CSIR - Central Road Research Institute

Application of Intelligent Transportation

Systems for achieving Road Safety
Dr S.Padma
Senior Principal Scientist
Transport Planning and Environment Division
CSIR-Central Road Research Institute
Definition

Definition of ITS

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the application of computers,

communications and sensor technology to surface transportation. If used
effectively, ITS opens the door to new ways of understanding, operating,
expanding, refining, reconfiguring and using the transportation system.)

‹#›
Necessity of ITS technology
• ITS interventions are intended to provide safer road environment, and
vehicular technologies which make mistakes of individuals lead to lesser
disastrous consequences.

• Although the origin of formal ITS dates back to the 1970s, the first ITS
world congress in Paris, in 1994,catalyzed the development and
application of ITS to improve the existing traffic control systems in many
countries around the world.

• The ITS framework aims at providing ability to automate and manage

operations through introduction of various integrated systems

‹#›
ITS TAXONOMY source: ITS_Synthesis , IIT Madras

Vehicle Level
Technologies deployed within vehicles
(including sensors), information processors
and displays that provides information to the
driver.
Infrastructure Level
Sensors on and by the side of roads collect
important traffic data. Tools of
communication provide drivers with
pertinent information to manage traffic
better. These tools include roadside
messages, GPS alerts and signals to direct
traffic flow

‹#›
ITS TAXONOMY…contd source: ITS_Synthesis , IIT Madras

Cooperative Level

Cooperative Level Communication between vehicles, and between

infrastructure and vehicles involving a synergic combination of
vehicle level and infrastructure level technologies

‹#›
M2M, V2V, V2I communication

Trilateration
In geometry, trilateration is defined as the
process of determining absolute or relative
locations of points by measurement of
distances, using the geometry of circles,
spheres or triangles

‹#›
 GOALS FOR ITS
• Improved Safety
• Reduced Congestion
• Increased and Higher Quality Mobility
• Reduced Environmental Impact
• Improved Energy Efficiency
• Improved Economic Productivity

Application of ITS to road safety

Has the potential for reducing accidents by
● Monitoring driving behavior
● Giving warnings to drivers to change their behavior
● Providing information for safe driving
● Controlling Vehicles
● Identifying the infrastructural deficiencies in event of multiple alerts at a particular
spot.

‹#›
What is an ITS User Service? – FHWA
and US DoT - Indian Context BIS
• Documents what ITS should do from the user's perspective. A broad
range of users are considered, including the traveling public as well
as many different types of system operators

• User Services formed the basis for the National ITS Architecture
development effort in the United States

• Over time, new or updated User Services have evolved and the
National ITS Architecture will be updated to support these User
Service changes
‹#›
7 Functional Areas of ITS

‹#›
ITS Information Chain :
Bombay
source Rijurekha Sen and Bhaskar Raman IIT-

‹#›
Traffic Signal control – Adaptive Traffic Control
Systems (ATCS)
Properly designed, operated traffic signals shall:
1. Maximum utilization of green times
2. Provide orderly movement of traffic
3. Increase traffic-handling capacity of intersection
4. Reduce frequency and severity of certain types of crashes.
5. Operate 24X7 and in all weather conditions
6. Provide for continuous movement of traffic at a definite
speed along a given route
7. Interrupt heavy traffic at intervals to permit other vehicles or
pedestrians to cross.
• The signals shall be controlled from CCC in event that an
override of the preconfigured timing cycles is required or for
the purpose of updating the timing cycle on basis of traffic
movement requirements.

‹#›
Pedestrian Push Button System – Pedestrian Light
Control Activation (Pelican, Puffin and Toucan)
The push button pedestrian crossing shall be
accessible to all pedestrians and it should have
the following features
1. Push Button or a Sensor to sense the touch
2. Audio message
3. Display green and red signal and timer for
pedestrians.
4. Display of amber, green and red signal along
with timer for vehicular traffic.

A pedestrian push button crossing system is a place

at a designated mid-block pedestrian crossing and
un-signalized intersections for pedestrians to
cross the road.

The stop time for vehicular traffic is fixed based on

the length of the crossing and average speed of
the pedestrian to cross the road.

