Computer Accessibility

Computer Accessibility refers to the user friendliness of a computer system for all,
regardless of their disability.

• Cognitive impairments and learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, attention

deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism.
• Visual impairment such as low vision, complete or partial blindness, and
colour blindness.
• Hearing impairment including deafness.
• Motor or dexterity impairment such as paralysis, cerebral palsy, or carpal
tunnel syndrome and repetitive strain injury.
• Accessibility Options in Control Panel are used to customize the way your
keyboard, display, or mouse function. Many of these features are useful for
people with disabilities as discussed earlier.

Launching accessibility options

• Click Start, and select Control Panel from the list on the left.
• In Control Panel, click Ease of Access.
• Click Ease of Access Center.

Sticky Keys:
Sticky Keys is an accessibility feature to help computer users with physical
disabilities, but it is also used by others as a means to reduce repetitive strain.
Sticky Keys allows the user to press and release a modifier key, such as Shift, Ctrl,
Alt, or the Windows key, and have it remain active until any other key is pressed.
To enable Sticky Keys, select Use Sticky Keys.
• Click Apply.
• Click OK.
Filter Keys:
Filter Keys is a feature of Microsoft Windows. It is an accessibility function that tells
the keyboard to ignore brief or repeated keystrokes, making typing easier for
people with hand tremors. To enable Filter Keys, check Use Filter Keys.
• Click Settings under Filter Keys and check "Ignore Repeated Keystrokes".
• Click Apply.
• Click OK.

ToggleKeys:
It is an accessibility function which is designed for people who have vision
impairment or cognitive disabilities.
When ToggleKeys is turned on, computer emits sound cues when the locking keys
(Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock) are pressed. A high sound is emitted when the
keys are switched on and a low sound is emitted when they are switched off.
• To enable ToggleKeys, Check Use ToggleKeys.
• Click Settings under ToggleKeys.
• Click Apply.
• Click OK.

Show Sounds:
Show Sounds instructs applications that convey information by sound, to also
provide information visually, through text captions or informative icons.
To enable Show Sounds, Check Use Show Sounds under Sound Tab.
• Click Apply.
• Click OK.

High Contrast:
High Contrast is an accessibility feature to assist people with vision impairment. You
can change the size and colour of fonts and the background for ease of viewing.
To enable High Contrast, Check Use High Contrast Under Display Tab (figure 5).
• Click Apply.
• Click OK.
Notice the difference on your monitor as the High Contrast option is enabled.
To disable High Contrast, uncheck Use High Contrast > Apply > OK.

MouseKeys:
MouseKeys is an accessibility feature that assists people who have difficulty using a
mouse. This option uses the keyboard (especially numeric keypad) as a pointing
device instead of a mouse.
Select the Mouse Tab, a window to configure accessibility options for mouse will be
displayed
To enable MouseKeys, Check Use MouseKeys.
• Click Apply.
• Click OK.

Serial Keys is an accessibility feature that assists people that have difficulty using a
keyboard or a mouse (or both).
 BLOGGING

A blog is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web

consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries.

 A blog is a discussion style site used by nontechnical (and technical users)

users for creating personal web pages.
 Blogs are similar to an online personal diary and simple to use.
 You can use a blog to convey messages about events, announcements, news,
reviews, etc.
 Blogs are usually managed using a web browser and this requires active
internet connection.
 You can also use offline blog software to create content first and later publish
the content when an active internet connection is available.

There are hundreds of websites that offer blog service for free. Some of the popular
blogs include:

• www.WordPress.com
• www.blogger.com
• www.blog.com
• www.weebly.com
• www.blogsome.com

Before you start using a blog, a blog account is required. To create one, you need a
web browser and an internet connection.

Open the Web Browser. On the address bar type

https://signup.WordPress.com/signup/.You should now get to a page with the
fields Blog address, Username, Password, Email Address and Language.

· Blog Address: You must provide a unique address to your WordPress Blog. This is
the address which others will use to view your blog.

· Username: You should choose a username for managing this blog.

