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Introduction to Databases - Lesson 1 Document

The document provides an introduction to databases, explaining their purpose as collections of related information and detailing the differences between manual and electronic databases. It discusses various types of database management systems (DBMS) and models, including hierarchical, network, relational, object-relational, and object-oriented databases. Additionally, it covers key concepts such as fields, records, and tables, emphasizing the importance of organization and data relationships in database management.

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4 views

Introduction to Databases - Lesson 1 Document

The document provides an introduction to databases, explaining their purpose as collections of related information and detailing the differences between manual and electronic databases. It discusses various types of database management systems (DBMS) and models, including hierarchical, network, relational, object-relational, and object-oriented databases. Additionally, it covers key concepts such as fields, records, and tables, emphasizing the importance of organization and data relationships in database management.

Uploaded by

wba59179
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Using Databases

INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES
LUCY GOUDIE

REFERENCE: Form 4, Unit 2. Pages 23-38.


Junior Secondary Computer Studies, Andrew Nasalangwa.
Demonstrate an understanding of
databases and their applications
Success Criteria:
- Identify different types of databases
- Explain the use and features of DBMS
KEY WORDS:
DATABASE, TABLES, FIELD, RECORD, QUERY,
Introduction to databases
What is a database?

A database is simply a collection of related information. It is used to stored


and manage data.

When we use the term ‘Data’ this can mean almost any stored information
e.g.:
- Car registration numbers
- Exam Scores
- Student information; Name, address, age, etc.
- Patient information as a hospital
Introduction to Databases
While there are a lot of different applications to create databases we
are going to use Microsoft Access (often just called Access) to create
working examples of databases.

Microsoft office has a number of different version, your student book


refers Microsoft Access 2013. While the software you may be using is
Microsoft Access 2007. All versions are very similar so this shouldn’t
cause an issue.
Types of databases
Manual databases and Electronic databases.

A manual database is a filing system. It is a way of keeping physical


hardcopies of data and storing them.
An example of this might be a school achievements folder. Where you
school may file all records of achievements for each students in
separate folders. They might be ordered by name; or age; or
achievements type.

An electronic database is a database on an electronic device such as


mobile phones, a computer, a tablet. You file electronic documents in
folders and order them as you see most appropriate.
Types of databases
Draw these tables out and fill out as many advantages and disadvantages for
each type of database.

Manual database Electronic database

Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages


Types of databases
Manual database

Advantages Disadvantages

Well done if you even thought of Redundancy – unnecessary


any!! duplication of data
No Flexibility – Difficult to search
records
No Integrity – Poor storage may
lead to unreliable and mismatched
data
Difficult to share data as there is
only one copy.
Types of databases
Electronic database

Advantages Disadvantages

You can easily back up data If restoring from back-ups it may


take a while to restore – but you
wont have ‘lost’ data.
Data is very easily shared

Data is easy to sort and filter


Database management
systems
To create and manipulate databases we use Database Management
Systems (DBMS).
A DBMS will give the tools to be able to easily create, store, manipulate
and search databases. There are number of different DBMS such as:
- Microsoft Access
- Open Office Database
- Microsoft SQL Server
- Oracles MySQL server
Database management
systems
Most DBMS software simply enables you to create and manipulate
databases using a number of in-built features.
Some of most used features are Tables, Forms, Queries and Report.
Over the next few lessons we will be learning more about all of the
above when creating our own databases.
Database models
A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data are
organized into a tree-like structure. The data are stored as records
which are connected to one another through links. A record is a
collection of fields, with each field containing only one value.
Database models
A network database model is a database model that allows multiple
records to be linked to the same owner file. The model can be seen as
an upside down tree where the branches are the member information
linked to the owner, which is the bottom of the tree
Database models
A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to
data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on
the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in
tables. In a relational database, each row in the table is a record with a unique
ID called the key. The columns of the table hold attributes of the data, and each
record usually has a value for each attribute, making it easy to establish the
relationships among data points.
Database models
An object-relational database is a database management system
(DBMS) similar to a relational database, but with an object-oriented
database model: objects, classes and inheritance are directly supported
in database schemas and in the query language.
Database models
An object-oriented database is a database that subscribes to a model
with information represented by objects. Object-oriented databases are
a niche offering in the relational database management system
(RDBMS) field and are not as successful or well-known as
mainstream database engines.
Database Structures
Fields:
A Field is simply a set of
characters that can define a single
value.
The examples on the right shows a
number of different tables that
might stored in a school database.
Each column titles is a field within
that table.
Database Structures
Record and Tables:
Record is a collections of single {
data fields that represent a single
data item

A database table contains a set of


related records.
{
Database Structures
Database:
If all the tables on the right were
completed with all the data from
students in a school you would be
able to link the tables together in
a Relational database. You would
do this by creating link through
Keys so data could be pulled from
a number of different databases
at once.
Why does the ‘Grade Report’
Table not need to include the
students names?

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