Spring 2024-25

MIC 102: ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

I. The compression ratio of an air-standard Otto cycle is 9.5. Prior to the isentropic compression
process, the air is at 100 kPa, 35oC, and 600 cm3. The temperature at the end of the isentropic
expansion process is 800 K. Using specific heat values at room temperature, determine (a)
the highest temperature and pressure in the cycle; (b) the amount of heat transferred in, in
kJ; (c) the thermal efficiency; and (d) the mean effective pressure. [(a)1969 K, 6072 kPa, (b)
0.59 kJ, (c) 59.4%, (d) 652 kPa]

II. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7. At the beginning of the compression process,
P1 = 90 kPa, T1 = 27oC, and V1 = 0.004 m3. The maximum cycle temperature is 1127oC. For
each repetition of the cycle, calculate the heat rejection and the net work production. Also
calculate the thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure for this cycle. Use constant
specific heats at room temperature. [1.03 kJ, 1.21 kJ, 54.1%, 354 kPa]

III. An ideal Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 20 and uses air as the working fluid. The state
of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20oC. If the maximum
temperature in the cycle is not to exceed 2200 K, determine (a) the thermal efficiency (b)
mean effective pressure. Assume specific heats for air at room-temperature.[63.5%, 933 kPa]

IV. Two engines are to operate on Otto and Diesel cycles with the following data: Maximum
temperature 1400 K, exhaust temperature 700 K, air flow rate 1 kg/min. State of air at the
beginning of compression 0.1 MPa, 300K. Estimate the compression ratios, the maximum
pressures, efficiencies, and rate of work outputs [Otto- 5.656, 2.64 MPa, 2872 kJ/kg, 50%;
Diesel-7.456, 1.665 MPa, 446.45 kJ/kg, 60.8% ]

V. In air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 16, and at the beginning of isentropic
compression, the temperature is 15oC and the pressure is 0.1 MPa. Heat is added until the
temperature at the end of the constant pressure process is 1480 oC. Calculate (a) the cut off
ratio, (b) the heat supplied per kg of air, (c) the cycle efficiency, and (d) the mean effective
pressure.[2.01, 343.2 kJ/kg, 61.2%, 698.45 kPa]

VI. A simple ideal Rankine cycle with water as the working fluid operates between the pressure
limits of 15 MPa in the boiler and 100 kPa in the condenser. Saturated steam enters the
turbine. Determine the work produced by the turbine, the heat transferred in the boiler, and
thermal efficiency of the cycle. [699 kJ/kg, 2178 kJ/kg, 31.4%]
VII. Consider a coal-fired steam power plant that produces 300 MW of electric power. The power
plant operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle with turbine inlet conditions of 5 MPa and
450oC and a condenser pressure of 25 kPa. The coal has a heating value (energy released
when the fuel is burned) of 29,300 kJ/kg. Assuming that 75 percent of this energy is
transferred to the steam in the boiler and that the electric generator has an efficiency of 96
percent, determine (a) the overall plant efficiency (the ratio of net electric power output to
the energy input as fuel) and (b) the required rate of coal supply. [24.5%, 150 t/h]

VIII. Consider a steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle and has a net
power output of 45 MW. Steam enters the turbine at 7 MPa and 500'C and is cooled in the
condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa by running cooling water from a lake through the tubes of
the condenser at a rate of 2000 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram and determine (a) the
thermal efficiency of the cycle, (b) the mass flow rate of the steam, and (c) the temperature
rise of the cooling water. [38.9%, 36 kg/s, 8.4oC]

IX. Repeat the problem VIII assuming an isentropic efficiency of 87% for both the turbine and the
pump. [33.8%, 41.4 kg/s, 10.5oC]

X. A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on an ideal vapor-
compression cycle between 0.14 and 0.8 MPa. The mass flow rate of refrigerant is 0.06 kg/s.
Determine (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to
compressor, (b) the power input to compressor (c) the rate of heat rejection to the
environment and (d) the coefficient of performance. [8.56kW, 2.16 kW, (b) 10.72 kW, (c)
3.963]

XI. A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on an ideal vapor-
compression cycle between 0.12 and 0.7 MPa. The mass flow rate of refrigerant is 0.05 kg/s.
Show the cycle on a T-s diagram. Determine (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated
space and the power input to compressor, (b) the rate of heat rejection to the environment
and (c) the coefficient of performance. [(a)7.41 kW, 1.83 kW, (b) 9.23 kW, (c) 4.06]

XII. Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator at 140 kPa and -10oC at a rate of 0.3
m3/min and leaves at 1 MPs. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 78 percent. The
refrigerant enters the throttling valve at 0.95 MPa and 30oC and leaves the evaporator as
saturated vapor at -18.5oC. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram and determine (a) the power
input to the compressor, (b) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space, and (c) the
pressure drop and rate of heat gain in the line between the evaporator and the compressor.
[(a)1.88 kW, (b) 4.99 kW, (c) 1.65 kPa, 0.241 kW]