· Password: Securing your WordPress blog account with a strong password is
important.
• Email Address: You must provide your Email Address here. An activation link
will be send to you from WordPress after you click "Create Blog”.
• Language: You can choose your own language for blogging from the list
given.
• Click Create Blog.
 WORD PROCESSING

Q1. What is Word Processing? Name some Word Processing softwares.

Ans. Word Processors are used to write documents such as articles, letter, resume, report, poem and
also making posters. They can help to:-

* Correct any spelling mistakes

* Edit the document

* Print the document

* Change the appearance of different portions of the document

* Insert header & footer, page numbers, pictures or images in the document

* Present information in a tabular form and many more Some of

the most popular Word Processing software are:-

* Open Office Writer

* MS- Word

* Notepad

* Google documents

Write the steps to Open MS Word ?

A. The Steps are as follows:

1. Click on Start.

2. Click on All Programs

3. Click on Microsoft Office

4. Click on Microsoft Word.

Write the steps to Save a Document?

A. The Steps are as follows:

1. Click on Office Button / File Menu

2. Click on Save

3. A Dialog Box appears

4. Type the name of the file and set the location

5. Click on Save.

Write the steps to Open a Document?

A. The Steps are as follows:

1. Click on Office Button / File Menu

2. Click on Open

3. A Dialog Box appears

4. Open the location and Click on the file name

5. Click on Open

Write the steps to close a Document?

A. The Steps are as follows:

1. Click on Office Button / File Menu

2. Click on Close.

Write the short cuts for the following:-

1. Create a New Document:- Ctrl +N

2. Save a Document:- Ctrl + S

3. Open a Document:- Ctrl + O

4. Close a Document:- Alt + F4

 What is the difference between Save and Save As Option available in MS Word ?

A. If we save a file using File Menu -> Save, the previous file is overwritten and new changes will
reflect in the existing file only.

But if we save a file using File Menu -> Save As, the previous file will not be replaced and a new file
will be created with a new name.

Write the steps to use the Save As option ?

A. The steps are as follows:-

1. Click on Office button / File Menu

2. Click on Save As Option

3. A Dialog Box Appears

4. Type the new name and select the new location.

5. Click on Save.

What is GUI?

A. GUI is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices using images
rather than text commands. This type of interface have graphical symbols or icon in the Ribbon.

Name the Eight tabs and their groups.

1. Home Tab:- Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, Styles, Editing

2. Insert:- Pages, Tables, Illustrations, Links, Header & Footer, Text

3. Page Layout:- Themes, Page Setup, Page Background, Paragraph, Arrange

4. References:- Table of Contents, Footnotes, Citations, & Bibilography, Captions, Index, Table
of Authorities

5. Mailings:- Create, Start Mail Merge, Write & Insert Fields, Preview Results, Finish

6. Review:- Proofing, Comments, Tracking, Changes, Compare, Protect

7. View:- Document View, Show/Hide, Zoom, Window, Macros.

 Describe Home Tab in detail?

A.The Home Tab contains commands for formatting of text, drawing of objects, editing content of
documents such as copy and paste. The features of Home Tab are as follows:-

1. The Clipboard group contains commands to cut copy and paste text. The format painter is also
available here.

2. Font group command allows change of the Font-font face, size, style etc.

3. Paragraph group is used to change settings of the paragraph such as alignments,

indents, spacing etc.

4. The Styles group allows choosing a style and changing the style.

5. Editing group contains command to select, find and replace text.

Write the steps to Bold, Italics and Underline the text?

A. For using the features of Bold, Italics and Underline the text,

Click on B, I, U option available under Font group of Home Tab.

Short cuts

Bold:- Ctrl + B

Italics:- Ctrl + I

Underline:- Ctrl + U.

Write the steps to use Check Spelling/Grammar Feature?

A. Check Spelling Feature is a feature in MS Word that automatically checks the spellings & grammar
and helps the users to create flawless documents.

