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Notes-Unit-1-Introduciton To Artificial Intelligence

The document provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI), its types, benefits, limitations, and applications, including Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning. It discusses the challenges posed by Generative AI and differentiates between various AI-related concepts such as Narrow AI, General AI, and the distinctions between AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. Additionally, it covers data science, data types, and the principles of supervised and unsupervised learning.

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19 views4 pages

Notes-Unit-1-Introduciton To Artificial Intelligence

The document provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI), its types, benefits, limitations, and applications, including Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning. It discusses the challenges posed by Generative AI and differentiates between various AI-related concepts such as Narrow AI, General AI, and the distinctions between AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. Additionally, it covers data science, data types, and the principles of supervised and unsupervised learning.

Uploaded by

abigailkarki16
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade 11- AI- Notes

Unit-1- Introduction to Artificial Intelligence For Everyone


Answer the Following:
1. What is Artificial Intelligence? Who is the father of AI?
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the branch of computer science focused on creating systems
capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include learning from
experience, reasoning, recognizing patterns, understanding natural language, and making decisions.
John McCarthy holds the title of "Father of Artificial Intelligence" due to his pioneering work in the
field.
2. Explain the different types of AI
Ans:
Narrow AI: (Weak AI)-2010-2015
 Performs single task or a specific set of tasks.
 Excels at well-defined problems with clear rules and limitations.
 Examples: Facial recognition, spam filter, chess playing computer, Recommendation software on e-
commerce
Board AI – Todays age
 Acts as a midpoint between Narrow and general AI.
 More versatile than Narrow AI
 It’s often used in business to integrate AI into specific process, requiring domain-specific
knowledge and data.
 Example: prepare reports automatically, finance, healthcare.

General AI (Strong AI)-2050-beyond


 Its aim is to achieve human-level intelligence and perform any intellectual task a human can.
 General AI can able to learn, adapt, and solve problems across various domains like human.
 But still hypothetical and there is no scientific consensus on how to achieve it.
 However, research on machine learning and neural network helps to achieve future requirement.

3. Give few challenges posed by Generative AI?


Ans: Challenges of Generative AI:
 Bias: Generative AI models can inherit biases from the data that are trained on.
 Deepfakes and Misinformation: Malicious use of generative AI can create realistic-looking fake
videos or text to spread misinformation.
 Control and Ownership: Questions arise around who owns the creative rights to content
generated by AI.
4. List few domains of AI.
Ans: Natural Language Processing (NLP): A field of AI focused on enabling computers to understand,
interpret, and generate human language.
Computer Vision (CV): A field of AI concerned with enabling computers to extract meaning from
visual information like image and videos.
Data Science: A field that combines statistics, programming, and domain knowledge to extract insights
from data. Data science is often used to prepare data for AI model.
5. List few benefits of Artificial Intelligence.

Benefit Description/Example
Automation Reduces manual effort in repetitive tasks (e.g., robots in factories)
Accuracy & Precision Minimizes human error, especially in healthcare and engineering
24/7 Availability AI systems work continuously without fatigue (e.g., virtual assistants)
Processes large data quickly and makes smart decisions (e.g., fraud
Data Analysis
detection)
Personalization Tailors recommendations based on user behavior (e.g., Netflix, Amazon)
Faster Decision-Making Speeds up processes in critical areas like finance and logistics
Supports Human
Assists in surgeries, education, and research by enhancing human efforts
Capabilities

6. Limitations of Artificial Intelligence.

Limitation Description/Example
Lack of Common Sense AI can’t reason like humans or understand context deeply
High Cost Developing and maintaining AI systems is expensive
Job Displacement Automation can reduce the need for human workers in some sectors
Bias in Data AI may produce unfair results if trained on biased data
No Emotions or Empathy AI cannot truly understand human feelings
Security Risks Can be misused for deepfakes, hacking, or misinformation
Dependency Over-reliance on AI can reduce human thinking and creativity

