1 × ln (x2 − 1) + (x + 1) × × 2x
x2 − 1
1
2 x( x + 1)
= 1
3
x 3 e3x(4 + 9x) = ln (x2 − 1) +
( x + 1)( x − 1)
2x
= ln (x2 − 1) +
x −1
− 12
i = 2x × 3 x + 1 + x2 × 1
2
(3 x + 1) ×3
−1
= 1
2
x (3 x + 1) 2 [4(3x + 1) + 3x]
x(15 x + 4)
=
2 3x + 1

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C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet E page 2

4 a f ′(x) = 4 × e3x + 4x × 3e3x b f ′(x) = 2 × (x2 + 2)3 + 2x × 3(x2 + 2)2 × 2x

= 4e3x(1 + 3x) = 2(x2 + 2)2[(x2 + 2) + 6x2]
f ′(0) = 4 × 1 × 1 = 4 = 2(7x2 + 2)(x2 + 2)2
f ′(−1) = 2 × 9 × 9 = 162
1 − 12 1
c f ′(x) = 5 × ln 3x + (5x − 4) × d f ′(x) = 1
2
x ×(1 − 2x)3 + x 2 ×3(1 − 2x)2×(−2)
x
4 − 12
= 5 ln 3x + 5 − = 1
2
x (1 − 2x)2[(1 − 2x) − 12x]
x
1 −2
1
f ′( 13 ) = 0 + 5 − 12 = −7 = 2
x (1 − 14x)(1 − 2x)2
f ′( 14 ) = 1
2
× 2 × ( − 52 ) × 14 = − 85

dy dy
5 a = 1 × e2x + x × 2e2x b = 1 × (x − 4)3 + x × 3(x − 4)2
dx dx
SP: e2x(1 + 2x) = 0 = (x − 4)2[(x − 4) + 3x]
x = − 12 SP: 4(x − 1)(x − 4)2 = 0
∴ ( − 12 , − 12 e−1) x = 1, 4
∴ (1, −27), (4, 0)
dy dy − 12
c = 2x × (2x − 3)4 + x2 × 4(2x − 3)3 × 2 d =1× x + 12 + x × 1
2
( x + 12)
dx dx
−1
= 2x(2x − 3)3[(2x − 3) + 4x] = 1
2
( x + 12) 2 [2(x + 12) + x]
3( x + 8)
SP: 6x(2x − 1)(2x − 3)3 = 0 SP: =0
2 x + 12
x = 0, 1
2
, 3
2
x = −8
∴ (0, 0), ( , 4), ( , 0)
1
2
3
2
∴ (−8, −16)
dy dy
e = 2x × e−4x + x2 × (−4e−4x) f = −3 × (3 − x)3 + (1 − 3x) × 3(3 − x)2 × (−1)
dx dx
SP: 2xe−4x(1 − 2x) = 0 = −3(3 − x)2[(3 − x) + (1 − 3x)]
x = 12 SP: −12(1 − x)(3 − x)2 = 0
∴ ( 12 , 2 + 1
4
e−2) x = 1, 3
∴ (1, −16), (3, 0)

6 a x=1 ∴y=1 b x = 1 ∴ y = 3e
dy 4 3 dy
= 1 × (x − 2) + x × 4(x − 2) = 6x × ex + 3x2 × ex
dx dx
= (x − 2)3[(x − 2) + 4x] = 3xex(2 + x)
= (5x − 2)(x − 2)3 grad = 9e
grad = −3 ∴ y − 3e = 9e(x − 1)
∴ y − 1 = −3(x − 1) [ y = 3e(3x − 2) ]
[ y = 4 − 3x ]
c x= 1
2
∴y=0 d x = −2 ∴ y = 8
dy 1 dy − 12
= 4 × ln 2x + (4x − 1) × = 2x × x + 6 + x2 × 1
2
( x + 6)
dx x dx
1 −1 x(5 x + 24)
= 4 ln 2x + 4 − = 1
2
x ( x + 6) 2 [4(x + 6) + x] =
x 2 x+6
grad = 2 grad = −7
∴ y − 0 = 2(x − 1
2
) ∴ y − 8 = −7(x + 2)
[ y = 2x − 1 ] [ y = −7x − 6 ]

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C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet E page 3