Steps to use Check Spelling/Grammar Feature

1. Click on the Review tab on the Ribbon.

2. Click on the option Spelling & Grammar in the Proofing group.

3. The Spelling & Grammar dialog box appears.

 4. The suggestions of correct spellings are shown in the box.

OR

1. Position the cursor on the misspelt word.

2. Right-click the mouse.

3. A pop-up menu box appears.

4. The correct spelled word is shown on the top of the box and the spelling will be corrected
automatically in the text.

OR

Short Cut :- Press F7 key

What is the use of Thesaurus option in word?

A. A word processor helps us to look up synonyms and antonyms in the thesaurus option.

Write the steps to use the Thesaurus option?

A. Steps to use Thesaurus Option are :-

1. Select the word

2. Click on the Review tab

3. Click on Thesaurus option in the proofing group

4. A box opens up on the right side of the screen. This is called Research task pane. It
contains the synonyms and antonyms of the selected word.

5. Right click on the selected word and click in Insert. It will replace the original word.

What is the difference between Copy and Paste option and Cut and Paste Option ?

A. Copy and Paste:- The original set of text remains where it was and it is also pasted to another place
in the document.

Cut and Paste:- The original set of texts gets deleted and it pasted to another place in the document.
 What is clipboard?

A. The clipboard is a temporary short-term data storage area in your computer where the text is
temporarily placed.

Write the steps to Cut-Paste and Copy-Paste?

A. Steps to Cut-Paste are as follows:-

1. Select the word that is to be copied.

2. Right click the mouse anywhere on the selected text. A pop-up menu appears. Click on Cut.

3. Click at the position where you want to paste the text.

4. Right-click, then click paste from the pop-up menu.

The selected text is copied to the new location. Steps to

Copy-Paste are as follows:-

1. Select the word that is to be copied.

2. Right click the mouse anywhere on the selected text. A pop-up menu appears. Click on Copy.

3. Click at the position where you want to paste the text.

4. Right-click, then click paste from the pop-up menu.

The selected text is copied to the new location.

What is the use of Find and Replace Feature of word processor.

A. Find and Replace feature helps us to find all the occurrences of a specific word or group of words in
a document and also replace them with a new word or a group of words.
 Write the steps to Find and Replace Feature?

A. Steps to use Find and Replace Feature are as follows:

1. Click Find in the Home tab, Editing group.

2. A Find and Replace dialog box appears.

3. To just find the word, click Find. Enter text you want to search in the Find what box, click Find
Next. To find all the occurrences of the word, click Find in, then click Main document.

4. To find and replace, click Replace tab. Enter text to find in Find what. Enter text to replace in
Replace with.

5. Choose the action to be taken by clicking on – Replace, Replace All.

Write the steps to create a list using numbers or bullets?

A. Steps to create list using numbers or bullets are as follows:

1. Select the text.

2. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click the Bullets icon. The bullets will appear at the
beginning of each sentence.

When it is better to use bullets than numbers ?

A. We Use numbered lists when we are working with instructions to be done in a sequence ie.,steps to
be followed, and the numbers suggests a hierarchy. If numbers aren’t essential, use bullets.

When to capitalize the first letter in a bulleted item?

A. In most cases, it is recommended that you start each bulleted item with a capital letter for the sake
of a good presentation.

What is Font ?

A. Font refers to the style of writing i.e., how the characters look in the document. The look of
characters can be changed using the Font face(name), Font Size and Font Color.

What is Alignment?

A. Alignment determines the appearance and orientation of the edges of the paragraph. The different
types of alignment are –

1. Left Alignment :- Aligned the text evenly along the left margins.

2. Right Alignment :- Aligned the text evenly along the right margins.

3. Centre Alignment :- Aligned the text evenly with the centre of the page.

4. Justified Alignment :- Aligned the text evenly with both left and right margins.

What are the different views of a document?

A. Word Processor provides options to work on a document in different formats / layouts which
gives a different look to the document. The different layouts are:-

1. Print Layout

2. Full Screen Reading

3. Web Layout

4. Outline

5. Draft

Explain the different views of a Word document.