‹#›
 Sporadic implementation of Pelican Signals in
Indian Cities

Installed in Ahmedabad on
Pilot Basis

Installed in Chandigarh again on

Pilot Basis

‹#›
AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC CLASSIFIER AND
COUNTER (ATCC) AT MID-BLOCK

‹#›
 Automatic Traffic Classifier and Counter
(ATCC) at Mid-Block
• To classify and count the traffic plying on the project
road at midblock an Automated Traffic Counter and
Counter can be proposed
• ATCC with high-speed traffic data collection system
recording vehicle classification without interruption
to traffic flows.
• In the standard configuration, one inductive loop and
two piezo electric sensors are installed in the
highway per lane of data collection.
• Current systems also utilize the video image
processing techniques as well as infra red technique
• ATCC must be is accompanied with user friendly
software which can collect data like speed, length,
axle spacing, headway, Number of axles, Time &
Date etc.

‹#›
EVALUATION OF AVCC UNDER INDIAN TRAFFIC
CONDITIONS
• The main objective of the study
• Evaluate the Efficacy of the AVCC under mixed traffic
conditions
Working Principle
Transmitter Receiver

Lane Detection

‹#›
FIELD INSTALLATION
Field Installation on NH-1

Data Collection at NH-8

Six Survey Locations data

was collected

AVCC
‹#›
EFFICACY

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

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FIXED VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS

• Variable Message Signs (VMS) are

traffic control devices used to provide
motorist en-route traveler information.
• They are commonly installed on full-
span overhead sign bridges, post
mounted on roadway shoulders
overhead cantilever structures.
• The information is most often
displayed in real-time and can be
controlled either from remote
centralized location or locally at the
site.
• Traveler information displayed on
VMS may be generated as a result of a
planned or unplanned event, which is
programmed or scheduled by
operations personnel through CCC.
‹#›
➢Should be legible at a distance of 300 m for expressway and 200m for other roads
➢The legibility should be designed for at least 15 seconds for NH and 20 seconds for
access controlled expressways
➢Messages should be displayed in Hindi (local language) and then English
➢The board should have facility to display minimum of 2 lines in 12-15 English
characters and can display the message in English in first line and in another
language on the second line
➢Displays should be visible for 2-4 seconds
➢For 120 kmph the size should be 400mm for English and 380 mm for others
➢IRC SP 85,2010

‹#›
DYNAMIC VMS – CONGESTION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN BANGALORE
Hebbal Road – Towards Basaweshwara Circle
Banglore City Indira Nagar
Hebbal Road - Towards Mysore Road West
Airport Magadi Road
RRMR Road Kundanahalli Gate
Krishnarajapuram Vakil Square
Minerva Circle J d mara
K G road Seshadiri Road
Residency Road Konankunte Cross
Victoria Road Dell
Town Hall Rajaji Nagar

‹#›
 MOBILE VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS

• Mobile Variable Message Signs to place at any place on

project corridor in case of unforeseen incidents like road
accident.
• It should have ability to work as a Variable Traffic Sign
or Speed Warning System.
• Text displays shall be capable of displaying 2 lines of
text characters. There shall be a minimum of 10
characters per line. Minimum default character height
shall be 300mm. For variable font height, FONT
generator module is to be provided wherein user can
create bmp files and later convert to image file to
preview and display on required VMS.
• The sign panel display shall be legible from a distance of
at-least 200m. Each LED to be separately encapsulated
in a round lens

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MOBILE VARIABLE MESSAGE
SIGNS

‹#›
RED LIGHT VIOLATION DETECTION
(RLVD) SYSTEM

‹#›
RED LIGHT VIOLATION DETECTION SYSTEM

‹#›
 SPEED VIOLATION DETECTIONS SYSTEM
MANUAL FOR SPEED VIOLATIOM DETECTION SYSTEM(SVDS)

• It is a system detecting the speed

violations over the speed limit
determined by speed gun through Radar.
• This system should determine the real
time speed values of the vehicles
passing through the entry and exit points
determined Speed gun and placed over
the road.
• In case of a speed violation, the images
of the vehicle violating the speed limit
are taken by the camera for levying fine
on the violating vehicle

‹#›
SPEED VIOLATION DETECTIONS SYSTEM

‹#›
SECTION CONTROL SPEED VIOLATION DETECTIONS
SYSTEM

‹#›
IN – VEHICLE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS):
Defined as systems that contribute to road safety by preventing collisions, or by mitigating
the severity of collisions and by assisting in the post-crash phase
They support the driver by preventing unintentional lane departure, by maintaining
appropriate headway or speed, by braking in case the driver does not do so swiftly enough or
warning in the case of driver fatigue.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): have made cars safer, but the effect of the
various systems differs greatly.

