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Unit 2

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard designed for voice and data services using digital modulation. Developed by the Group Spéciale Mobile in the 1980s, it includes various services such as telecommunication, bearer services, and supplementary services, with a complex architecture involving mobile stations, base stations, and network switching subsystems. Key components include the Mobile Switching Center for managing communication and the Authentication Center for network security.

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5 views83 pages

Unit 2

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard designed for voice and data services using digital modulation. Developed by the Group Spéciale Mobile in the 1980s, it includes various services such as telecommunication, bearer services, and supplementary services, with a complex architecture involving mobile stations, base stations, and network switching subsystems. Key components include the Mobile Switching Center for managing communication and the Authentication Center for network security.

Uploaded by

Christabel Johannah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is GSM ?

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a


second generation cellular standard
developed to cater voice services and data
delivery using digital modulation .
GSM: HISTORY
•Developed by Group Spéciale Mobile (founded 1982) which was
an initiative of CEPT ( Conference of European Post and
Telecommunication )
•Under ETSI, GSM is named as “ Global System for Mobile
communication" in 1989
•Full set of specifications phase-I became available in 1990
•Phase 2 of the GSM specifications occurs in 1995. Coverage is
extended to rural areas
GSM Working frequencies
• GSM 900:
• 890-915 MHz UPLINK

• 935-960MHz DOWNLINK

• GSM 1900:
• 1850-1910 MHz UPLINK
• 1930-1990 MHz DOWNLINK

• GSM 1800:
• 1710-1785 MHz UPLINK

• 1805-1880 MHz DOWNLINK


BEARER SERVICES
• Include various data services for information transfer
between GSM and other networks like PSTN, ISDN etc
at rates from 300 to 9600 bps
• Short Message Service (SMS)
- up to 160 character alphanumeric data
transmission to/from the mobile terminal
• Voice mail box, SMS, EMS, MMS
TELE SERVICES
•Telecommunication services that enable voice communication via
mobile phones
•Offered services
-Mobile telephony i.e high quality digital
voice communication
-Emergency calling. Eg 108 ,911,999 with
free of charge with highest priority.
-Additional Services: Group 3 fax, E mail,
SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES
Call related services :
•Call Waiting- Notification of an incoming call while on the
handset
•Call Hold- Put a caller on hold to take another call
•Call Barring or Blocking- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming
calls
• Call Forwarding- Calls can be sent to various numbers defined
by the user
•Multi Party Call Conferencing - Link multiple calls together
GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE-I
Mobile Station (MS) or Radio
SubSystem(RSS)
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Base Transceiver Station
(BTS) Base Station Controller
(BSC)
Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE MOBILE STATION
(MS)
The Mobile Station is made up of two entities:

1. Mobile Equipment (ME)


2. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
MOBILE EQUIPMENT
Portable, vehicle mounted, hand held device
Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International
Mobile
Equipment Identity)
It has (Transmitter + Receiver)
Voice and data transmission
Monitoring power and signal quality of surrounding cells
for optimum handover
Power level : 0.8W – 20 W
SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE(SIM)
Smart card contains the International Mobile
Subscriber Identity (IMSI)and IMEI I International
Mobile Equipment Identity.
•IMSI is 15 digit no.
•3 digit mobile country code, 2 digit mobile n/w code & 10
digit mobile subscriber identical code

Allows user to send and receive calls and receive


other subscribed services
Protected by a password or PIN (128 bit)
Can be moved from one cell tower to another
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE BASE STATION
SUBSYSTEM (BSS)

Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts that


communicate across the standardized Um and Abis interface
allowing operation between components made by different
suppliers

1. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)


2. Base Station Controller (BSC)
BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION (BTS):

Consists of Transceivers (TRX) units


Encodes, encrypts, multiplexes, modulates and
feeds the RF signals to the antenna.
Communicates with Mobile station and BSC
BTS can form a radio cell or, using sectorized
antennas, several MS are connected to BTS via Um
interface, and to the BSC via the Abis interface.
BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC)

Manages Radio resources such as frequencies and


timeslots for all BTS in its area.
Assigns Frequency (FDMA) and time slots (TDMA) for
all MS’s in its area
Handles call set up and call termination process
Handover for each MS between BTSs
It communicates between MSC and BTS
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
NETWORK SWITCHING
SUBSYSTEM(NSS)
❑ The system contains the following functional units

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)


Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER (MSC)

• Heart of the network


• Manages communication between GSM mobile and other
networks
• Billing information and charging for mobile
• Mobility management
-User Registration
-Call setup process
-Tracks Location Updating
-Inter BSS and inter MSC call handoff
-Different Msc
• Hmsc
• Gmsc:
• Vmsc
AUTHENTICATION CENTER (AUC)
Contains the algorithms for authentication as well as the keys
for encryption.
Protects network operators from fraud.
Situated in special protected part of the HLR.
EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR)
Stores all devices identifications registered for this network.
Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI
(International Mobile Equipment Identity)
Prevents calls from stolen, unauthorised or defective
mobile devices
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CENTRE
(OMC)

The centralized operation of the various units in the system


and functions needed to maintain the subsystems.
Dynamic monitoring and controlling of the network.
Functions :
-configuration management
-fault report and alarm handling
-performance supervision/management
-storage of system software and data

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