MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

GROUP 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The marine ecosystem is one of the largest
and most diverse ecosystems on Earth,
covering over 70% of the planet’s surface. It
includes oceans, seas, coral reefs, and
estuaries, which support a wide variety of
marine organisms.
Marine ecosystems are aquatic
environments with high levels of dissolved
salt. These include the open ocean, the deep-
sea ocean, and coastal marine ecosystems,
each of which has different physical and
biological characteristics.
-education.nationalgeographic.org
 THE IMPORTANCE OF
MARINE ECOSYSTEM
Produces more than 50% of the world’s oxygen
Regulates climate through carbon storage
Provides food, medicine, and resources
Supports biodiversity and ecological balance
Offers recreational and economic opportunities (e.g.,
tourism, fisheries)
TWO COMPONENTS
OF MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
 TWO COMPONENTS OF
MARINE ECOSYSTEM
1 . BIOTIC COMPONENTS
This includes marine animals, plants & microorganisms
 TWO COMPONENTS OF
MARINE ECOSYSTEM

2. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
These refer to the non-living parts of the ecosystem,
such as sunlight, water temperature, salinity, ocean
currents, and nutrients.
TYPES OF MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
PLASTIC
OPEN MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
POLLUTION
Whenever you think of the marine ecosystem, the first picture
that comes to your mind is the open water surface. This open
water surface is known as the marine ecosystem; This is the upper
layer of the ocean where sun rays reach quite easily.

The open marine ecosystem extends up to 150 meters from the

ocean surface. The open marine ecosystem provides habitat to
various sea creatures such as plankton, algae, whales, jellyfish,
etc.
DEEP-SEA MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
The ecosystem deep inside the oceans at its floor is known as the
deep sea marine ecosystem. Deep-sea marine ecosystem
inhabiting various animal species in the seabed up to 1000
meters depth underwater.
Sunlight is one of the big challenges to penetrate at the seafloor;
however, the species have adapted the marine environment of
this region. A huge range of animal species is found in deep-sea
marine ecosystems such as squids, fishes, elephant seals, sperm
whales, crabs, worms, some sharks, etc.
CORAL REEF MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
Coral reefs are special type of marine ecosystem found in the
seafloor. This ecosystem is mostly found in tropical waters and is
quite a productive ecosystem found on the Earth. The coral reefs
are the skeleton made up of limestone i.e., calcium carbonate.

The coral reef ecosystem provides food and shelter to almost ¼

of marine water species. Coral reefs attract exotic color fishes like
sponges, snails, seahorses, sometimes large animals like sharks &
dolphins, etc.
SALTWATER WETLAND
MARINE ECOSYSTEM
The coastal areas of oceans and seas are known as the saltwater
wetland ecosystem. The saltwater wetland marine ecosystem is
again classified into two types – saltwater swamps and salt
marshes.
Saltwater swamps are regions dominated with trees, whereas salt
marshes are covered with grasses. Commonly found water
species of saltwater wetland ecosystem are amphibians, reptiles,
some migratory birds, shellfishes, few fishes, etc.
ESTUARY MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
The area around the river mouth where it merges with marine
water is usually termed as an estuary marine ecosystem. The
salinity in this ecosystem varies with the tides. The estuary
ecosystem does not support a variety of species.
Mostly the species of the neighbouring ecosystem are found in
the Estuary marine ecosystem. This ecosystem also plays an
essential role in nurseries for various kinds of fishes, shrimps, etc.
MANGROVE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
In some tropical and sub-tropical coastal regions, a special type
of saltwater swamp is found, which is known as mangroves.
Mangrove swamps are home for special types of trees that can
survive in the saline ecosystem.
These mangroves are characterized by a special kind of roots to
absorb oxygen to survive. The roots are extended above the water
surface. Mangrove ecosystem provides shelter to various species
such as shrimps, jellyfish, birds, sponges, crabs, fish, crocodiles,
etc.
SANDY BEACH
ECOSYSTEM
Sandy’s ecosystem is quite poor in terms of biodiversity as
compared to different marine ecosystems. The environment in
the sandy beach ecosystem varies a lot. However, the species
that are found in the sandy beach ecosystem are very much
adapted to a constantly variable environment.
The species that found a home in the sandy beach ecosystem
mostly includes sea turtle, sea lion, seal, algae, plankton,
invertebrates like snails, crabs, clams, etc. birds like plovers,
willets, gulls, terns, ruddy turnstone, curlews, etc.
KELP FOREST MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
The kelp forest ecosystem is found in comparative cooler water.
The average temperature of this ecosystem ranges from 42-72
degrees Fahrenheit with depth up to 60-90 feet.
Kelp forest ecosystem supports various animal species such as
seabirds, shorebirds, invertebrates (like crabs, sea stars, snails,
etc.), fishes, mammals (like sea lions, seals, whales, sea otter, etc.
POLAR MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
As the climate of Polar Regions is extremely cold; thus, the
temperature of this type of marine ecosystem is also too cold.
The species found in the polar marine ecosystem have adapted to
the adverse climatic conditions of this region.
The most common species found in the polar marine ecosystem
includes planktons, algae, birds like penguins, polar bears, seals,
walruses, etc.
ROCKY MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
The rock shores, rock cliffs, boulders, tide pools, etc. combine to
make rocky marine ecosystems. The biodiversity of rocky marine
ecosystem generally have species like lichens, birds, invertebrate
(lobsters, urchins, barnacles, sea stars, sea squirts, seal, etc.

The marine ecosystem is a unique ecosystem that supports

various plant and animal lives. All these species set an excellent
example of a great food chain as compared to other ecosystems.
 MARINE
POLLUTION
MARINE
POLLUTION
Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash,
most of which comes from land sources and is washed or
blown into the ocean. This pollution results in damage to the
environment, to the health of all organisms, and to economic
structures worldwide.
WATER
POLLUTION
Pollutants are dumped into the
ocean. This waste affects the
daily life of fish and other
marine creatures.
PLASTIC
POLLUTION
Plastic pollution is one of the biggest threats
to the oceans. Plastic that does not
decompose properly can harm marine life,
pollute ecosystems, and even enter the
human food chain.
OIL SPILLS
Caused by accidents
involving tankers, drilling
rigs, or pipelines.
Harmful to marine birds,
mammals, and fish, and
damages ecosystems like
coral reefs and mangroves.
CHEMICAL POLLUTION
Includes pesticides, heavy
metals, and industrial
waste.
Can lead to
bioaccumulation and
biomagnification, affecting
the entire food chain.
SEWAGE AND NUTRIENT
POLLUTION
Untreated sewage and
agricultural runoff lead to
eutrophication.
Results in algal blooms,
which deplete oxygen and
create dead zones (areas
with no marine life).
MARINE DEBRIS
Includes non-plastic trash
like glass, metals, and
rubber.
Can cause injuries and
entanglement and disrupt
habitats.
NOISE POLLUTION
Comes from ship engines,
sonar, and drilling.
Interferes with the
communication, navigation,
and mating behaviors of
marine animals like whales
and dolphins.
CONCLUSION
Marine conservation is our shared responsibility to
protect marine ecosystems which are vital for life
on earth. With small actions and collective efforts,
we can preserve the oceans for future generations.
“LET'S
“LET'SWORK
WORK
TOGETHER
TOGETHERTOTO
PROTECT
PROTECTOUR
OUR
OCEANS”
OCEANS”
THANK YOU
THANK YOU