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Chi Square

The crosstab analysis shows that postgraduates are predominant in Healthcare and Education industries, while undergraduates are also significant in these sectors. A Chi-Square test indicates a statistically significant association between education level and industry of work (p = 0.014), although caution is advised due to low expected values in some cells. Suggestions include grouping rare categories for better test validity and using visualizations to enhance presentation clarity.

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Saiganesh K
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4 views2 pages

Chi Square

The crosstab analysis shows that postgraduates are predominant in Healthcare and Education industries, while undergraduates are also significant in these sectors. A Chi-Square test indicates a statistically significant association between education level and industry of work (p = 0.014), although caution is advised due to low expected values in some cells. Suggestions include grouping rare categories for better test validity and using visualizations to enhance presentation clarity.

Uploaded by

Saiganesh K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Crosstab: Education Level × Industry of Work

Education Level Finance Healthcare IT Education Manufacturing Total


High School 2 0 0 0 0 2
Undergraduate 6 8 5 24 1 44
Postgraduate 12 26 9 24 3 74
Others 1 1 0 0 1 3
Total 21 35 14 48 5 123

✅ Interpretation of Results

🔹 Key Observations:

1. Postgraduates dominate across most industries—especially in Healthcare and


Education.
2. Undergraduates are also common, particularly in Education and Healthcare.
3. IT industry hires both undergrads and postgrads, but very few from other levels.
4. Finance has a relatively balanced spread, though postgrads lead.
5. High School and Others have minimal representation and are clustered mostly in
Finance and Manufacturing.

🧪 Chi-Square Test Summary

Test Value df p-value


Pearson Chi-Square 25.094 12 0.014 ✅
Likelihood Ratio 19.988 12 0.067
Linear-by-Linear Assoc. 0.609 1 0.435

📌 Conclusion:

 ✅ There is a statistically significant association between education level and industry


of work (p = 0.014).
 🎯 Industry preferences vary by education level:
o Healthcare & Education industries attract more postgraduates.
o Education industry shows the widest range of education levels (except
"Others").
o IT mostly employs graduates/postgraduates, no one from "Others" or "High
School".
 ⚠️Caution: Many cells have low expected values (<5), which weakens test reliability.
💡 Suggestions:

1. Group rare categories (like High School and Others) to improve test validity.
2. Visualize this with a stacked bar chart or heatmap for clear presentation.
3. If you’re presenting this: Emphasize the strong link between higher education and
employment in healthcare and education sectors.

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