CHAPTER

1 Basic Maths

Topicwise Weightage of JEE Main 6 Years Paper (124 Sets)

Inequalities

44%

56%

Logarithm

“How’s the Josh?” for these Topics: Mark your confidence level in the blank space around the topic (Low-L, Medium-M, High-H)

NUMBER SYSTEM (v) Odd integers: Integers which are not divisible by 2 are
called odd integers.
(i) Natural numbers: The counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
are called Natural Numbers. The set of natural numbers is e.g. ± 1, ± 3, ± 5, ± 7......
denoted by N. (vi) Prime numbers: Natural numbers which are divisible by 1
and itself only are called prime numbers.
Thus N = {1, 2, 3, 4, ....}.
e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ........
(ii) Whole numbers: Natural numbers including zero are called
whole numbers. The set of whole numbers is denoted by W. (vii) Composite number: Let ‘a’ be a natural number, ‘a’ is said
to be composite if, it has atleast three distinct factors.
Thus W = {0, 1, 2, .........}
e.g. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 .........
(iii) Integers: The numbers ... – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 .... are
Note: (a) 1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
called integers and the set is denoted by Ι or Z. Thus Ι
(b) Numbers which are not prime are composite numbers
(or Z) = {.. – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3...}
(except 1).
Note: (a) Positive integers Ι+ = {1, 2, 3 ....} = N (c) ‘4’ is the smallest composite number.
(b) Negative integers Ι– = {....., –3, –2, –1}. (d) ‘2’ is the only even prime number.
(c) Non-negative integers (whole numbers) = {0, 1, 2, ...}. (viii) Co-prime numbers: Two natural numbers (not necessarily
(d) Non-positive integers = {......, –3, –2, –1, 0}. prime) are called coprime, if their H.C.F (Highest common
factor) is one.
(iv) Even integers: Integers which are divisible by 2 are called
e.g. (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 10), (3, 8), (5, 6), (7, 8)
even integers. (15, 16) etc.
e.g. 0, ± 2, ± 4,.......
 These numbers are also known as relatively prime numbers. (e) If a ∈ Q and b ∉ Q, then ab = rational number, only if
Note: a = 0.
(a) Two prime numbers are always co-prime but converse (f) Sum, difference, product and quotient of two irrational
need not be true. numbers need not be a irrational number or we can say,
(b) Consecutive natural numbers are always co-prime result may be a rational number also.
numbers.
ADVANCED LEARNING
(ix) Twin prime numbers: If the difference between two
prime numbers is two, then the numbers are called twin (xiii) Complex number: A number of the form a + ib is called
prime numbers. a complex number, where a, b ∈ R and i = -1 . Complex
e.g. {3, 5}, {5, 7}, {11, 13}, {17, 19}, {29, 31} number is usually denoted by z and the set of complex
number is represented by C. Thus C = {a + ib : a, b ∈ R
(x) Rational numbers: All the numbers that can be
represented in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and i = -1 }
and q ≠ 0, are called rational numbers and their set is Note: It may be noted that N ⊂ W ⊂ Ι ⊂ Q ⊂ R ⊂ C.
denoted by Q. Thus Q = {p/q : p, q ∈ Ι and q ≠ 0}. It
may be noted that every integer is a rational number
since it can be written as p/q. It may be noted that all
Train Your Brain
recurring decimals are rational numbers.
p
Note: Maximum number of different decimal digits in
q Example 1: The value of 1.285714 ¸ 1.714285 = ______.
11
is equal to q, i.e. will have maximum of 9 different 3 7
9 (a) (b)
decimal digits. 4 8
(xi) Irrational numbers: The numbers which can not be 7 3
expressed in p/q form where p, q ∈ Ι and q ≠ 0 i.e. the (c) (d)
12 7
numbers which are not rational are called irrational numbers Sol. (a)
and their set is denoted by Qc. (i.e. complementary set of Q) 1.285714
e.g. 2 , 1 + 3 etc. Irrational numbers can not be = 1 + 0.285714
expressed as recurring decimals.
2 9
Note: e ≈ 2.71 (is called Napier’s constant) and = 1+ =
7 7
π ≈ 3.14 are irrational numbers.
1.714285
(xii) Real numbers: Numbers which can be expressed on
5 12
number line are called real numbers. The complete set of = 1+ =
7 7
rational and irrational numbers is the set of real numbers
and is denoted by R. Thus R = Q ∪ QC. \1.285714 ¸ 1.714285
9 12
= ¸
Negative side Positive side 7 7
9 7
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 2 3  = ´
7 12
Real line
3
All real numbers follow the order property i.e. if there are two =
4
distinct real numbers a and b then either a < b or a > b.
Note: Example 2: Prove that the difference 1025 – 7 is divisible
(a) Integers are rational numbers, but converse need not by 3.
be true.
Sol. Write the given difference in the form 1025 – 7
(b) Negative of an irrational number is an irrational
number. = (1025 – 1) – 6. The number 1025 – 1 = 99..9
 is
25 digits
(c) Sum of a rational number and an irrational number is
always an irrational number divisible by 3 (and 9). Since the numbers (1025 – 1) and
e.g. 2 + 3 6 are divisible by 3, the number 1025 – 7, being their
(d) The product of a non zero rational number and an difference, is also divisible by 3 without a remainder.
irrational number will always be an irrational number.

2 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 Concept Application Train Your Brain

Example 3: Show that the expression, (x2 – y z)3 + (y2 – z x)3 +

1. The product of 1.142857 and 0.63 = _____. (z2 – x y)3 – 3 (x2 – y z) . (y2 – z x).(z2 – x y) is a perfect square
8 and find its square root.
(a)
11 Sol. (x2 – yz)3 + (y2 – zx)3 + (z2 – xy)3 – 3(x2 – yz)
7 (y2 – zx) (z2 – xy) = a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
(b)
11 (where a = x2 – yz, b = y2 – zx, c = z2 – xy)
11 = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
(c)
7 1
= (a + b + c) ((a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2)
8 2
(d)
7 1 2 2 2
= (x + y + z – xy – yz – zx) [(x2 – yz – y2 + zx)2
2. If x = 12 - 9, y = 13 - 10, and z = 11 - 8, 2

then which of the following is true?  + (y2 – zx – z2 + xy)2 + (z2 – xy – x2 + yz)2]

(a) z > x > y 1 2 2 2
= (x + y + z – xy – yz – zx) [{x2 – y2 + z(x – y)}2
2
(b) z > y > x
+{y2 – z2 + x (y – z)}2 + {z2 – x2 + y (z – x)}2]
(c) y > x > z
1 2 2 2
(d) y > z > x = (x + y + z – xy – yz – zx) (x + y + z)2
2
 [(x – y)2 + (y – z)2 + (z – x)2]
= (x + y + z)2 (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)2
= (x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz)2
SOME IMPORTANT IDENTITIES
(which is a perfect square) its square roots are
1. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2 + 4ab
± ( x 3 + y 3 + z 3 - 3 xyz )
2. (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab 1
Example 4: If x2 – 4x + 1 = 0, then what is the value of x 3 + ?
3. a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b) x3
1
Sol. x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 Þ x + =4
4. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b) x
3
5. (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab (a – b) 1 æ 1ö æ 1ö
x 3 + 3 = ç x + ÷ - 3 ç x + ÷ = 43 - 3 ´ 4 = 52
x è x ø è xø
6. a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b) = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
1
Example 5: If x + = a , then what is the value of
7. a3 – b3 = (a – b)3 + 3ab (a – b) = (a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab) x
1 1
x3 + x 2 + + ?
8. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = a2 + b2 + c2 x3 x 2
1 1 1 (a) a3 + a2 (b) a3 + a2 – 5a
+ 2abc æç + + ö÷
èa b cø (c) a3 + a2 – 3a –2 (d) a3 + a2 – 4a –2
1 Sol. (c)
9. a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca = [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
2 1
Given, x + = a
10. a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) x
1 1 1 æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
= (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2] Now, x 3 + x 2 + 3 + 2 = ç x 3 + 3 ÷ + ç x 2 + 2 ÷
2 x x è x ø è x ø
3 2
If a + b + c = 0 , then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= ç x + ÷ - 3ç x + ÷ + ç x + ÷ - 2
è xø è xø è xø
11. a4 – b4 = (a + b) (a – b) (a2 + b2)
= a3 – 3a + a2 – 2 = a3 + a2 – 3a –2.
12. a4 + a2 + 1 = (a2 + 1)2 – a2 = (1 + a + a2) (1 – a + a2)

Basic Maths 3
 Concept Application am
4. am – n = , where m and n are rational numbers, a ≠ 0
an
5. (am)n = amn
3. If x1/3 + y1/3 + z1/3 = 0, then (x + y + z)3 is equal to?
q
(a) 1 (b) 3 6. ap/q = ap
(c) 3xy (d) 27xyz
7. a = mn a = n m a , where m, n ∈ N and
m n