INTERNATIONAL
CENTRE FOR
AUTOMOTIVE
TECHNOLOGY

Passive Safety Lab

‹#›
In – vehicle Intelligent transport systems ..Contd

Autonomously intervening systems include

Electronic Stability Control (ESC). For each car
wheel, the system measures whether the vehicle is
going in the direction the driver is steering to. In
case of deviation, the car may start skidding. By
applying the brakes to individual wheels, this is
prevented. This may happen, for example, when
skidding during emergency evasive swerves, under
steer or over steer during poorly judged turns on
slippery roads, or hydroplaning.

ESC has a profound effect on single-vehicle crashes

and a significant effect on multiple-vehicle crashes.
For Netherlands ESC would result in a 30% reduction
in single-vehicle crashes and a 17% reduction in fatal
multiple-vehicle crashes. Since 2014, ESC has been
mandatory for new cars in Europe.

‹#›
IN – VEHICLE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS ..CONTD
A combination of Forward Collision Warning (FCW; warns drivers when they do not maintain
enough headway to the vehicle in front) and Autonomous Emergency Brake (AEB; automatic
braking when the driver fails to respond to the FCW signal swiftly enough) results in a 40%
reduction of injury crashes in the case of rear-end collisions, whereas solitary FCW did not have
an effect on (rear-end) injury crashes.

Systems that prevent unsafe traffic participation

• AlcolockTM
• Seatbelt Lock

‹#›
IN – VEHICLE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS ..CONTD
In – vehicle Event Data Recorder
Most cars are also equipped with an OBD (On
Board Diagnostics) interface which allows all
kinds of information to be read by anyone.
Effect : both positive consequences (fuel
efficiency, increased safety) and negative ones
(lower/no bonus, dismissal).

For example: in Netherlands 2005, for lorry drivers a 20% crash reduction was
found, while for young drivers there were no consequences and therefore no effects.

There are also data recorders that only record data immediately prior to, during and
after a crash (EDR, Event Data Recorders). Those data are initially particularly
important to know what went wrong and what measures could be taken to prevent
this kind of crash or to mitigate the consequences.

32
‹#›
WHICH ITS ARE PRIMARILY AIMED AT
ROAD SAFETY?
• Systems that
reduce injury
severity
• Pre-crash
sensing system
• eCall

Ford’s Ecosports- The system is a vehicle based, no-cost, non-subscription

call-for-help system that delivers a voice message directly to the emergency
operator, indicating that a vehicle has been involved in an accident in which
the airbags have been deployed, or fuel pump shuts-off opening up the line
for hands-free communication.

‹#›
 AUTOMOTIVE ROAD SAFETY IN
VEHICLE EMERGENCY CALL
SYSTEM.
The system uses the driver’s own mobile phone via Bluetooth and activates the
moment the driver enters the car. In the event of an accident, the system uses its
hands-free phone capabilities to connect the driver directly with India’s emergency
service number 102. Before initiating the emergency call, the system will provide a
10 second window to allow the driver or passenger to decide whether to cancel the
call. If not cancelled within 10 seconds, system continues with the emergency call.

‹#›
PRE-
CRASH
SENSING
SYSTEM

35
‹#›
PHASES OF ITS
IMPLEMENTATION-
IRC SP -110 Application of Intelligent Transport System for Urban Roads

‹#›
‹#›
‹#›
‹#›
 GOVERNMENT
GUIDELINES
National Urban Transport helpline framework- Smart Card payments
MoUD
Common Mobility Card
Integrated with Metro
Feeder Buses And
Parking

Smart City Checklist for Transportation ITS

‹#›
Examples of ITS Applications in
India

41
‹#›
Source: Screenshot of the launch event of iRASTE

‹#›
Dash Board

‹#›
 Figure showing sample of the extracted alerts in
categories of varying speeds corresponding to the
counts of FIR data with each 500 segment

Figure showing 500 m Segments of road

network and the FIR records

As can be inferred there is not much of a linear

correlation between the alerts and the incidents as
recorded in FIR. And many of the alerts are
showing negative correlation in control period . Of-
course the data further needs to be normalized in
terms of traffic volume, land use pattern adjacent,
number of median openings, number of junctions as
well as the volume of pedestrians to name a few