7 a x=1 ∴y=1 b x=2 ∴y=0

dy 3 2 2 dy 1
= 2x × (2 − x) + x × 3(2 − x) × (−1) = 1 × ln (3x − 5) + x × ×3
dx dx 3x − 5
3x
= x(2 − x)2[2(2 − x) − 3x] = ln (3x − 5) +
3x − 5
= x(4 − 5x)(2 − x)2 grad = 6
grad = −1 ∴ grad of normal = − 16
∴ grad of normal = 1 ∴ y − 0 = − 16 (x − 2)
∴ y − 1 = 1(x − 1) x + 6y − 2 = 0
x−y=0
c x = 0 ∴ y = −1 d x = 8 ∴ y = 16
dy 3x 2 3x dy − 12
= 2x × e + (x − 1) × 3e =1× x−4 + x × 1
2
( x − 4)
dx dx
−1
= e3x[2x + 3(x2 − 1)] = 1
2
( x − 4) 2 [2(x − 4) + x]
3x − 8
= e3x(3x2 + 2x − 3) =
2 x−4
grad = −3 grad = 4
∴ grad of normal = 1
3
∴ grad of normal = − 14
∴ y+1= 1
3
(x − 0) ∴ y − 16 = − 14 (x − 8)
x − 3y − 3 = 0 x + 4y − 72 = 0

8 a x=1 ∴y=e
dy 2 2
= 1 × e x + x × e x × 2x
dx
2
= e x (1 + 2x2)
grad = 3e
∴ y − e = 3e(x − 1)
[ y = e(3x − 2) ]
b x=0 y = −2e
y=0 x = 23
∴ area = 1
2
× 2e × 2
3
= 2
3
e

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 e otient r e o tion

C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet F

1 × ( x + 2) − x × 1
1 a f(x) = x(x + 2)−1 b f ′(x) =
( x + 2)2
2
f ′(x) = 1 × (x + 2)−1 + x × [−(x + 2)−2] =
( x + 2)2
= (x + 2)−2[(x + 2) − x]
2
=
( x + 2)2

4 × (1 − 3x ) − 4 x × (−3) e x × ( x − 4) − e x × 1
2 a = b =
(1 − 3 x) 2 ( x − 4)2
4 e x ( x − 5)
= =
(1 − 3 x)2 ( x − 4) 2

1 × (2 x + 3) − ( x + 1) × 2 1
× 2 x − ln x × 2
c = d = x
(2 x + 3)2 (2 x )2
1 1 − ln x
= =
(2 x + 3)2 2x2

− 12
1 × (2 − x 2 ) − x × (−2 x) 1
x × (3x + 2) − x × 3
e = f = 2
(2 − x 2 )2 (3x + 2)2
2 + x2 (3x + 2) − 6 x 2 − 3x
= = =
(2 − x 2 )2 2 x (3x + 2)2 2 x (3x + 2)2
− 12
2e 2 x × (1 − e 2 x ) − e 2 x × (−2e 2 x ) 2 × x − 3 − (2 x + 1) × 12 ( x − 3)
g = h =
(1 − e 2 x )2 x−3
2x
2e 4( x − 3) − (2 x + 1) 2 x − 13
= = =
(1 − e 2 x )2
3 3
2( x − 3) 2
2( x − 3) 2

− 12
2 x × ( x + 4) − x 2 × 1 1
(x − 4) × 2x2 − x − 4 × 4x
3 a = b = 2
( x + 4) 2 (2 x 2 )2
x2 + 8x x − 4( x − 4) 16 − 3x
= = =
( x + 4)2 4 x3 x − 4 4 x3 x − 4

2e x × (1 − 3e x ) − (2e x + 1) × (−3e x ) −1 × ( x3 + 2) − (1 − x) × 3x 2
c = d =
(1 − 3e x ) 2 ( x3 + 2)2
5e x 2 x3 − 3 x 2 − 2
= =
(1 − 3e x ) 2 ( x 3 + 2)2
3
× (x + 2) − ln(3 x − 1) × 1 x +1
e = 3 x −1
2
f y=
( x + 2) x+3
− 12 − 12
3 ln(3 x − 1) dy 1
(x + 1) × x + 3 − x + 1 × 12 ( x + 3)
= − = 2
(3 x − 1)( x + 2) ( x + 2) 2 dx x+3
( x + 3) − ( x + 1) 1
= 1 3
= 1 3
2( x + 1) ( x + 3)
2 2
( x + 1) ( x + 3) 2
2