4. If a + b + c = 0, then what is the value of

(m, n ≥ 2) and a is positive rational number
a 2 + b2 + c2
8. a ´ b = ab , a, b ∈ R and atleast one of a and b should
(a - b ) + (b - c ) + (c - a )
2 2 2
be positive
1
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) 0
3
1 1 SURDS
5. If x + = p then x 6 + 6 equals to :
x x If a is a positive rational number, which is not the nth power (n is any
(a) p6 + 6p (b) p6 – 6p natural number) of any rational number, then the irrational number
(c) p6 + 6p4 + 9p2 + 2 (d) p6 – 6p4 + 9p2 – 2 ± n a are called simple surds or monomial surds.
1 Every surd is an irrational number (but every irrational number is
6. If x + = 4, then find values of
x not a surd). So, the representation of monomial surd on a number
line is same as that of irrational numbers.
2 1 3 1
(i) x + (ii) x + Examples:
x2 x3
4 1 1. 3 is a surd and 3 is an irrational number.
(iii) x +
x4 2. 3
5 is a surd and 3
5 is an irrational number.
7. Prove that (1 + x)(1 + x2)(1 + x4)(1 + x8)(1 + x16) 3. p is an irrational number, but it is not a surd.
(1 - x 32 )
= 4. 3
3 + 2 is an irrational number. It is not a surd, because
(1 - x)
8. If x, y, z are all different real numbers, then prove that 3 + 2 is not a rational number.
2
1 1 1 æ 1 1 1 ö
+ + =ç + + ÷ .
( x - y ) 2 ( y - z ) 2 ( z - x) 2 è x - y y - z z - x ø Train Your Brain
a b
9. If + = -1, then find value of a3 – b3.
b a 4 4

10. If a – b = –8, ab = –12 then a3 – b3 will be Example 6: Simplify éë 3 6 a 9 ùû éë 6 3 a 9 ùû

11. The product (x + y)(x – y)(x2 + xy + y2)(x2 – xy + y2) Sol. a9(1/6)(1/3)4 · a9(1/3)(1/6)4 = a2 · a2 = a4.
simplifies to Example 7: Arrange the following in ascending or
12. Find the real values of p, q, r satisfying (2p – 3)8 descending order of magnitude:
+ (1 – q)6 + (4 – 3r)4 = 0. 4
6, 3 7, 5
Sol. 4
6 = 61/ 4 , 3 7 = 71/3 , 5 = 51/ 2
ADVANCED LEARNING LCM of the denominators of the exponents of these
INDICES three terms, 4, 3 and 2 is12.
If ‘a’ is any non zero real or imaginary number and ‘m’ is the Now express the exponent of each term, as a fraction in
positive integer, then am = a · a · a. ... a (m times). Here a is which then denominator is 12.
called the base and m is called the index, power or exponent. 1 3 1
6 4 = 612 = (63 )12 = 12 216
Law of indices:
1 4 1
1. a0 = 1, (a ≠ 0) 7 3 = 712 = (7 4 )12 = 12 2401
1 1 6 1
2. a–m =
am
, (a ≠ 0) 5 2 = 512 = (56 )12 = 12 15625

3. am + n = am · an, where m and n are rational numbers

4 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 ADVANCED LEARNING
Now, 4
6= 12
216, 7 = 3 12
2401, 5 = 15625 12
RATIO
Hence, their ascending order is
(i) If A and B be two quantities of the same kind, then their
216, 12 2401, 12 15625, i.e., 4 6, 3 7, 5
12
A

\ The descending order of magnitude of the given ratio is A : B; which may be denoted by the fraction
B
(This may be an integer or fraction)
radical is 5, 3 7, 4 6 .
a
Example 8: Find the square root of 10 + 24 + 60 + 40 (ii) A ratio may represented in a number of ways e.g.
b
ma na
Sol. = 10 + 24 + 60 + 40 = = =...... where m, n,...... are non-zero numbers.
mb nb
= 10 + 2 6 + 2 15 + 2 10
(iii) To compare two or more ratio, reduce them to common
= (2 + 3 + 5)+ 2 2 (3) + 2 3 (5) + 2 2 (5) denominator.

( )
2
= 2+ 3+ 5 (iv) Ratio between two ratios may be represented as the ratio
of two integers
= 2 + 3 + 5.
e.g. a : c : a b = ad or ad : bc
b d c d bc
(v) Ratios are compounded by multiplying them together i.e.
Concept Application a c e ace
× × ..... = .....
b d f bdf
13. If the surds 4 4, 6 5, 8 6 and 12 8 are arranged in (vi) If a : b is any ratio then its duplicate ratio is a2 : b2;
ascending order from left to right, then the third surd
triplicate ratio is a3 : b3..... etc.
from the left is
(a) 12
8 (b) 4
4 (c) 8
6 (d) 6
5 (vii) If a : b is any ratio, then its sub-duplicate ratio is
a1/2 : b1/2; sub-triplicate ratio is a1/3 : b1/3 etc.
14. 6
15 - 2 56 3 7 + 2 2 = ______.
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 6
2 PROPORTION
15. If x = 21/3 – 2, then +
+ 12x = _________. x3 6x2
When two ratios are equal, then the four quantities compositing
(a)6 (b) –6
(c) 8 (d) –8
a c
-3 -2 -3
1 1 1 them are said to be proportional. If = , then it is written as
16. If a = 4 2 , b = (125) 3 , c = 81 4 then + + = b d
a b c a : b = c : d or a : b : : c : d
2 3 5
1 (i) ‘a’ and ‘d’ are known as extremes and ‘b and c’ are known
17. If p = 8 3 , q = 9 2 , r = 16 4 , s = then
6-2 as means.

p+q+r+s=
-4 -2
(ii) An important property of proportion Product of extremes
æ 1 ö3 æ 1 ö3 5/3 –5/2
18. If u = ç ÷ , v = ç ÷ , w = (8) . (4) , = product of means.
27
è ø è 216 ø
(iii) If a : b = c : d, then b : a = d : c (Invertando)
vwt
t = (9)3/2 . (81)–3/4 then =
u (iv) If a : b = c : d, then a : c = b : d (Alternando)
19. Which of the following number is greater than 1 a+b c+d
-2/3 (v) If a : b = c : d, then = (Componendo)
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö b d
(a) ç ÷ ×ç 2 ÷ (b) (125)–2/3 . (625)1/2
è 216 ø è6 ø
a -b c-d
(c) log(1/2) 16 (d) log16 32 (vi) If a : b = c : d, then = (Dividendo)
b d
-1 -1
æ a+ bö æ a+ bö
20. Simplify a çç ÷÷ + b çç ÷÷ a+b c+d
(vii) If a : b = c : d, then = (Componendo and
è 2b a ø è 2a b ø a -b c-d
dividendo)

Basic Maths 5
 a c e a + c + e + .....
(viii) If = = = ..... , then each Concept Application
b d f b + d + f + ......

Sum of the numerators

= x2 + 1 + x2 - 1 2x2 - 1
Sum of the denominators 21. Solve the equations =
x2 + 1 - x2 - 1 2
a c e xa + yc + ze + ......
(ix) If = = = ..... , then each =
b d f xb + yd + zf + ...... 1 + x2 + 1 - x2
22. Solve: =3
1/ n 1 + x2 - 1 - x2
a c e æ xa + yc + ze ö
n n n
(x) If = = = ..... , then each = ç n n n ÷ 23. If (4x – 3y) : (2x + 5y) = 12 : 19 then x : y is ......
b d f è xb + yd + zf ø
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 9 : 4 (d) 2 : 1

Train Your Brain

INTERVALS
Intervals are basically subsets of R and are commonly used in
x+ y y+z z+x
Example 9: If = = , then find x : y : z. solving inequalities or in finding domains. If there are two
2 3 4 numbers a, b ∈ R such that a < b, we can define four types of
intervals as follows :
Sum of the numerators
Sol. Each = Open Interval (a, b)
Sum of the denominators
{x : a < x < b} i.e. extreme points are not included
2( x + y + z ) x + y + z
= = and therefore each Closed Interval [a, b]
9 9/2
{x : a ≤ x ≤ b} i.e. extreme points are included
( x + y + z) - ( y + z) ( x + y + z) - ( x + z) It can possible when a and b are finite
= =
9 9 Semi-Open Interval (a, b]
-3 -4
2 2
{x : a < x ≤ b} i.e. a is not included and b is included
( x + y + z) - ( x + y) Semi-Closed Interval [a, b)
=
9 {x : a ≤ x < b} i.e. a is included and b is not included
-2
2
Note:
x y z 1. The infinite intervals are defined as follows :
= = = ⇒x:y:z=3:1:5
3 / 2 1/ 2 5 / 2 (i) (a, ∞) = {x : x > a}

a + 3b + 2c + 6d 3a + b + 6c + 2d (ii) [a, ∞) = {x : x ≥ a}
Example 10: If = , then
-a - 3b + 2c + 6d -3a - b + 6c + 2d (iii) (– ∞, b) = {x : x < b}
the correct statement is (iv) (∞, b] = {x : x ≤ b}
(v) (– ∞, ∞) = {x : x ∈ R}
(a) ad = bc (b) ac = bd
2. x ∈ {1, 2} denotes some particular values of x, i.e. x = 1, 2
ab 3. If there is no value of x, then we say x ∈ φ (null set)
(c) c = (d) a + d = b + c
d
Sol. (a) Apply C and D the the given equation GENERAL METHOD TO SOLVE
INEQUALITIES
4c + 12d 4d + 12c c + 3d d + 3c
⇒ = ⇒ =
2a + 6d 2b + 6a a + 3b b + 3a Method of Intervals (Wavy Curve Method)
⇒ bc + 3ac + 3bd + 9ad = ad + 3ac + 3bd + 9bc æ ( x – b1 ) k1 ( x – b2 ) k2 - - - ( x – bn ) kn ö
Let g(x) = ç r1 r rn ÷
...(i)
⇒ 8ad = 8bc è ( x – a1 ) ( x – a2 ) 2 - - - ( x – an ) ø
Where k1, k2 ..... kn and r1, r2 ........ rn ∈ N and b1, b2..... bn and a1,
⇒ ad = bc a2 ... an are real numbers.
Then to solve the inequality following steps are taken.