‹#›
DELHI PUBLIC TRANSPORT –
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION SYSTEM

‹#›
 INDIA URBAN DATA EXCHANGE (IUDX)
Open source data sharing and exchange platform

Data Type:
Environmental Information – environmental sensor location with information on air quality and
rainfall details
Smart sensor locations – Information on smart city utility location systems –wifi systems, public
address systems
Road information – mapping information , urban planning, road infrastructure development,
alternate route planner and safety index
E-bike sharing information- bike sharing stations, availability of station wise bikes availability
for hire on real time basis.
Bus transit – transit information like routes, trips, stops, real time bus location, ETA, bus
occupancy and fare collection
Metro Rail – information about stations, routes, trips, lines etc
https://catalogue.iudx.org.in/datasets

‹#›
 Video Based Traffic Data Collection

Principle of virtual loops.

• The vehicles falling under the configured area of
the image gets detected.

‹#›
Creating or Loading the Configuration
Vehicle Count using Video System
The detection of vehicle gets
highlighted by the change in
color of the virtual loop
 A Glimpse of the Incidents detected using
Video Based System on NH-2: Detection of Congested
Condition due to Slow Down
 Detection of
Stopped Vehicles
Under Congested
Flow

Fluid
A Glimpse of the Incidents detected using Video Based
Flow
System on NH-2: Detection of Stopped Vehicles
 VIDS
(Contd..)
Principle of Virtual Loops
• The vehicles falling under the
configured area of the image
gets detected.
Major Inference
Typical Display of
• The system performed up to a level of
Variable Message
85 % accuracy for incident detection
Signs (VMS)
for the observed heterogeneous
traffic mix on NH-2.

The detection of vehicle gets

highlighted by the change in
color of the virtual loop.
Incident
Detection

53
53
‹#›
Summary of Results

Type of Camera and Lane Average Percentage Regression

Details Error Value

Camera 1 (Lanes 1,2,3) 13.281 0.843

Camera1 (Lanes 4,5,6) 12.892 0.761

Camera 2 (Lanes 1,2,3) 13.897 0.898

Camera 3 (Lanes 1,2,3) 12.280 0.840

Camera 3 (Lanes 4,5,6) 10.110 0.825

Camera 4 (Lanes 1,2,3) 8.920 0.960

‹#›
Salient Features of the
Palika Underground Parking
•To facilitate the shop-owners, customers and visitors to
the adjoining area of Connaught Place, NDMC has
provided parking lot, near Palika Bazaar.
•The entry to Palika Parking is from Janpath & Baba
Kharak Singh Marg.
•Parking lot opens from 8 am to 10 pm.
•On an average, 2000 - 2200 vehicles were reported to be
using this parking facility daily.
•Out of daily parkers, around 1200 are permanent /
monthly parkers.
•At present, three Parking levels, consisting of one
ground level parking and two basement levels (i.e.
Levels I and II) is provided to accommodate about 1600‹#›
 Location of Lot VMS Boards

1) In front of Palika Underground parking - (Gantry Mounted)

2) Jantar Mantar-Sansad Marg T-Point: (Shoulder Mounted)
3) Near Kasturba Gandhi - Connaught Place T-Point :in front of
DTC office - (Shoulder Mounted)
4) Janpath - Connaught Place T-Point: - (Shoulder Mounted)
5) State Entry Plaza T-point - (Shoulder Mounted)

‹#›
 GROUND LEVEL

BASEMENT LEVEL 1

BASEMENT LEVEL 2

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PARKING ‹#›

 LANE
CONFIGURATION

AFTER
INSTALLATION OF
APMS

BEFORE
INSTALLATION OF
APMS

‹#›
 Parking Charges
Duration in Hrs Parking Charges Parking Charges
For 4 W For 2 W
0- 4 hrs Rs.10 Rs 5
4-8 hrs Rs 5 /hr Rs 15
For Visitor / 8 - 14 hrs
Casual parkers Max up to. 10 PM Rs 5 /hr Rs 25
(Parking Day
End)
For Permanent / From 08.00 Am
Rs500 /Month Rs 300/Month
Monthly parkers To 10.00 PM
For Special From 08.00 Am
parkers (Palika To 10.00 PM Rs 150/Month Rs 100/Month
Bazaar Shop
Keeper)
Penalty Penalty of Rs 5/Hour is charged after 10.PM (Parking
Day End). This is till the time of Exit. Applicable to all
above parkers & vehicle categories
 Number of Vehicles Parked at Palika Parking ‘Before’
and ‘After’ the installation of APMS