1. Print Layout: It is the default document view setting. User will able to see how the
document will look when it gets printed.

2. Full Screen Reading: This view provides the maximum space available for reading the
document. It hides the ribbon and view the document in two (side by side) frames similar to a book.

3. Web Layout: It shows how the document will appear in the web browser. In this view the
document looks like a web page.

4. Outline: This view displays the document as an outline and shows only the headings
present in the document like an index of the book. It is useful when the document has large
number of pages and sections.

5. Draft: This view is used for quick editing of the document.

 It is useful for proof reading of the document.

What is a Hard Copy and Soft Copy ?

A. In IT, a document saved on the computer is called a Soft Copy and one that is printed is called Hard
Copy.

Write the steps to Print a Document?

A. The steps to print a document are as follows:

1. Click File -> Print. A print dialog box appears with multiple settings. Make desired
settings and print the page.

Explain the different settings available in the Print Dialog Box.

A. The different settings available in Print Dialog Box are as follows:-

1. Print Range:- It includes 4 options- All for printing whole document. Current Page for printing
the page on which the cursor is currently placed. Selection for printing the selected text. Pages for
printing the selected page numbers.

2. Copies:- for Selecting the number of copies of the document to be printed.

3. Properties:- for setting advanced properties.

What is a Table?

A. A table is an arrangement of rows and columns. It helps you to present information in an organized
form.

Write steps to insert a table in a word document. A.

1. Select the Insert tab. Select Table from the Tables group. An Insert Table drop down menu
appears.

2. Drag your mouse to the desired number of rows and columns and click the left button of the
mouse.
 3. An empty table having the selected number of rows and columns is inserted in the
document.

Write steps to format a table. A.

1. Click anywhere on the table. A Design tab and Layout tab appear in the ribbon.

2. Click on the Design tab. Different styles and options for formatting will appear.

3. Using the options available in Design tab, you can format the table.

Write steps to change Layout of a table. A.

1. Click anywhere on the table. A Design tab and Layout tab appear in the ribbon.

2. Click on the Layout tab. Different options will appear to change the Layout.

3. Using the options available in Layout tab, you can change the Layout of the table.

Write steps to convert text to table and table to text.

A. [While typing text, use comma between data to indicate where you want to divide text into
columns and use paragraph marks(Press Enter Key) to indicate where you want to begin a new row]

Steps to convert text to table:-

1. Select the text that you want to convert from the document.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click Table, and then click Convert Text to Table.

3. A convert text to table dialog box appears. In the dialog box, under Separate text at, click the
options for separate character that is in your text (commas in this case)

4. In the Number of columns box, check the number of columns.

5. Select any other options that you want. Click on OK button.

Steps to convert table to text:-

1. Select the entire table.

2. Click on convert to text option in Data group under Layout tab of Table Tools.
 3. A convert table to text dialog box opens. Choose any Separate text with option.

4. Click OK.

Write steps to add border to a page or a paragraph/text

A. Steps to add border to a page or paragraph/text are:-

1. Click on Page Borders option in the Page Background group on Page Layout tab. A
Borders and Shading dialog box appears.

2. In the dialog box, do one of the following

* To add a paragraph or text border, click the Borders tab.

* To add a page border, click the Page Border tab. This tab has three sections. o In

the left most section, under setting, select the type of border you want.

o In the center section, you can modify the line style, border color and width. You can even click Art to
add a design to a page border.

3. Check Preview to see how the border will look.

4. Click OK.

Write steps to add shading to pages, paragraphs and text. A.

1. On the Page Layout tab in the Page Background group, click Page borders. A Borders and
Shading dialog box appears.

2. Click on the tab Shading.

3. There are three options under Shading tab.

a. Fill: By clicking on the down arrow, a colour palette is displayed. Choose the desired colour
shading.

b. Style: This option allows the changes in darkness of the shading and also different
patterns of shading.

c. Apply to:By clicking on the down arrow, you can choose if you want to shade only the
selected text or the entire paragraph.
What is Margin? How do we set the margin?