7. What is Data Science?


Ans: Data Science is a multidisciplinary field that uses mathematics, statistics, computer science, and
domain knowledge to extract meaningful insights and knowledge from structured and unstructured data.
8. Define data and its types?
Ans: Data is unprocessed information that can be numbers, text, images, audio, or video used to
generate meaningful results when analyzed.
1. Structured Data
o Well-organized, easily stored in tables or databases.
o 📌 Example: Student marks in an Excel sheet.
2. Unstructured Data
o No predefined format, difficult to organize.
o 📌 Example: Photos, videos, social media posts.
3. Semi-Structured Data
o Not in a fixed format but has some tags or markers.
o 📌 Example: Emails, JSON, XML files.

9. Define Natural Language processing with an example.

Ans: It refers to the field of computer science and AI that focuses on teaching machines to understand and
process languages in both written and spoken form, just like humans do.
Example:
When you ask Google Assistant or Siri:
“What’s the weather today?”
NLP helps the system understand your question, process it, and give you a spoken or written answer like:
“It’s sunny and 30°C today.”

10. Differentiate between NLP, NLU and NLG?


Ans:
NLP (Natural NLU (Natural Language NLG (Natural
Language Processing) Understanding) Language Generation)
Meaning Overall process of Understanding the Generating human-like
handling human meaning of human language from data
language language
Function Includes both Focuses on what a person Focuses on how a
understanding and said (or meant) system responds in
generating language human language
Main Task Reading, analyzing, Interpreting intent, Producing text or speech
translating, and sentiment, and meaning in natural language
responding
Example tool Ex: Google Assistant, Ex: Sentiment analysis, Ex: Auto-generated
Siri chatbot understanding emails, weather reports
A chatbot reads your The chatbot understands The chatbot replies:
question you want to book a ticket “Your ticket is booked.”

11. Explain about computer vision and areas where CV is used.


Ans: Computer vision is a field of computer science that works on enabling computers to see, identify
and process images in the same way that human vision does, and then provides appropriate output.

Image Classification – Identifying what’s in a picture


👉 Example: “This is a cat.”

Object Detection – Finding and labeling multiple objects in an image


👉 Example: Detecting cars and pedestrians in self-driving cars.
Facial Recognition – Identifying or verifying a person using their face
👉 Example: Face unlock on smartphones.

12. Define Machine learning. Also give 2 applications of Machine Learning in our daily lives.
Ans: Machine learning is a subset of Artificial intelligence that enables machine to improve at tasks with
experience (data). The goal of machine learning is to enable machines to learn by themselves using the
provided data and make accurate prediction/decisions.
Machine learning is used in Snapchat filters, NetFlix recommendation system.
13. Differentiate between Artificial intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning.
Ans:
Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning
The goal of AI is to enable The goal of ML is to The goal of deep learning
the machine to think enable the machine to learn is to solve complex
without any human from past experiences. problems as the human
intervention. brain does using various
algorithms.
It requires a huge amount It can work with less data It requires a huge amount
of data to work. compared to deep learning of data compared to ML.
and AI.

14. Difference between supervised and unsupervised learning. Also, name one algorithm and one
application of each learning.
Ans:
Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning
Supervised Learning algorithm are trained Unsupervised Learning Algorithm are trained
using labelled data. using unlabeled data.
Input data is provided to the model along with Only input data is provided to the model.
the output.
Algorithm – Regression Algorithm - Clustering
Application – Fraud detection Application- customer segmentation

15. The goal of reinforcement machine learning is to maximize rewards. Explain the statement.
Ans: In reinforcement learning, the AI model faces a game like situation. The machine uses trial and error
to come up with a solution to the problem. The machine gets either rewards or penalties for the actions it
performs.
It’s up to the model to figure out how to perform the task to maximize the reward, starting from totally
random trials and finishing with sophisticated tactics and human like skills.

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