95
December, 06
Number of Vehicles Parked

14.9 % Increase January, '07

(in thousands )

85

March, '07
November, '06
August, '06
September, '06 April, '07
75
October, '06
May, '06
February, '07
July, '06
June, '06
65
Month of the Year
Before APMS After APMS

‹#›
 Quantum of Transactions at Palika Parking ‘Before’
and ‘After’ the installation of APMS

12 December, 06

10
Transactions Details

September, '06 January, '07

August, '06 November, '06 March, '07
(in Rs. Lakhs )

8 October, '06
May, '06 April, '07
February, '07
July, '06
June, '06
6
21.5 % Increase

0
Month of the Year
Before APMS After APMS

‹#›
 Approach to the Study

Data Collection

Primary Data Secondary Data

Number of Vehicles Transaction Expenditure Maintenance Costs

Parked Details Costs

Evaluation of Parking Projection of Projection

Characteristics Parking Trends

Economic Visibility of APMS

BAU Projection of Trends Sensitivity Analysis

with Cost escalation

Economic Viability considering

Revenue Increase & Cost Increase
‹#›
 Projection of the
Business As Usual (BAU) (in Rs.) Net Benefits (in Rs.)
present Trends (in Rs.)
Year Capital Projection of
Maintenance Maintenance
Cost of Revenue Revenue BAU the present
Cost Cost
APMS trend
878762
2007 7 7576278 9902872 7576278 9902872 -6461033 -6461033
2008 7576278 9902872 7773335 10350210 2326594 2576875
2009 7576278 9902872 7971769 10617552 2326594 2645784
2010 7576278 9902872 8171621 10811025 2326594 2639404
2011 7576278 9902872 8372934 10963597 2326594 2590663
2012 7576278 9902872 8575752 11090018 2326594 2514266
2013 7576278 9902872 8780120 11198208 2326594 2418088
2014 7576278 9902872 8986084 11292929 2326594 2306846
2015 7576278 9902872 9193692 11377276 2326594 2183584
2016 7576278 9902872 9554150 11453375 2326594 1899225
2017 7576278 9902872 9916353 11522753 2326594 1606400
2018 7576278 9902872 10280353 11586545 2326594 1306192
2019 7576278 9902872 10646203 11645616 2326594 999413
2020 7576278 9902872 11013960 11700643 2326594 686684
‹#›
 Sensitivity Analysis

S. Resulting EIRR
Parameter Nature of variation
No (in%)
Increase in 2% 34.7 %
Number of Vehicles
1 Increase in 3% 39.7%
entering Palika parking
Increase in 5% 46.9%
Cost Increase by 5% 22.3%
Increase in Cost of
2 Maintenance due to Cost Increase by 10% 15.4 %
Inflation
Cost Increase by 15% 8%

‹#›
Mysore Intelligent Transportation System (MITRA)

Display for Driver in Bus

GPS -Passenger Information
Step-by-step System
process flow(PIS) on BRT Corridor

Step 1:
Every bus discovers and communicate with
several satellites (min 4) on a real-time basis to
Satellite
determine its own location

GPS GPS GPS

Bu Bu Bu
s s s ‹#›
GPS - Step-by-step process flow

Satellites
Step 2:

Buses uses location data to predict the on-

coming bus station and display it on PIS
internal display
Bu
s

Intelligent GPS
system

Internal display

‹#›
GPS - Step-by-step process flow

Step 3:

Every bus relays the location information to the

central server at the service center which will in
turn perform several key functions • Keep a track of
distance travelled by
each bus
• Inform passengers of
Bu bus schedules
s
• Keep track of which
bus needs to be
Bu
s
speeded up (to manage
bus frequency)**
Bu
s
‹#›
GPS - Step-by-step process flow

Step 4:

Central server communicates to the bus stop / station LED

display and pre-customized reports can be generated at the
service center.

