Deld 4
Deld 4
• It has an oval shape. The input path of the conditional box must come from the
exit path of the decision box.
• The register operations and output lists are written inside the conditional box
which is generated in a particular state but the input condition must be true.
Application
1. Design and Verification of Digital Circuits:
• ASM charts serve as a blueprint for the behavior of digital circuits, allowing
engineers to visualize the system's flow and identify potential issues before
committing to hardware implementation.
• By clearly defining the states, transitions, and outputs, ASM charts facilitate
efficient verification of the circuit's functionality and ensure it operates as
intended.
2. Development of Control Logic:
• ASM charts play a crucial role in designing the control logic for digital
systems.
• The chart's structure maps directly to the logic gates and flip-flops needed to
implement the desired state transitions and outputs.
• This simplifies the design process and helps ensure the control logic operates
in sync with the overall system behavior.
3. Documentation and Communication:
• ASM charts serve as a clear and concise form of documentation for digital
systems.
• They provide a readily understandable visual representation of the system's
operation, facilitating communication between engineers, designers, and
other stakeholders.
• This shared understanding promotes efficient collaboration and reduces the
risk of misinterpretations during the development process.
4. Educational Tool:
• ASM charts are widely used as a teaching tool in digital logic design courses.
• Their intuitive structure and visual representation make complex concepts
like state machines and sequential logic more accessible to students.
• By working with ASM charts, students gain hands-on experience in designing
and analyzing digital systems, preparing them for real-world engineering
challenges.
2. Draw an ASM chart for the 2-bit down counter having one
enable line such that:
E=1 (counting enabled)
E=0 (counting disabled) Also draw the state diagram.
3.Design a sequence generator circuit to generate the sequence 1 –
3 – 5 – 7 using MUX Controller based ASM approach. Consideration:
i. If C = 0 Then the sequence generator circuit in the same state
ii. If C = 1 Then the sequence generator circuit goes into next
state.
4.What is PLD? Explain the advantages of PLD over
Fixed/Application specific devices.
PLD stands for Programmable Logic Device. It's a type of integrated circuit (IC) that
can be configured after manufacturing to perform various logic functions. Unlike
fixed-function logic chips, PLDs offer flexibility and the ability to customize
functionalities, making them valuable for diverse applications.
5.Draw block diagram of PLA device & explain.
Block Diagram of a PLA Device:
The block diagram of a PLA device consists of five main components:
1. Input Buffers:
• Receive and isolate the input signals from the external environment.
• Ensure proper signal levels and drive capabilities for subsequent stages.
2. AND Array (Product Term Matrix):
• Contains a grid of AND gates, typically arranged in rows and columns.
• Each input has connections to both normal and inverted forms, allowing for
flexibility in product term generation.
• Programmable fuses or other elements determine which connections
contribute to each product term.
3. OR Array (Sum Term Matrix):
• Contains a grid of OR gates, typically arranged in columns corresponding to
the outputs.
• Each product term from the AND array connects to a specific OR gate.
• Programmable fuses or other elements determine which product terms
contribute to each output function.
4. Output Buffers:
• Drive the final output signals to the external environment.
• May provide amplification and impedance matching to ensure proper signal
integrity.
5. Programming Mechanism:
• Allows the user to define the functionality of the PLA by configuring the
programmable elements (fuses, anti-fuses, etc.) in the AND and OR arrays.
• Different programming methods exist, such as fuse
blowing, EPROM/EEPROM programming, or configuration bit loading.
Explanation:
1. Input signals enter the input buffers, ensuring proper signal levels and
protecting the internal circuitry.
2. Each input connects to both normal and inverted forms in the AND
array. Programmable fuses determine which of these connections contribute
to each product term.
3. Each product term is then connected to a specific OR gate in the OR array
through additional programmable elements.
4. The OR gates in the OR array combine the product terms to generate the final
output functions.
5. Output buffers amplify and shape the final output signals before driving them
to the external environment.