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Web Development

Web development encompasses creating websites and applications, categorized into front-end, back-end, and full-stack development. Key technologies include HTML for structure, CSS for styling, and JavaScript for interactivity, along with various frameworks and libraries. Effective web development practices involve writing semantic HTML, optimizing performance, ensuring responsive design, and testing across different browsers.

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8 views

Web Development

Web development encompasses creating websites and applications, categorized into front-end, back-end, and full-stack development. Key technologies include HTML for structure, CSS for styling, and JavaScript for interactivity, along with various frameworks and libraries. Effective web development practices involve writing semantic HTML, optimizing performance, ensuring responsive design, and testing across different browsers.

Uploaded by

sameergill9595
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Web Development

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1. Introduction to Web Development


Web development involves creating websites and web applications. It is divided into three main
categories:

1. Front-End Development: The user interface and user experience (HTML, CSS, JavaScript).
2. Back-End Development: Server-side logic and database interaction (Node.js, PHP, Python, etc.).
3. Full-Stack Development: A combination of front-end and back-end development.

2. Basic Structure of a Web Page (HTML)

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HTML is used to create the structure of web pages. Here’s a basic template:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>My First Website</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
</header>
<main>
<p>This is a sample paragraph.</p>
</main>
<footer>
<p>&copy; 2025 My Website</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
Key HTML Tags

• <html>: Root element.


• <head>: Contains metadata and links.
• <body>: Contains visible page content.
• <h1> to <h6>: Headings.
• <p>: Paragraph.
• <a href="URL">: Hyperlink.
• <img src="path" alt="description">: Image.
• <ul> and <li>: Unordered list.
• <ol> and <li>: Ordered list.
• <table>, <tr>, <td>, <th>: Tables.
• <form>: User input form.

3. Styling Web Pages (CSS)

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is used to style HTML elements. Example:

/* External CSS */
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}

h1 {
color: #333;
text-align: center;
}

p {
line-height: 1.5;
margin: 20px;
}
Ways to Add CSS

1. Inline CSS: <p style="color: red;">This is red text.</p>

2. Internal CSS: <style>


body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
</style>

3. External CSS: <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

CSS Properties

• color: Text color.


• background-color: Background color.
• margin: Space outside the element.
• padding: Space inside the element.
• border: Adds a border.
• font-size: Sets the font size.
• text-align: Aligns text (left, center, right).

Responsive Design

Use media queries to make the website responsive:

@media (max-width: 768px) {


body {
font-size: 14px;
}
}

4. Adding Interactivity (JavaScript)

JavaScript Basics

JavaScript adds interactivity to websites.


// Example: Button Click Event
document.getElementById("myButton").addEventListener("click", function() {
alert("Button was clicked!");
});

Ways to Add JavaScript

1. Inline: <button onclick="alert('Clicked!')">Click Me</button>

2. Internal: <script>
console.log("Hello, JavaScript!");
</script>

3. External: <script src="script.js"></script>

5. Advanced Front-End Tools

1. Bootstrap

A popular CSS framework for responsive design.

<link
href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet">
<button class="btn btn-primary">Bootstrap Button</button>

2. JavaScript Libraries (e.g., jQuery)

<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
$("p").click(function() {
$(this).hide();
});
});
</script>
6. Back-End Development Basics

Common Back-End Languages

1. Node.js: JavaScript runtime for server-side programming.


2. PHP: Server-side scripting language.
3. Python: Popular with Django and Flask frameworks.
4. Ruby: Used with the Rails framework.

Database Integration

• Relational Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL.


• NoSQL Databases: MongoDB, Firebase.

7. Tools for Web Development

1. IDEs

• Visual Studio Code


• Sublime Text
• Atom

2. Online Testing Platforms

• CodePen
• JSFiddle

3. Version Control

• Git and GitHub for version control and collaboration.

8. Sample Project Structure


MyWebsite/
│
├── index.html # Main HTML file
├── styles.css # CSS file
├── script.js # JavaScript file
└── images/ # Folder for images

9. Tips for Effective Web Development


1. Write Semantic HTML: Use proper tags for better accessibility and SEO.
2. Optimize Performance: Compress images, minify CSS/JS, and use caching.
3. Use Responsive Design: Ensure your site works on all devices.
4. Test Across Browsers: Check compatibility on Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari.

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