6 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

Steps: Points where numerator becomes zero are called zeros or
roots of the function and where denominator becomes zero are Concept Application
called poles of the function.
(i) First we find the zeros and poles of the function.
(ii) Then we mark all the zeros and poles on the real line and x 3 - 4 x 2 - 12 x
form a curve to divide the real line in many intervals. 24. Solve the inequality ³0
x+3
(iii) Determine sign of the function in any of the interval and
then alternates the sign in the neghbouring interval if the ( x + 1) 4 ( x - 2)( x - 3)3 ( x - 4) 2
25. Solve the inequality ³0
poles or zeros dividing the two interval has appeared odd x 3 - 36 x
number of times otherwise retain the sign.
(iv) Thus we consider all the intervals. The solution of the 26. Find the number of integer values of variable x
g(x) > 0 is the union of the intervals in which we have put satisfying the following pair of inequalities.
the plus sign and the solution of g(x) < 0 is the union of all
intervals in which we have put the minus sign. ( x - 1)( x + 4)
< 0 & x 2 + 6 x - 27 £ 0
x-3
27. The solution of the inequality 2x − 1 ≤ x2 + 3 ≤ x − 1 is
Train Your Brain
(a) x ∈ R (b) (−2, 2]
(c) (−2, 2) (d) x ∈ f
( x –1) 2 ( x + 4)
Example 11: Solution < 0 is 1+ x 2

(2 – x) 28. Solve for x: -1 £ £1

2x
( x –1) 2 ( x + 4) ( x + 4) ( x - sin1)( x - sin 2)
Sol. <0⇒ >0 29. Solve for x: £0
(2 – x) ( x – 2) ( x - sin 3)( x - sin 4)
30. Solve for x: ( x - 1) ( x - 2) x £ 0
+ +
–4 – 2 31. Solve for x: x - 5 - 9 - x > 1: x Î Z

32. Solve for x: x -1 > 3 - x

⇒ (– ∞, – 4) ∪ (2, ∞).
3
( x + 4) 4 ( x –1)3
Example 12: The solution of > 0 is
( x – 2) LOGARITHM FUNCTION
4/3 3
( x + 4) ( x –1) x –1
Sol. >0⇒ >0 Definition
( x – 2) x–2
The logarithm of the number N to the base ‘a’ is the exponent
indicating the power to which the base ‘a’ must be raised to obtain
+ + the number N.
1 – 2
This number is designated as logaN.
⇒ (– ∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞) Excluding – 4. Hence logaN = x ⇔ ax = N, a > 0, a ≠ 1 and N > 0
Example 13: Find the range of x, so that following If a = 10, then we write log b rather than log10b
expressions are defined. a = e, we write ln b rather than logeb
(a) (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)2 (x – 4)5 (x – 5) > 0 The existence and uniqueness of the number logaN follows
( x - 1)( x - 2) from the properties of an exponential functions.
(b) ³0
( x - 3)
Domain
Sol. (a) Þ x Î (-¥,1) È (2, 3) È (3, 4) È (5, ¥)
The existence and uniqueness of the number loga N can be
determined with the help of set of conditions, a > 0 & a ≠ 1 &
+ + + +
– – N > 0.
1 2 3 4 5

(b) Þ x Î [1, 2] È (3, ¥)

FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITY
– + – + (i) loga1 = 0 (a > 0, a ≠ 1)
1 2 3
(ii) logaa = 1 (a > 0, a ≠ 1)
(iii) log1/a a = –1 (a > 0, a ≠ 1)
Basic Maths 7
Remember ⇒ logaM = x · logab
log102 ≈ 0.3010; log103 ≈ 0.4771 log a M
⇒ = x = logb M
ln 2 ≈ 0.693; ln 10 ≈ 2.303 log a b
Important Results
FUNDAMENTAL 1
LOGARITHMIC IDENTITY (i) Base power formula: log ak M = loga M
k
loga N = N, a > 0, a ≠ 1 & N > 0 Proof:

a
log a M log a M 1
Proof : log ak ( M ) = = = log a M
log a a k k log a a k
logaN = x ... (i) (ii) a logb c = c logb a
N= (a)x ... (ii) Proof: a logb c = a loga c.logb a = (a loga c )logb a = (c)logb a

by equation (i) & (ii)
N = (a)logaN GRAPH OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
If a > 0, a ≠ 1, then the function y = loga x, x ∈ R+ (set of positive real
PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES numbers) is called the logarithmic Function with base a.
Y
Let M & N are arbitrary positive numbers, a > 0, a ≠ 1, y = log2x
y = log4x
and x, y are any real numbers, then: y = log10x +
(i) loga (M · N) = loga M + loga N; Domain : R
X Range : R
O
Proof: Nature : one-one
y = log1/10x
Let logaM = x and logaN = y y = log1/4x
y = log1/2x

⇒M= ax and N = ay
Now, MN = axay = ax+y Note: (i) If the number and the base are on the same side of the
unity, then the logarithm is positive.
⇒
logaMN = x + y
(ii) If the number and the base are on the opposite sides of
In general unity, then the logarithm is negative.
loga(x1 x2 ... xn) = logax1 + loga x2 + ... + loga xn
(ii) loga(M/N) = loga M − loga N
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
Proof: ADVANCED LEARNING
Let logaM = x and logaN = y If a > 0, a ≠ 1 then the function defined by f (x) = ax, x ∈ R is
called an Exponential Function with base a.
⇒ M = ax and N = ay

Y
Now, M/N = ax/ay = ax–y –x –x
y = 4 y = 10 x
x
y = 4 y = 2x

⇒ loga(M/N ) = x – y y =10
–x
y=2 Domain : R

(iii) loga Mα = α·loga M Range : R

+

a>1
BASE CHANGING THEOREM Nature : one-one
0<a<1
It states that ratio of logarithm of two numbers is independent of
their common base O
X
Symbolically
log a M
= logb M (a > 0, M > 0, b > 0)
log a b
LOGARITHMIC EQUATION
Proof: The equality loga x = loga y is possible if and only if x = y
Let logbM = x i.e. loga x = loga y ⇔ x = y
⇒M= bx Always check validity of given equation, (x > 0, y > 0, a > 0,
⇒ logaM = loga bx a ≠ 1)

8 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITY
Let ‘a’ is a real number such that 1
⇒ log2 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)
2
(i) If a > 1, then logax > loga y ⇒ x > y ⇒ log2 (x – 1)1/2 = log2 (x – 3)
⇒ (x – 1)1/2 = (x – 3)
(ii) If a > 1, then logax < α ⇒ 0 < x < aα
⇒ x – 1 = x2 – 6x + 9
(iii) If a > 1, then logax > α ⇒ x > aα ⇒ (x – 2) (x – 5) = 0
⇒ x = 2, 5
(iv) If 0 < a < 1, then logax > loga y ⇒ 0 < x < y
But x – 1 > 0 and x – 3 > 0
(v) If 0 < a < 1, then logax < α ⇒ x > aα x > 1 and x > 3
So only one solution x = 5
Form - I: f (x) > 0, g(x) > 0, g(x) ≠ 1
Example 15: Solve the logarithmic inequality
Form Collection of system 4x + 6
log1/5 ³0.
x
ì f ( x) ³ 1, g ( x) > 1 Sol. Since log1/5 1 = 0, the given inequality can be written as.
(a) logg(x) f (x) ≥ 0 ⇔ í
î 0 < f ( x ) £ 1, 0 < g ( x) < 1 4x + 6
log1/5 ³ log1/5 1
x
ì f ( x) ³ 1, 0 < g ( x) < 1
(b) logg(x) f (x) ≤ 0 ⇔ í When the domain of the function is taken into account
î0 < f ( x) £ 1, g ( x) > 1 the inequality is equivalent to the system of inequalities.
ì 4x + 6
ì
(c) logg(x) f (x) ≥ a ⇔ í
f ( x) ³ g ( x) a , g ( x) > 1 ïï x > 0,
a
î0 < f ( x ) £ g ( x ) , 0 < g ( x ) < 1 í
ï 4x + 6 £ 1
ïî x
ì0 < f ( x ) £ g ( x ) a , g ( x ) > 1
(d) logg(x) f (x) ≤ a ⇔ í a Solving the inequalities by using method of intervals
î f ( x) ³ g ( x) , 0 < g ( x) < 1
–3 ö
From - II: f (x) > 0, g(x) > 0, f(x) > 0, f(x) ≠ 1 x ∈ êé –2, ÷
ë 2 ø
Form Collection of system Example 16: For x ≥ 0, what is the smallest possible value
of the expression log(x3 – 4x2 + x + 26) – log(x + 2)?
ì f ( x) ³ g ( x), f( x) > 1, ( x 3 - 4 x 2 + x + 26)
(a) logφ(x) f (x) ≥ logφ(x) g(x) ⇔ í Sol. log
î0 < f ( x) £ g ( x);0 < f( x) < 1 ( x + 2)
( x 2 - 6 x + 13)( x + 2)
ì 0 < f ( x) £ g ( x), f( x) > 1, = log
(b) logφ(x) f (x) ≤ logφ(x) g(x) ⇔ í ( x + 2)
î f ( x) ³ g ( x) > 0, 0 < f( x) < 1
= log (x2 – 6x + 13)  [ x ≠ – 2]
= log{(x – 3)2 + 4}
COMMON AND NATURAL LOGARITHM ∴ Minimum value is log 4 when x = 3
log10N is referred as a common logarithm and logeN is called 2
as natural logarithm of N to the base Napierian and is popularly Example 17: Given log2a = s, log4b = s2 and log c2 (8) = s 3 + 1 .
written as n N. Note that e is an irrational quantity lying between a 2 b5
Write log2 4 as a function of ‘s’ (a, b, c > 0, c ≠ 1).
2.7 to 2.8 Note that en x = x. c
Sol. Given log2a = s  ...(i)
log2b = 2s2  ...(ii)
Train Your Brain
s3 + 1
log8c2 =  ...(iii)
2
Example 14: How many solutions are there for equation 2 log c s3 + 1
⇒ = ⇒ 4 log2c = 3(s3 + 1) ...(iv)
log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)? 3log 2 2
Sol. log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3) to find 2 log2a + 5 log2b – 4 log2c
⇒ log22 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3) ⇒ 2s + 10s2 – 3(s3 + 1)

