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Uts Lesson 1

This document introduces the concept of the self, emphasizing its significance in understanding human identity through various philosophical perspectives. It outlines key philosophers and their views on the self, including Socrates, Plato, Augustine, and others, highlighting the complexity of self-understanding. The module aims to deepen personal insight into identity and the influences shaping it, culminating in specific learning outcomes related to philosophical perspectives on the self.

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13 views3 pages

Uts Lesson 1

This document introduces the concept of the self, emphasizing its significance in understanding human identity through various philosophical perspectives. It outlines key philosophers and their views on the self, including Socrates, Plato, Augustine, and others, highlighting the complexity of self-understanding. The module aims to deepen personal insight into identity and the influences shaping it, culminating in specific learning outcomes related to philosophical perspectives on the self.

Uploaded by

Juana Bacillus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1

Introduction
The Self is one of the most interesting topics that people talk about
every day. Socrates’
philosophy, “know thyself” clearly underscores the primary concern for
understanding the nature of the self throughout history, thus the
philosophical questions “who am I?” and “what am I?”. However,
understanding the nature of the self is not simple, it takes time and
effort. But in trying to understand the nature of self, you will discover
that self-understanding is most definitely one of the essences of what it
means to be a human being. (Go-Monilla, 2018)
The purpose of this module is to deepen your understanding and
appreciation of who you are as a person. It explores key concepts,
issues and concerns regarding the self and identity. It strives to meet
this goal by looking at a variety of explanations from different
disciplinal perspectives such as philosophy, sociology, anthropology,
and psychology as well as from Eastern and Western concepts of self.
The self sometimes referred to as the soul, ego, psyche, identity, I, me,
am, or being. The self is the sense of who you are. (ibid, p.1)
You will explore how you see yourself through the lenses of personal
identity, your skills and talents, roles, values, personal core, and how
you meet your psychological needs. You will also examine how you
respond to the pressures of changes and transitions in your life. You will
have an opportunity to evaluate how your personal identity has been
shaped by a variety of people and experiences. You will also have
opportunities to think about and discuss your values, interests, hopes
for the future, as well as, your strengths and challenges. (Erie’s Public
Schools, 2020)
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
a. describe which philosophical perspective you can most relate to.
b. examine the different influences, factors and forces that shape the
self
c. analyze the development of one’s self and identity through
philosophical perspectives of the
self.

Lesson 1: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF


Philosophy focuses on the fundamental nature of the Self. In fact, the
self has preoccupied the earliest thinkers in the history of philosophy,
particularly the Greeks who seriously questioned myths and moved
away from them in attempting to understand reality and respond to
perennial questions of curiosity, including the question of self
(Gutierrez-Ang, 2018).
The Iconic Philosophers and their Perspectives of the Self:
Philosopher Focus Views on the Self
Socrates Know thy self -1st philosopher who ever engaged in a systematic
questioning about the self

-He assert that “ the true task of the philosopher id to know


ONESELF”

-He posits that “the true task of the unexamined life is


NOT worth living”

-He notes that every man/woman is composed of body and


soul

-He explained that all individuals have an imperfect,


impermanent aspect, the body, while maintaining that there
is also a soul that is perfect and permanent.
Plato Ideal self -He argues that man/woman is dual nature and soul which
has 3 components: 1. The rational soul

2. The spirited soul

3. The appetitive soul

-In his magnum après, The Republic, Plato emphasizes that


“justice in the human person can only be attained if the
three parts of the soul are working harmoniously with one
another”
Augustine Christianity perspective -Augustine agreed that man is of a bifurca ted/ dual nature.
An aspect of man dwells in the world and is imperfect
and continuously years to be with the Divine and the
other is capable of reaching immortality.

- The body is bound to die on earth and the soul is to


anticipate living eternally in communion with God.
Thomas The soul is what makes us -Aquinas said that indeed, man is composed
Aquinas humans
of two parts: matter and form.

>Matter/ hyle refers to the common stuff that makes


up everything in the universe.

>Forms/ morphe refers to the essence of the substance


of things. It is what makes it what it is

-The body of human is similar animals/objects, but what


makes a human is his essence
Rene Descartes I think therefore I am -Self is a combination of two distinct entities:
>COGITO: the thing that thinks, which is the mind

>EXTENZA: the body

-It’s the mind that makes a man

-“if something is so clear and lucid as not to be doubted,


that’s the only time one should believe”
tDavid Hume Empiricism - “one can know only through the senses and experiences”

- Hume posits that self is nothing else but a bundle of


impressions.

>Impression: the basic objects of our experience or


sensation; the core of our thoughts

> Ideas: copies of our impressions

-Self is a collection of different perceptions which rapidly


succeed each other
Immanuel Kant Respect for self - To Kant, there is necessarily a mind that organizes the
impressions that men get from the external world. Time
and Space are ideas that one cannot find in the world but
built-in our human mind. Kant calls these the apparatuses
of the mind.

- the self is not just what gives one his personality. It is


also the seat of knowledge acquisition for all human
persons.
Gilbert Ryle Self comes from behavior - For Ryle, what truly matters is the behavior that a person
manifests in his day-today life.

-Mind does not exist

- Ryle says that self is not an entity one can locate and
analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to
refer to all the behaviors that people make.
Merleau-Ponty Phenomenology -One’s body is his opening toward his existence to the
world

-mind and body are inseparable

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