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C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet F page 2

dy 2 x × (3 − x ) − x 2 × (−1) dy 4e4 x × (2 x − 1) − e 4 x × 2
4 a = b =
dx (3 − x) 2 dx (2 x − 1)2
6 x − x2 2e4 x (4 x − 3)
= =
(3 − x)2 (2 x − 1)2
x(6 − x) 2e4 x (4 x − 3)
SP: =0 SP: =0
(3 − x )2 (2 x − 1)2
3
x = 0, 6 x= 4

∴ (0, 0), (6, −12) ∴ ( 34 , 2e3)

− 12
dy 1 × 2 x + 1 − ( x + 5) × 12 (2 x + 1) ×2 dy 1
× 2 x − ln 3 x × 2
c = d = x
dx 2x + 1 dx (2 x)2
(2 x + 1) − ( x + 5) x−4 1 − ln 3x
= = =
2x2
3 3
(2 x + 1) 2
(2 x + 1) 2

x−4 1 − ln 3x
SP: =0 SP: =0
2x2
3
(2 x + 1) 2

1
x=4 x= 3
e
−1
∴ (4, 3) ∴ ( 13 e, 3
2
e )
( x + 1) 2 dy 2 x × ( x + 2) − ( x 2 − 3) × 1
e y= f =
( x − 2)2 dx ( x + 2)2
dy 2( x + 1) × ( x − 2)2 − ( x + 1)2 × 2( x − 2) x2 + 4x + 3
= =
dx ( x − 2) 4 ( x + 2)2
2( x + 1)[( x − 2) − ( x + 1)] −6( x + 1) ( x + 1)( x + 3)
= = SP: =0
( x − 2)3 ( x − 2)3 ( x + 2) 2
−6( x + 1)
SP: =0 x = −3, −1
( x − 2)3
x = −1 ∴ (−3, −6), (−1, −2)
∴ (−1, 0)

5 a x=2 ∴y=4 b x=0 ∴y=2

dy 2 × (3 − x) − 2 x × (−1) dy e x × (e x + 1) − (e x + 3) × e x
= =
dx (3 − x)2 dx (e x + 1)2
6 −2e x
= =
(3 − x)2 (e x + 1)2
grad = 6 grad = − 12
∴ y − 4 = 6(x − 2) ∴ y − 2 = − 12 (x − 0)
[ y = 6x − 8 ] [y=2− 1
2
x]

c x=4 ∴y=2 d x = −1 ∴ y = 1
2
− 12
dy 1
x × (5 − x) − x × (−1) dy 3 × ( x 2 + 1) − (3x + 4) × 2 x
= 2
=
dx (5 − x) 2 dx ( x 2 + 1)2
(5 − x) + 2 x 5+ x 3 − 8 x − 3x 2
= = =
2 x (5 − x )2 2 x (5 − x )2 ( x 2 + 1)2
9
grad = 4
grad = 2
∴ y−2= 9
4
(x − 4) ∴ y− 1
2
= 2(x + 1)
[y= 9
4
x−7] [ y = 2x + 5
2
]

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C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet F page 3

6 a x=1 ∴y=0 b x = −2 ∴ y = −4
− 12
dy −1 × (3 x + 1) − (1 − x) × 3 dy 4 × 2 − x − 4 x × 12 (2 − x) × (−1)
= =
dx (3 x + 1) 2 dx 2−x
−4 4(2 − x) + 2 x 8 − 2x
= = =
(3 x + 1)2
3 3
(2 − x) 2
(2 − x ) 2
grad = − 14 grad = 3
2

∴ grad of normal = 4 ∴ grad of normal = − 23

∴ y − 0 = 4(x − 1) ∴ y + 4 = − 23 (x + 2)
4x − y − 4 = 0 2x + 3y + 16 = 0
c x=3 ∴y=0 d x=2 ∴y= 1
2
dy 2
× (3 x − 5) − ln(2 x − 5) × 3 dy 1 × ( x3 − 4) − x × 3 x 2
= 2 x −5
=
dx (3 x − 5)2 dx ( x3 − 4)2
2 3ln(2 x − 5) −4 − 2 x 3
= − =
(2 x − 5)(3 x − 5) (3 x − 5)2 ( x3 − 4)2
grad = 1
2
grad = − 54
∴ grad of normal = −2 ∴ grad of normal = 4
5