Basic Maths 9
 1 40. log2 (a2 – 5) = 2
Example 18: If log 4 M + 4 log 4 N = 1+ log.008 5 then the
4 41. log1/3 (a2 – 1) = –1
value of MN16 = k.21/3, where k is equal to log 2 3 log3 2
42. Prove that : 2 =3
(a) 8 (b) 32
(c) 36 (d) 40 43. If log1227 = a find the value of log616 in term of a.

1 log 2 5 44. Solve for x:

Sol. (b) log 2 M + 2 log 2 N = 1 +
8 log 2 (.008) (i) logx (2) . log2x 2 = log4x 2
log 2 10 - 1 (ii) 5loga x + 5 x loga 5 = 3(a > 0)
Þ log 2 M 1/ 8 + log 2 N 2 = 1 +
3 - 3 log 2 10 (iii) x(log2 x) + 4 = 32
Þ log 2 ( MN ) 1 2
16 1/ 8
= 1- = (iv) logx+1 (x2 + x – 6)2 = 4
3 3
(v) x + log10 (1 + 2x) = x ∙ log10 5 + log10 6
Þ ( MN 16 )
1/ 8
= 22 / 3
45. Prove that loga N ∙ logb N + logb N ∙ logc N +
Þ MN 16 = 216 / 3 = 32(21/ 3 ) log a N × log b N × log c N
logc N ∙ loga N = log abc N
æ b a ö÷
ç log a 4 ab + logb 4 ab - log a 4 + logb 4 × log a b
ç a b÷
46. Prove that: 2 è ø

Concept Application é 2 if b ³ a > 1

= ê loga b
 ë2 if 1 < b < a

33. Solve the inequality log1/3 (5x – 1) > 0.

47. Simplify: log1/3 4 729 × 3 9-1 × 27 -4/3
34. Suppose that a and b are positive real numbers such
7 2
that log27a + log9b = and log27b + log9a = . Find
2 3 ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION /
the value of the ab.
MODULUS FUNCTION
35. If m1 = log8 16, m2 = log81 27, m3 = log1/3 1/9,
This is also known as absolute value function and denoted by
m4 = log1/3 9 3 then m1 . m2 . m3 ∙ m4
36. If p = log 2 3 1728 , q = log2 (cos 45°), r = log2 (log2 4), ì x, x³0
f(x) = |x| i.e. f(x) = í
prt î- x , x < 0
s = log3 (tan 30°), t = log625 125 then =
qs Domain of this function is set of all real numbers because f(x)
exists for all x ∈ R but |x| ≥ 0 so range is all non-negative real
37. If log7 (log3 (log2 x)) = 0, then find log0.125 x.
numbers.
38. Solve for x: f(x)
y
(i) log3 x > 0 (ii) log5 x ≥ 0
(iii) log6 x < 0 (iv) log2 x ≤ 0
(v) log1/7 x > 0 (vi) log1/8 x ≥ 0 x x
O x
(vii) log1/9 x < 0 (viii) log1/e x ≤ 0 y
(ix) log2 (x – 1) > 1 (x) log1/2 (x – 2) ≤ 1
Domain = R; Range = [0, ∞) or R+ ∪ {0}
39. Solve for x:
Properties of modulus: For any a, b ∈ R
(i) log4 (2x – 3) < 2
(i) | a | ≥ 0
(ii) log1/2 (3x – 2) ≥ 3
(ii) | a | = | –a |
(iii) log16 (log4 (x)) > 1
(a) | a |n = | an |
(iv) log1/2 (log1/4 (x)) < 1
(b) | an | = an , where n is even and n ∈ z

10 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 (iii) a ³ a, a ³ -a
Sol. (c)
(iv) ab = a b Case-I: x ≤ 1, 1 – x = 2 – x + 3 – x
a x = 4 (rejected)
a
(v) = Case-II: 1 < x ≤ 2, x – 1 = 2 – x + 3 – x, x = 2
b b
Case-III: 2 < x < 3, x – 1 = x – 2 + 3 – x, x = 2
Note: | f (x) | + | g(x) | = | f (x) + g(x) |
Case-IV: x ≥ 3, x – 1 = x – 2 + x – 3
⇒ f (x) · g(x) ≥ 0 x = 4 ⇒ x = 2, 4

Train Your Brain

Concept Application
Example 19: The absolute value of sum of real solutions of
log2 |x2 + 5x + 4| = log2 3 + log2 |x + 1| is 48. Let x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 ∈ R and | x1 – x2 | = 2, | x2 – x3 | = 4,
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 5 | x3 – x4 | = 3, | x4 – x5 | = 5.
| ( x + 1)( x + 4) |
Then the sum of all distinct possible values of
Sol. (c) log 2 = log 2 3
| x5 – x1 | is
| x + 1|
|x + 4| = 3 49. The number of integers which does NOT satisfy
x + 4 = –3, +3 log|2x| (| x + 2| + | x – 2|) = 1 is
x = –7, –1 (rejected); ⇒ x = –7 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
50. The real solutions of the equation where |x|2 –3 |x|
Example 20: Solve the following linear equation + 2 = 0 where x1 < x2 < x3 < x4 then
(i) x | x | = 4 (a) |x1| = |x3| (b) |x2| = |x3|
(ii) | x – 3 | + 2 | x + 1 | = 4 (c) x1 + x4 = x2 + x3 (d) –x2 + x4 = x1 – x3
Sol. (i) x | x | = 4 51. Solve for x:
(i) ||x – 2| –1| = 2 (ii) ||x – 3| –5| = 1
If x > 0
(iii) |||x – 5| –4| –3| = 2
∴ x2 = 4 ⇒ x = ±2 ∴ x = 2 ( x ≥ 0)
If x < 0
⇒ –x2 = 4 ⇒ x2 = –4 which is not possible
INEQUALITIES INVOLVING
(ii) | x – 3 | + 2 | x + 1 | = 4
ABSOLUTE VALUE
Case-I: If x ≤ – 1
(i) | x | ≤ a (where a > 0)
∴ –(x – 3) –2 (x + 1) = 4
It implies those values of x on real number line which are
⇒ –x + 3 –2 x – 2 = 4 ⇒ –3x + 1 = 4
at distance a or less than a from zero.
⇒ –3x = 3   ⇒ x = –1
–a 0 a
Case-II: If –1 < x ≤ 3
⇒ –a ≤ x ≤ a
∴ –(x – 3) + 2 (x + 1) = 4
e.g. | x | ≤ 2 ⇒ –2 ≤ x ≤ 2
⇒ –x + 3 + 2x + 2 = 4
|x| < 3 ⇒ –3 < x < 3
⇒ x = – 1 which is not possible
In general, |f(x)| ≤ a (where a > 0) ⇒ –a ≤ f (x) ≤ a.
Case-III: If x > 3
(ii) | x | ≥ a (where a > 0)
x – 3 + 2(x + 1) = 4
It implies those values of x on real number line which are
3x – 1 = 4 ⇒ x = 5/3 which is not possible
at distance a or more than a from zero
∴ x = –1
Example 21: Number of real solutions of |x – 1| = |x – 2| –a 0 a
+ |x – 3| is ⇒ x ≤ –a or x ≥ a
(a) 0 (b) 1 e.g. | x | ≥ 3 ⇒ x ≤ –3 or x ≥ 3
(c) 2 (d) more than 2 | x | > 2 ⇒ x < –2 or x > 2
In general, |f(x)| ≥ a ⇒ f(x) ≤ – a or f (x) ≥ a