Displays the expected

arrival of buses at bus
stations
Generates - Actual Trip
Report, Extra Trip
Report,
Missed Bus stop Report
etc
Instructions to bus driver to go
slow, speed up or maintain their
Bu
speed
s ‹#›
Typical Data Storage System in
Mysore APTS
MITRA
Next Stop Information scrolling in Mysore Buses

MITRA
Passenger Information Dissemination in Vogue at Bus
Stops and Terminals in Mysore

MITRA
Interface to explore the bus running
Information Online
MITRA
Expected Time of Arrival (ETA)
Display at Bus Stops in Mysore
APTS MITRA
Passenger Information System (PIS) on BRT Corridor
(Contd…)
Automatic Vehicle
Location

SIGNAL
PRIORITY

‹#›
Passenger Information System (PIS) on BRT Corridor
(Contd…)

...Traffic and Transit Management

‹#›
C-DAC DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGIES

‹#›
ATCS AND EMERGENCY VEHICLES
PRE-EMPTION

‹#›
 INDIAN STANDARDS ON
ITS
IRC SP -110 Application of Intelligent Transport System for Urban Roads
IRC SP – 85 Guidelines for Variable Message Signs

TED-28
Sectional
committee

‹#›
INDIAN STANDARDS ON ITS
LED Destination board system standards for Automotive tracking Device and integrated
buses - IS 16490 systems – IS 16833

‹#›
INDIAN STANDARDS ON ITS
CCTV system with integrated emergency Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
system- IS 16833

‹#›
TED 28/P6- PANEL ON ADAS

‹#›
 TO SUMMARIZE ITS CAN BE APPLIED FOR

• Smooth and comfortable driving using real-time information about traffic

and road conditions and availability of services.
• Rapid progress in safety with the development of auto drive technology
• Dramatic improvement in transportation efficiency by providing
information to commercial vehicles and introducing automatic control
• Eliminating traffic congestion reduces environmental load
• Handling emergencies and incidents
• Automating payment of road use charges
• Efficiently operating public transport by reducing delays, ticketing
convenience, security and accurate route and schedule information
• To monitor and control junction traffic through use of coordinated traffic
signals, including pelican signalled pedestrian crossings for pedestrian
safety.

‹#›
 BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
(CONTD…)
• Efficient management of emergency and/or unforeseen situations with the
help of planned traffic management.
• Provides efficient traffic rule enforcement, red light violation detection at
intersections, speed violation detectors for effective policing and safe
travel experience to road users by use of camera based technology.

BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT

SYSTEMS
• Provides safe travel experience to the road users and to minimize the risk
of accident occurrence.
• Provide safety systems for pedestrians across the corridor.
• Effective management for movement of traffic through mix of appropriate
technology intervention and command control centre by collecting,
collating and storing information through real time video surveillance
installed on the project highway using communication technology

‹#›
INFERENCES AND POSSIBLE AVENUES OF
ITS APPLICATIONS ON INDIAN ROADS

• Mid block sections on all highway should be embedded with video

cameras for continuous monitoring of traffic movement.
• Fixed and Mobile variable message sign (VMS) should be provided
at suitable intervals for timely updation of the characteristics of
traffic to the drivers on the road.

‹#›
INFERENCES AND POSSIBLE AVENUES OF
ITS APPLICATIONS ON INDIAN ROADS (CONTD...)
• Provision of red light violation system and pedestrian crossing push
button must be made to ensure safety of pedestrians crossing the road in
major intersections of metropolitan cities.
• Command control centre must be established at suitable intervals which
can integrate monitor the movements using various ITS techniques.

‹#›
INFERENCES AND POSSIBLE AVENUES OF
ITS APPLICATIONS ON INDIAN ROADS (CONTD...)

• GPS based techniques should be promoted as an integral fragment of Big data

application in determination of black spot and crash prone areas.
• Sensor based trajectory detection techniques on horizontal curve design must be
promoted for evaluation of the road design and its improvement.
• Emergency vehicles and mobile traffic study vans must be having mechanism
for reporting of co-ordinates of road crash locations with help of GPS technique.

‹#›
 DISADVANTAGES OF ITS
•Diminished attention level.
•Information overload.
•Overestimating the system.
•Risk compensation
•Effects on non-users.
INDIAN STANDARDS ON
ITS
IRC SP -110, 2017 Application of Intelligent Transport System for
Urban Roads

IRC SP – 85, 2010 Guidelines for Variable Message Signs

‹#›
 Thank you and acknowledgement to
all the websites from which the figures
have been taken

‹#›