∴ y − 0 = −2(x − 3) ∴ y− 1
2
= 4
5
(x − 2)
2x + y − 6 = 0 8x − 10y − 11 = 0

− 12
dy x × ( x − 2) − (2 x − 3) × 1
7 a =
dx ( x − 2) 2
( x − 2) − x (2 x − 3)
=
x ( x − 2)2
−( x − 3 x + 2)
=
x ( x − 2)2
dy
at A and B, =0 ∴x− 3 x +2=0
dx

b ( x − 1)( x − 2) = 0
x = 1, 2
x = 1, 4
∴ A (1, 1), B (4, 1
2
)

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 e ro t r e an t e otient r e f rt er
e tion o tion
C3 DIFFERENTIATION Answers - Worksheet G

dy dy 1 × (2 x + 3) − x × 2 3
1 a = 2x×(2 − x)3 + x2×3(2 − x)2×(−1) 2 a = =
dx dx (2 x + 3) 2 (2 x + 3)2
= x(2 − x)2(4 − 5x) grad = 3
grad = −1 ∴ y + 1 = 3(x + 1) [ y = 3x + 2 ]
∴ y − 1 = −(x − 1) [ y = 2 − x ] b at (0, 0), grad = 13
b grad of normal = 1 ∴ grad of normal = −3
∴ y−1=x−1 ∴ y = −3x
y=x c 3x + 2 = −3x
when x = 0, y = 0 ∴ passes through origin x = − 13 ∴ ( − 13 , 1)

dy −1
3 a P (−3, 0), Q (1, 0) 4 a = 1 × 4 x + 1 + x × 12 (4 x + 1) 2 × 4
dx
dy −1 6x + 1
b = 1 × (x − 1)3 + (x + 3) × 3(x − 1)2 = (4 x + 1) 2 [(4x + 1) + 2x] =
dx 4x + 1
6x + 1
= (x − 1)2[(x − 1) + 3(x + 3)] b − 5x 4x + 1 = 0
4x + 1
= 4(x + 2)(x − 1)2 6x + 1 = 5x(4x + 1)
SP: 4(x + 2)(x − 1)2 = 0 20x2 − x − 1 = 0
x = 1 (at Q) or −2 (5x + 1)(4x − 1) = 0
∴ R (−2, −27) x = − 15 , 14

1 3
5 a at A, y = 0 ∴ x = 1 6 a f ′(x) = 3
2
x 2 × (x − 3)3 + x 2 × 3(x − 3)2
dy 2 × ( x 2 + 3) − 2( x − 1) × 2 x 1
= = 3
2
x 2 (x − 3)2[(x − 3) + 2x]
dx ( x 2 + 3)2
6 + 4 x − 2x2 1
= = 3
2
x 2 (3x − 3)(x − 3)2
( x 2 + 3) 2
1
∴ grad = 1
2
∴ grad of normal = −2 = 9
2
x 2 (x − 1)(x − 3)2 [k = 9
2
]
1
∴ y − 0 = −2(x − 1) b SP: 9
2
x (x − 1)(x − 3)2 = 0
2

y = 2 − 2x x > 0 ∴ x = 1, 3
6 + 4 x − 2x2
b SP: =0 ∴ (1, −8), (3, 0)
( x 2 + 3) 2
2(1 + x)(3 − x) = 0
x = −1, 3
∴ (−1, −1), (3, 13 )

−1 3 x + 12
7 a f ′(x) = 1 × 2 x + 12 + x × 1
2
(2 x + 12) 2 × 2 b SP: =0
2 x + 12
−1
= (2 x + 12) 2 [(2x + 12) + x] x = −4
3 x + 12
= ∴ (−4, −8)
2 x + 12
− 12
3 × 2 x + 12 − (3 x + 12) × 12 (2 x + 12) ×2
f ′′(x) = f ′′(−4) = 3
2
2 x + 12
3(2 x + 12) − (3 x + 12) 3 x + 24
= 3
= 3
f ′′(−4) > 0 ∴ minimum
(2 x + 12) 2
(2 x + 12) 2
3( x + 8)
= 3
(2 x + 12) 2

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