Basic Maths 11
(iii) a ≤ | x | ≤ b (where a, b > 0)
It implies those value of x on real number line whose
x-3
distance from zero is equal to a or b or lies between a and b 55. Solve £1.
x +1
–b –a 0 a b 56. Solve for x:

⇒ [–b, –a] ∪ [a, b] (i) |x| > 1 (ii) |x| ≥ 5 (iii) |x| < 7
e.g. 2 £ x £ 4 ⇒ x ∈ [–4, –2] ∪ [2, 4] (iv) |x| ≤ 10 (v) |x| ≥ 0 (vi) |x| < –8
(vii) |x| > –4 (viii) |x| ≥ –5 (ix) |x| ≤ –10
(iv) If | x + y | = | x | + | y |, xy ≥ 0
57. Solve for x:
If | x – y | = | x | + | y |, xy ≤ 0
(i) |x – 1| > 1 (ii) |x – 2| < 1
If | x + y | = || x | – | y ||, xy ≤ 0
(iii) 1 < |2x + 1| < 3 (iv) 1 ≤ |1 – 2x| ≤ 3
If | x – y | = || x | – | y ||, xy ≥ 0
(v) –1 ≤ |3x – 1| ≤ 5 (vi) –6 ≤ |1 – 3x| ≤ –1
58. Solve for x:
Train Your Brain (i) ||x – 2| –1| ≤ 2 (ii) ||x – 3| –5| ≥ 1
(iii) |||x – 5| –4| –3| ≤ 2
Example 22: Solve x2 – 4| x | + 3 < 0. 59. Solve for x:
Sol. x2 – 4| x | + 3 < 0
1 3 1
⇒ (| x | – 1) (| x | – 3) < 0 (i) £ | 2 x - 1| £ (ii) - £ | 3 x - 4 | £ 2
⇒1<|x|<3 2 5 3
⇒ – 3 < x < –1 or 1 < x < 3 10
⇒ x Î (-3, -1) È (1,3) (iii) 2 £ | 4 - 5 x | £ (iv) 3 < |x2 – 1| < 8
3
Example 23: Solve 1 ≤ | x – 2 | ≤ 3
Sol. 1 ≤ | x – 2 | ≤ 3 60. Solve for x:
⇒ –3 ≤ x – 2 ≤ – 1 or 1 ≤ x – 2 ≤ 3 (i) |||x + 5| –3| –1| = 2
⇒ –1 ≤ x ≤ 1 or 3 ≤ x ≤ 5 (ii) ||||x – 5| –7| –3| –2| = 1
⇒ x ∈ [–1, 1] ∪ [3, 5]
61. Solve for x:
Example 24: Solve | x –1 | + | x –2| + | x –3| ≥ 6,
Sol. For x ≤ 1, the given inequation becomes (i) 2 ≤ |||x – 7| –3| +2| ≤ 5
1 – x + 2 – x + 3 – x ≥ 6 ⇒ –3x ≥ 0 (ii) ||||x – 5| –7| –3| –2| ≤ 1
⇒ x ≤ 0 and for x ≥ 3, the given equation becomes
62. Solve for x:
x –1 + x –2 + x – 3 ≥ 6 ⇒ 3x ≥ 12 ⇒ x ≥ 4
For 1 < x ≤ 2 (| x | - 1) (| x | - 1)(| x | - 3)
(i) £0 (ii) ³0
we get x – 1 + 2 – x + 3 – x ≥ 6 (| x | - 2) | x |2 - 2 | x |
⇒ –x+4≥6
(| x |2 - 5 | x | + 6)
i.e. – x ≥ 2 ⇒ x ≤ –2 Not possible (iii) £0
For 2 < x < 3, (4 - | x |2 )
We get x – 1 + x – 2 + 3 – x ≥ 6 (iv) (||x – 1| –2| – 3)(|x – 2| –3) ≥ 0
⇒ x ≥ 6 not possible (v) (|||x – 1| –2| –1| –2)(|x – 2|) ≥ 0
Hence solution set is (–∞, 0] ∪ [4, ∞)
i.e. x ≤ 0 or x ≥ 4 63. Solve for x:
x-3 x +1 ( x + 1) 2
(i) £1 (ii) + | x + 1| =
x +1 x |x|

Concept Application 3
(iii) 1 + >2 (iv) |2x – 1| + |4 – 2x| < 3
x
| x + 2|
52. Solve x - 1 - 2 < 5 æ 1 ö 2 - | x|
(v) ç ÷ >9
53. Number of non-positive integral values of ‘x’ satisfying è3ø
the given inequality, |x2 – 1| ≤ |2x – 1| is
64. Solve: ||x2 – 2x + 6| – |x + 6|| = |x2 – 3x|
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
54. Solve |x2 – 2x| + |x – 4| > |x2 – 3x + 4|.

12 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 Aarambh (Solved Examples)
1. The value of 81(1/log53) + 27 log936 + 34/log79 is equal to æ5ö
(a) 49 (b) 625 (c) 216 (d) 890 log52 x + log5x ç ÷ = 1 are
èxø
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
1
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) (d) 3
Sol. 81(
1/ log5 3)
+ 27 log9 36 + 34/ log7 9 25
1
4 log3 5 3. 2 log3 36 4 log9 7  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
=3 +3 +3
5

4
= 3log3 5 + 3log3 36 + 3log3 7
3/2 4/2
Sol. (log5x)2 + log5x =1
x
= 54 + 363/ 2 + 7 2 = 890 ⇒ (log5x)2 + log5x5 – log5xx = 1

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
log 5 5 log 5 x
⇒ (log 5 x ) +
2
2. The largest integral value of x satisfying - =1
log 5 5 + log 5 x log 5 5 + log 5 x
18 x - 5 £ 2(18 x + 12) - 18 x + 5 is
1 log 5 x
(a) 0 (b) 1 ⇒ (log5x)2 +
- =1
1 + log 5 x 1 + log 5 x
(c) 2 (d) no integral value of x possible
Let log5x = t
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
1 t
Sol. Let 18x = p
\ t2 + - =1
1+ t 1+ t
p - 5 + p + 5 £ 2( p + 12)
t 2 (1 + t ) + 1 - t

⇒ p - 5 + p + 5 + 2 p 2 - 25 £ 2 p + 24
Þ =1
1+ t

⇒ p 2 - 25 £ 12 Þ p 2 £ 169 Þ p £ 13 ⇒ t3 + t2 + 1 – t = 1 + t

Also p ≥ 5 t3 + t2 – 2t = 0

Thus 5 ≤ p ≤ 13 ⇒ log185 ≤ x ≤ log1813 t (t2 + t – 2) = 0

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
t (t – 1) (t + 2) = 0
3. Solve if |x – 5| + |x + 4| = 9
t = 0, 1, – 2
(a) [–4, 5] (b) (–4, 5) (c) (–4, 5] (d) [–4, 5)

∴ log5x = 0, 1, –2
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
1
Sol. Given equation is of form |a| + |b| = |a – b|
∴ x = 1, 5,
25
It is true for ab ≤ 0
Therefore, option (a, b, c) is the correct answers.
(x – 5)(x + 4) ≤ 0
So x ∈ [–4, 5] 6. The equation log x2 16 + log2x 64 = 3 has
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. (a) One irrational solution
(e - sin x)( x - 2) (b) No prime solution
4. Solve ³ 0.
( x + 4) (c) Two real solutions
(a) (–∞, –4) ∪ [2, ∞) (b) (–∞, –4] ∪ (2, ∞) (d) One integral solution
(c) (–∞, –4) ∪ (2, ∞) (d) None of these  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) log x 64
4
Sol. Zeros x = 2, Pole x ≠ –4 Sol. log x 2 +
2 log x 2 x
e – sin x > 0 always positive
6 log x 2
(e - sin x)( x - 2) Þ 2 log x 2 + =3
³0 1 + log x 2
( x + 4)
Final solution x ∈ (–∞, –4) ∪ [2, ∞) Let α = logx2
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. 6a

∴ 2α + =3
5. Values of x satisfying the equation 1+ a
⇒ 2α + 2α2 + 6α – 3 – 3α = 0