A. Page margins are the blank space around the edges of the page. You can position some items in the
margins such as headers, footers, page numbers etc. A document has top, bottom, left and right margins.

Steps to adjust/change margin are:-

1. Select the Page Layout tab.

2. Click on Margins in the Page Setup group. A Margins drop down list appears.

3. Select any one of the options shown, Narrow, Moderate, Wide or Mirrored OR click on the
Custom Margins... option to set the customise margin.

What are the two types of Page Orientation? How do we change the page orientation?

A. The Two types of Page orientation are:-

1. Portrait:- means that the page is taller than it is wider.

2. Landscape:- means that the page wider than it is taller.

Steps to change the page orientation:-

1. Click on Page Layout tab

2. Click on the Orientation button. This will give you two options: Portrait and Landscape.

3. To change the orientation, click on the desired orientation icon.

What is Print Preview? Write steps to check Print Preview.

A. Print Preview enables you to see what the document will look like when it is printed.

Steps to check Print Preview:-

1. Select File-> Print-> Print Preview option.

2. A Print Preview tab opens. A sample Print Preview of the page displays.
What are tabs? How do we set tabs?

A. Tabs are often used to format documents. Different types of tabs are:-

1. A Left Tab stop – sets the start position of text that will then run to the right as you type.

2. A Centre Tab stop – sets the position of the middle of the text. The text centers on this
position as you type.

3. A Right Tab stop – sets the right end of the text. As you type the text moves left.

To set Tabs, do the following:-

1. Click the tab selector at the left end of the ruler until it displays the type of tab that you
want.

2. Click the ruler at the location you want.

 Understanding MS-Excel
What is a spreadsheet?
A program that displays data (text & numbers) in a table called a worksheet

Uses of Spreadsheet
 Prepare budgets
 Financial statements
 Inventory management
 Create charts

What is a worksheet?
A grid with columns & rows; the term worksheet is used interchangeably with
spreadsheet

What is a cell?
The intersection of a row and column

What 3 things can you type into a cell?

 Label = words or letters
 Value = numbers
 Formula – statement that performs a calculation

What is a cell range?

A group of cells that are closely together

What are columns?

Vertical arrangements of cells; identified by letters

What are rows?

Horizontal arrangement of cells; identified by numbers

What is a worksheet tab?

A tab that identifies each open worksheet in a spreadsheet program, located in
the lower left corner of the screen

Excel 2003 vs. Excel 2007

256 Columns 16,384 Columns
65,536 Rows 1,048,576 Rows
What is a Cell Address (Reference)?
This is a column letter & row number combination, such as A1, B2

What is a name box?

Displays the name of the active cell or range

What is a formula bar?

Displays the data or formula stored in the active cell

What is an active cell?

The cell in which you are currently working (normally the cell is surrounded by
a black border)

What is a function?
A built-in formula that is a shortcut for common calculations such as addition
and average.

What are Operation Symbols?

Instruct the computer as to what mathematical operations to perform

Operation Symbols
 Addition (+)
 Subtraction (-)
 Multiplication (*)
 Division (/)

How do you key a formula?

You combine numbers, cell addresses (references), Operation symbols and/or
functions
Ex: =4 + 5; =B1 * B2

Order of Operations
Completes formulas in this order:
1. Parentheses
2. Exponents
3. Multiplication
4. Division
5. Addition

6. Subtraction
Example:
Formula:
5+2*7
Result: 19

Formula:
(5+2)*7
Result: 49
What is a column width tool?
Tool that changes the width of the columns on a spreadsheet

What is a row height tool?

Tool that changes the height of rows on a spreadsheet

What is the Fill Handle Tool?

Used to copy data & formulas to another cell; and create a series

What is Auto Sum Tool?

Automatically creates a formula to add a series of numbers in a spreadsheet

What is a Chart?
Graphic representations used to compare & contrast worksheet data

What is sorting?
Organizing or rearranging data in either ascending or descending order

Definitions….
Sort Ascending – arranges records from A to Z or smallest to largest
Sort Descending – arranges records from Z to A or largest to smallest