Basic Maths 13
 ⇒ 2α2 + 5α – 3 = 0
⇒ – x + 5 + x + 5 = 10

⇒ (α + 3) (2α – 1) = 0 ⇒ a = – 3, 1/2 ⇒10 = 10 which is true.
∴ logx2 = – 3 ⇒ x = 2–1/3 (Irrational)
So, the solution is x ∈ (–5, 5)
Case-III: x ≤ – 5, The above equation becomes
1
or logx2 = ⇒ x = 4 (Integer) – (x – 5) – (x + 5) = 10
2
⇒ – x + 5 – x – 5 = 10
Therefore, option (a, b, c, d) is the correct answers. ⇒ – 2x = 10
1 ⇒ x = – 5 which satisfies the above case so, accepted.
7. If ≤ log0.1 x ≤ 2, then
2 ∴ final answer is x ∈ [–5, 5]
1
(a) Maximum value of x is Therefore, option (b, c) is the correct answers.
10
1 10. If logax = b for permissible values of a and x then identify
1
(b) x lies between and the statements(s) which can be correct?
100 10
(a) If a and b are two irrational numbers then x can be
1
(c) Minimum value of x is rational.
10
(b) If a rational and b irrational then x can be rational.
1
(d) Minimum value of x is (c) If a irrational and b rational then x can be rational.
100
(d) If a rational and b rational then x can be rational.
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
1/ 2 2
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
1 æ1ö æ1ö
Sol.
≤ log0.1x ≤ 2 ⇒ ç ÷ ≥ x ≥ ç ÷ Sol. (a) a = ( 2) 2 is irrational
2 è 10 ø è 10 ø
b = 2 is also irrational
Therefore, option (a, b, d) is the correct answers.
( )
2
2
log 3 135 log 3 5 but a b = 2 = 2 which is rational ⇒ (a) is correct.
8. Let N = - . Then N is (b) a = 2 ∈ Q ; b = log2 3 ∉Q
log15 3 log 405 3
ab = 2log23 = 3 ∈ Q ⇒ (b) is correct
(a) a natural number (b) a prime number
Therefore, option (a, b, c, d) is the correct answers.
(c) a rational number (d) an integer
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 11. Match the column:

Sol. = log3135 log315 – log35 log3405 Column-I Column-II

= log3(5 × 33) . log3(5 × 3) – log3 5. log3 (5 × 34) A. The roots of log2(x +e) = p. Positive Number
= (log35 + log333) (log35 + log33) – log35 (log35 + log334) log2x + log2e is a
B. The solution of log1/5 (2x2 q. Rational Number
= (x + 3) (x + 1) – x (x + 4)
+ 5x +1) < 0 contains
{Let log35 = x}
C. log p is r. Irrational Number
= x2 + 4x + 3 – x2 – 4x = 3 sin
p
6
which is Prime, rational Integer and natural number D. log 5.log 20 + log 2 2 s. Negative Number
10 10 10
Therefore, option (a, b, c, d) is the correct answers. simplifies to
9. If |x – 5| + |x + 5| = 10, then
(a) A→(p, r) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, q)
(a) The number of integral solutions is 10 (b) A→(p, q, r, s) ; B→(p, r) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, q)
(b) The number of integral solutions is 11 (c) A→(r, s) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(p, r) ; D→(p, q)
(c) The sum of all the integral solutions is 0 (d) A→(p, q) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, r)
(d) All the solutions of the equation are rational numbers  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) Sol. (A) x + e = xe
Sol. |x – 5| + |x + 5| = 10
x(e – 1) = e ⇒ x =
e
Case-I: x ≥ 5, the equation becomes e -1
(x – 5) + (x + 5) = 10 (B) 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 1 and 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 0
⇒ 2x = 10 ⇒ 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 1
⇒ x = 5 which satisfies the case, therefore accepted. ⇒ (x)(2x + 5) > 0
Case-II: – 5 < x < 5 The above equation becomes æ -5 ö
⇒ x Î ç -¥, ÷ È (0, ¥)
– (x – 5) + (x + 5) = 10 è 2 ø

14 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 2
(D) (1 - log10 2)(1 + log10 2) + log10 2 x x 4
= 1, = .
2 2 y y 9
⇒ 1 - log 2 + log 10 2 = 1
10

Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. x = y disregarded as for x = y, 2y – 3x is negative.

y 9
12. Let y = log 2 3·log 2 12·log 2 48·log 2 192 + 16 Hence = .
x 4
– log212·log248 + 10.
Therefore, 2.25 is the correct answer.
Find y ∈ N.
14. Sum of all the solutions of the equation
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
log6(x2 – 1) – log 6 ( x - 6) 2 = log6(x + 1)2 is a + b ,(a, b ∈ N).
Sol. y = log 2 3·log 2 12·log 2 48·log 2 192 + 16
Then a + b is equal to
– log212 · log248 + 10
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
= log 2 3 · (2 + log 2 3)(4 + log 2 3)(6 + log 2 3) + 16 -
Sol. log6(x2 – 1) – log 6 ( x - 6) 2 = log 6 ( x + 1) 2

(2 + log 2 3)(4 + log 2 3) + 10
( x - 1)( x + 1)
Let us put log23 = x ⇒ log 6
= log 6 | x - 6 |
( x + 1) 2
= x (2 + x )(4 + x )(6 + x ) + 16 - (2 + x )(4 + x ) + 10 é ( x - 1) ù

⇒ log 6 ê ú = log 6 | x - 6 |
= (x 2
+ 6 x )(x 2 + 6 x + 8 ) + 16 - (x 2 + 6 x + 8 )+ 10 ë ( x + 1) û
x -1
Put again x2 + 6x = α
⇒ =| x - 6 |
x +1
= a (a + 8 ) + 16 - (a + 8 ) + 10

Case-I: x ≥ 6
= a 2 + 8a + 16 - (a + 8 ) + 10
⇒ x – 1 = x2 – 5x – 6
⇒ x2 – 6x – 5 = 0
= (a + 4 ) - (a + 8 ) + 10
2
⇒ (x – 3)2 = 14
= (a + 4 ) - (a + 8 ) + 10 = y = 6.
⇒ x = 3 ± 14
Therefore, 6 is the correct answer. x = 3 – 14 < 1 rejected
13. If ‘x’ and ‘y’ are real numbers such that,
x=3+ 14 accepted
y Case-II: x < 6

2 log(2y – 3x) = log x + log y, find .
x x – 1 = –(x2 – 5x – 6)
(truncated upto two decimal)
⇒ x2 – 4x – 7 = 0
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(x – 2)2 = 11
Sol. log(2y – 3x)2 = log xy
x = 2 ± 11
⇒ (2y – 3x)2 = xy
⇒ 4y2 – 12xy + 9x2 = xy
x = 2 + 11 (accepted)
Dividing the equation by y2
x = 2 - 11 (accepted)
2
æxö x Sum of roots = 7 + 14

9 ç ÷ - 13 + 4 = 0
è yø y ⇒ a = 7, b = 14
æx ö æ 9x ö a + b = 21

ç - 1÷ ç - 4÷ = 0
èy øè y ø Therefore, 21 is the correct answer.

“FIVE-MINUTE MEDITATION”
BEFORE STUDY SESSIONS

™ Before starting a study session, set aside five minutes

for a brief meditation. Sit in a quiet space, close your eyes,
and focus on your breathing, gently clearing your mind of
any worries or distractions.
™ This helps center your thoughts and prepares you to
focus better during your study session.
™ Before you open your books, sit still, take deep
breaths, and focus on the sensation of air moving in and
out of your body for 5 minutes.

Basic Maths 15
 Prarambh (Topicwise)
BASIC CONCEPTS AND NUMBER SYSTEM 1
(a) abc (b) (c) 0 (d) 1
1. The number of real roots of the equation abc
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(x − 1)2 + (x − 2)2 + (x − 3)2 = 0 is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
10. log 7 log 7 7( 7 7 ) =
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(a) 3 log2 7 (b) 1 – 3 log37
2. If x – a is a factor of x3 – a2x + x + 2, then ‘a’ is equal to
(c) 1 – 3log72 (d) 1 – 10 log27
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) –2 (d) 1
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
3. If x, y are integral solutions of 2x2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7, then value 1 1 1
11. + + has the value equal to
of |x + y| is log bc
abc log ca
abc log ab
abc
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2 or 4 or 6 (a) 1/2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
4. If a, b, c are real, then a(a – b) + b(b – c) + c(c – a) = 0, only if 1
12. If logx log 18 ( 2 + 8) = . Then the value of 1000 x is
(a) a + b + c = 0 (b) a = b = c 3
equal to
(c) a = b or b = c or c = a (d) a – b – c = 0 (a) 8 (b) 1/8 (c) 1/125 (d) 125
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
5. If 2x3– 5x2
+ x + 2 = (x – 2) (ax2 – bx – 1), then a & b are 13. Number of real solutions of the equation
respectively
log10 (- x ) = log10 x 2 is:
(a) 2, 1 (b) 2, – 1 (c) 1, 2 (d) –1, 1/2
(a) none (b) exactly 1
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) exactly 2 (d) 4
1 1 1 1 1  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
6. If L = + + + +
7- 8 7- 6 3- 8 5+2 5- 6 14. Greatest integer less than or equal to the number
= 1 + 2 a + 2 b , then a × b is equal to log2 15.log1/6 2.log3 1/6 is
(a) 30 (b) 45 (c) 8 (d) 0 (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
log 1 a
2 3
7. If a, b, c are real and distinct numbers, then the value of 2 - 3log27 ( a +1) - 2a
24

15. The ratio simplifies to

(a - b)3 + (b - c)3 + (c - a )3 7 4 log49 a - a - 1
is
(a - b)(b - c)(c - a ) (a) a2 – a – 1 (b) a2 + a – 1
(a) 1 (b) a b c (c) a2 – a + 1 (d) a2 + a + 1
(c) 2 (d) 3  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 16. If 32 log3 x – 2x – 3 = 0, then the number of values of ‘x’
8. The remainder obtained when the polynomial satisfying the equation is
1 + x + x 3 + x 9 + x 27 + x81 + x 243 is divided by x – 1 is (a) zero (b) 1
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 11 (c) 2 (d) More than 2
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
17. The sum of all the solutions to the equation
LOGARITHM AND ITS PRINCIPLE 2logx – log (2x – 75) = 2:
PROPERTIES (a) 30 (b) 350 (c) 75 (d) 200
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
1 1 1
9. 1 + log a + log c + 1 + log a + log b + 1 + log b + log c
b b c c a a
INEQUALITIES
has the value equal to 2
18. If the solution set of the inequality log 0.9
log 5 ( x + 5 + x )

16 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 > 0 contains ‘n’ integral values, then n equals to  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 10
19. If log0.5 log5 (x2 – 4) > log0.51, then ‘x’ lies in the interval MISCELLANEOUS
(a) (-3, - 5 )È ( 5, 3) 26. Simplify: 7 log3 5 + 3log5 7 - 5log3 7 - 7 log5 3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
(b) (-3, - 5 )È ( 5, 3 5 )  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) ( 5, 3 5 ) 27. The expression x2 – y2 – z2 + 2yz + x + y – z has a factor
(d) φ (a) x + y + z + 1 (b) –x + y + z
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) x + y – z + 1 (d) x – y + z + 1
20. Solution set of the inequality 2 − log2 (x2 + 3x) ≥ 0 is:  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(a) [− 4, 1] (b) [− 4, − 3) ∪ (0, 1] 3x 4 + x 2 - 2 x - 3 5 x 4 + 2 x 2 - 7 x + 3
28. Solve the equation =
(c) (− ∞, − 3) ∪ (1, ∞) (d) (− ∞, − 4) ∪ [1, ∞) 3x 4 - x 2 + 2 x + 3 5 x 4 - 2 x 2 + 7 x - 3
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(a) x = 5, 2 (b) x = 4, 1

MODULUS FUNCTION (c) x = 3, 8 (d) x = 1, 5

 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
21. Solutions of |4x + 3| + |3x – 4| = 12 are
29. If x, y, z are positive real number and a, b, c are rational
7 3 5 2
(a) x = - , (b) x = - , 1 1
3 7 2 5 numbers, then the value of b-a c-a
+ +
1+ x + x 1 + x + x c -b
a -b

11 13 3 7 1
(c) x = - , (d) x = - , is
7 7 7 5 1 + xb -c + x a -c
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
|x2
22. If – 2x – 8| + |x2 + x – 2| = 3 |x + 2|, then the set of all real  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
values of x is x y z
30. If a = b , b = c and c = a then the value of xyz is
3

(a) [1, 4] ∪ {–2} (b) [1, 4]

1 1 1 1
(c) [–2, 1] ∪ [4,∞) (d) (–∞, –2] ∪ [1, 4] (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 12
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
23. The complete set of real ‘x’ satisfying ||x – 1| – 1| ≤ 1 is:
(a) [0, 2] (b) [− 1, 3] (c) [− 1, 1] (d) [1, 3] log a log b log c
31. If = = , then aa . bb . cc =
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) b-c c-a a -b

24. The number of real roots of the equation |x|2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0 is (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 32. The number of prime numbers satisfying the inequality
2 x2 - 1
25. Number of real solution (x) of the equation | x - 3 |3 x -10 x + 3
< 3 is
2x + 5
= 1 is
(a) exactly four (b) exactly three (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) exactly two (d) exactly one  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)

Basic Maths 17
 Prabal (JEE Main Level)
9. The set of real values of x satisfying
( )
3 x
x x
1. If x = x. x , then x =
3

log1/ 2 (x 2 - 6 x + 12 ) ³ -2 is
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2
(a) (-¥, 2] (b) [2, 4] (c) [4, +¥ ) (d) [3, 8]
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(x2 + 2 ) (x2 + 2 ) 10. If log0.04(x – 1) ≥ log0.2(x – 1) then x belongs to the interval
2. The equation 4 - 9.2 + 8 = 0 has the solution
(a) (1, 2] (b) (–∞, 2] (c) [2, ∞) (d) (–∞, 2)
(a) x = ± 1 (b) x = 10
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) x = ± 2 (d) x = 3 11. If log0.3(x – 1) < log0.09(x – 1), then x lies in the interval
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (a) (2, ∞) (b) (– 2, –1) (c) (1, 2) (d) (–2, 2)
3. If x = loga(bc), y = logb(ca), z = logc(ab), then which of the  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
following is equal to 1 12. The minimum value of f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| is
(a) x + y + z equal to
(b) (1 + x)–1 + (1 + y)–1 + (1 + z)–1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
(c) xyz  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(d) x + y – z 13. The set of real value(s) of p for which the equation
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) | 2x + 3 | + | 2x – 3 | = px + 6 has more than two solutions is:
(a) [0, 4) (b) (– 4, 4)
4. The solution of the equation log7 log5 (x 2
)
+ 5 + x = 0. (c) R – {4, – 4, 0} (d) {0}
(a) x = 2 (b) x = 3  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) x = 4 (d) x = – 2 14. Let 3a = 4, 4b = 5, 5c = 6, 6d = 7, 7e = 8 and 8f = 9. The value
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) of the product (abcdef) is:
5. The value of (0.05 ) log 20 (
0.1+ 0.01+ 0.001+ ........)
is (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 3

1 1  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)

(a) 81 (b) (c) 20 (d)
81 20 15. There are two positive solutions to the equation
3
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) log2x2 + log4 2x = - . The product of these two solution is:
2
1
.2 1 1 1 1
9998
..
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6. The value of log 2 .log 3 ....log100 100 is 32 8 2 21
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 100  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)

 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 16. Number of values of x satisfying the equation

x 4 = | x |log 2 ( x +12 )
2
7. The number of solution of log2(x + 5) = 6 – x is is:
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
8. Exhaustive set of values of x satisfying a b c
log|x| (x2 + x + 1) ≥ 0 is 17. If a, b, c ∈ R and a, b, c ≠ 0 such that + + = 6 and
b c a
(a) (–1, 0) (b) (–∞, –1) ∪ (1, ∞) b c a a 3 b3 c 3
+ + = 8 then 3 + 3 + 3 - 3 is equal to
(c) (–∞, ∞) – {–1, 0, 1} (d) (–∞, –1) ∪ (–1, 0) ∪ (1, ∞) a b c b c a

 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (a) 81 (b) 48 (c) 72 (d) 84

 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
18 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW
 18. The value of x + y + z satisfying the system of equations (c) x ∈ (−3, −1] (d) (–3, –1) ∪ [1, ∞)
log2 x + log4 y + log4 z = 2 is  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
log3 y + log9 z + log9 x = 2 28. The number of the integral solutions of
log4 z + log16 x + log16 y = 2 x2 + 9 < (x + 3)2 < 8x + 25 is:
175 349 353 112 (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 24 24 3  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 29. Number of non-negative integral values of x satisfying the
2 1 2x -1
inequality 2 - - ³ 0 is
19. The smallest integral value of x such that x + 2 - x - 2 <
1 x - x + 1 x + 1 x3 + 1
is
10 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 400 (b) 20 (c) 401 (d) 399  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 1
log p (log q (log r x )) 30. The solution set of inequality log (3 x2 +1) 2 <
20. 10 = 1 and logq (logr (logp x)) = 0 then ‘p’ equals 2
(a) rq/r (b) rq (c) 1 (d) rr/q (a) |x| > 1 (b) |x| < 1
(c) f (d) None of these
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
2
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
21. The set of all solutions of the inequality (1/ 2) x - 2 x < 1/ 4
contains the set æ 1 ö
31. The solution set of log 4 + ç1 + ÷ log 3 = log ((3)1/ x + 27 )
(a) (–∞, 0) (b) (–∞, 1) (c) (1, ∞) (d) (3, ∞) è 2x ø
(a) (1/4, 1/2) (b) {1/4, 1/2}
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) (1/4, 1/2] (d) None of these
22. The value of b satisfying the equation,
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
loge2 ∙ logb625 = log1016 ∙ loge10 is
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 10 æ 2x - 6 ö
32. The solution set of log 7 ç ÷>0
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) è 2x -1 ø
23. The solution set of the system of equation æ 1ö æ 1ù
(a) ç -¥, ÷ (b) ç -¥, ú
2 è 2ø è 2û
log3x + log3y = 2 + log32 and log27(x + y) = is:
3 æ 1 1ù
(c) ç - , ú (d) None of these
(a) {6, 3} (b) {9, 6} (c) {6, 12} (d) {12, 6} è 2 2û
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
24. Which of the following statements are true?
33. If logx–3(2x – 3) is a meaningful quantity then find the
(a) log23 < log1210 (b) log65 < log78 interval in which x must lie.
(c) log326 > log29 (d) log1615 > log1011 > log76 (a) x ∈ (3, 4] ∪ (4, ∞) (b) x ∈ [3, 4) ∪ (4, ∞)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (c) x ∈ (3, 4) ∪ (4, ∞) (d) None of these
25. The number of real solution/s of the equation  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
9log3(logex) = loge x – (loge x)2 + 1 is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
26. The set of all the solutions of the inequality log1–x (x – 2) ≥ –1 34. If log2 (log3 (log4 (x))) = 0 and log3 (log4 (log2 (y))) = 0 and
is log4 (log2 (log3 (z))) = 0 then the sum of x, y and z is
(a) (–∞, 0) (b) (2, ∞)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) (–∞, 1) (d) f 35. Let log2 x + log4 x + log8 x = logk x for all x ∈ R+. If k = b a
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) where a, b ∈ N then find the smallest positive value of
(a + b).
x2 - 1
27. The complete solution of ³ 0 & x 2 - 5 x + 2 £ 0 is:  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
x+3
é 5 - 17 5 + 17 ù é 5 + 17 ù 36. Find the value of the expression
(a) x Î ê , ú (b) x Î ê1, ú
êë 2 2 úû êë 2 úû æ 2 3 ö
6ç + 6 ÷
.
è log 4 (2000) log 5 (2000) ø
6

Basic Maths 19
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 1
3
42. If x = 7 + 5 2 - , then the value of x3 + 3x – 14
3
37. If N = 7
log 49 900
,A=2 log 2 4 log 2 4
+3 +4 log 2 2
-4 log 2 3
7+5 2

D = (log5 49)(log7 125) is equal to
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
Find P = log æ Nö
| N + A + D + 6 | - log 5 2,
ç A- ÷
è 10 ø -1/3 1/ 4
é ì 1 -2 ü ù
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 43. If ê ïíæç 2 ö÷ ïý ú = 7 x then –3x =
ê ïîè 7 ø ïþ ú
ë û
38. If a + b + c = 1, a2 + b2 + c2 = 9, a3 + b3 + c3 = 1, then find  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
1 1 1
value of + + .
a b c
44. Number of cyphers after decimal before a significant figure
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) -100
æ5ö
starts in ç ÷ is equal to [Use: log102 = 0.3010]
39. If a + b + c = 10 and ab + bc + ac = 20 then find the value è4ø
of a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
45. Number of real solution of log5 [2 + log3 (x + 3)] = 0 is
40. If (a – b)3 + (b – c)3 + (c – a)3 = p(a – b)(b – c)(c – a), then p =
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
46. If 4A + 9B = 10C, where A = log164, B = log39 & C = logx83,
41. The value of 5 5 5 5......... is then find x.
(Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)


Parikshit (JEE Advanced Level)

SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
2 5. Number of values of x in the interval (0, 5) satisfying the
1. The solution set of the inequality log æ p ö ( x - 3 x + 2) ³ 2
sin ç ÷
is 3
è ø ln( x 2 + 1 + x ) + ln( x 2 + 1 - x )
equation = x, is
1 æ 5 ö ln x
(a) æç , 2 ö÷ (b) ç1, ÷
è2 ø è 2ø (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
é1 ö æ 5ù  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) ê ,1÷ È ç 2, ú (d) (1, 2)
ë2 ø è 2û
6. The number of positive integers not satisfying the inequality
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) log2(4x – 2.2x + 17) > 5.
2. If log 4 {log 3 {log 2 ( x - 2 x + a )}} is defined ∀ x ∈ R, then
2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
the set of values of ‘a’ is  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(a) [9, ∞) (b) [10, ∞) (c) [15, ∞) (d) [2, ∞) 7. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
a log3 7 = 27; b log7 11 = 49 and c log11 25 = 11.
(16)1/ x
3. Number of integers, which satisfy the inequality, x+3 > 1
(2 )
( 2 2
The value of a (log3 7) + b (log7 11) + c (log11 25)
2
) equals
is equal to:
(a) 489 (b) 469 (c) 464 (d) 400
(a) Infinite (b) Zero (c) 1 (d) 4
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 8. Find the value of x that satisfies the equation
æ x1/ x ö 1
(3x - 4 x ) × ln( x + 2) log ç 1/( x+1) ÷ =
4. The solution set of inequality £ 0 is è x ø 5050
x 2 - 3x - 4 (a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 1000
(a) (−∞, 0] ∪ (4, ∞) (b) (−2, 0] ∪ (4, ∞)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) (−1, 0] ∪ (4, ∞) (d) (−2, −1) ∪ (−1, 0] ∪ (4, ∞)

20 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 9. Sum of all the real solutions of the inequality 1 3

( x + 2)( x - 16)
2 2 81 log5 9
+3 æ
log 6 3 2
ö
£ 0 is (a) ç ( 7) log25 7 - (125)log25 6 ÷ = 1
( x 4 + 2)( x 2 - 9) 409 ç ÷
è ø
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 0 log1/5
1
æ 4 ö æ 1 ö
(b) 5 2
+ log 2 ç ÷ + log1/ 2 çç ÷÷ = 6
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) è 7+ 3ø è (10 + 2 21) ø
10. The set of values of x satisfying simultaneously the 1
2 + log(16)
(c) 10 = 20
2
( x - 8)(2 - x)
inequalities ³ 0 and 2x−3 − 31 > 0 is: (d) None of these
æ 10 ö
log 0.3 ç (log 2 5 - 1) ÷  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
è 7 ø
(a) singleton set 16. Choose the correct from the following
(b) an empty set æ1 ö
(a) log2 (log1/2 (x)) < 2, for all x Î ç , 1÷
(c) an infinite set è 16 ø
(d) a set consisting of exactly two elements. (b) log1/2 (log3 (x)) > 3, for all x ∈ (1, 31/8)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (c) (log2 (x) – 1)(log3 (x) – 2) ≤ 0, for all x ∈ [2, 9]
11. If |x – 3|2 – 6 |x – 3| – 23 < 4, then æ 1ù
(d) (log2 (x) – 1)(log1/2 (x) – 2) ≤ 0, for all x Î ç 0, ú È [2, ¥ )
(a) x ∈ (–12, 6) è 4û
(b) 17 integers satisfy the inequality  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) 11 non-negative integers satisfy the inequality
(d) 6 negative integers satisfy the inequality 17. The solution set of the system of equations log3x + log3y
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 2
= 2 + log32 and log27(x + y) = is
3
MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS (a) (6, 3) (b) (3, 6) (c) (6, 12) (d) (12, 6)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
12. Indicate all correct alternatives, where base of the log is 2.
3 5 18. Consider the quadratic equation,
(log 2 x )2 + log 2 x -
The equation x 4 4 = 2 has:
(log108)x2 – (log105)x = 2(log210)−1 − x. Which of the
(a) At least one real solution following quantities are irrational.
(b) Exactly three real solutions (a) sum of the roots
(c) Exactly one irrational solution (b) product of the roots
(c) sum of the coefficients
(d) Imaginary roots
(d) discriminant
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
é 2 9 ù
ê(log3 x ) - log3 x + 5ú
13. The equation x ë 2 û
= 3 3 has COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
(a) Exactly three real solution Comprehension (Q. No. 19 to 21): Let α and β are the solutions
(b) At least one real solution
of the equation ( x )
log5 x -1
= 5 where α ∈ I and β ∈ Q Then
(c) Exactly one irrational solution
[Use: log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771]
(d) Complex roots
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 19. The number of significant digits before decimal in (α)10 is
(a) 13 (b) 14
14. Solution set of the inequality
2
(c) 15 (d) None of these
æ x ö 3
32
(log 2 x ) - ç log1 2 ÷ + 9 log 2 æç 2 ö÷ < 4 (log1 2 x ) is  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
4 2

8 x
è ø is 20. Number of zeros after decimal before a significant digit in
(a, b) ∪ (c, èd) then theø correct statement
(β)10 is
(a) a = 2b and d = 2c (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 6
(b) b = 2a and d = 2c
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(c) logcd = logba log 25 9
21. The value of (b) is
(d) there are 4 integers in (c, d)
1 1
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (a) (b) 5 (c) (d) 9
3 5
15. Choose the correct from the following  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)

Basic Maths 21
MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS
22. Match the Column:
A.
If a = 3 ( 8+ 2 7 - 8-2 7 , ) p. −1

Column-I Column-II b = (42)(30) + 36 then the value of

A. The value(s) of x, which does not p. 2 logab is equal to
satisfy the equation log22 (x2 – x) – 4
B. q. 1
log2(x – 1) log2x = 1, is (are) If a = 4 + 2 3 - 4 - 2 3 ,
B. The value of x satisfying the equation q. 3 b = (42)(30) + 36 then the value of
log7 10log10 (8 x -3)
ln 5log5 7
2log2 e = 13, is logab is equal to
C. æ 1 1 ö r. 4 C. r. 2
The number N= ç + ÷ is If a = 3 + 2 2 , b = 3 - 2 2 then the
è log 2 p log 6 p ø
less than value of logab is equal to
D. Let l = (log34 + log29)2 – (log34 – s. 5 D. s. 2 + 2log23
log3 8 log 65 5 If a = 7 + 72 - 1 , b = 7 - 72 - 1 ,
log2 and m = (0.8) (1 + 9
9)2 )
then (l + m) is divisible by then the value of logab is equal to
t. 6 (a) A → s, B → p, C → q, D → p
(a) A → r, t, s; B → q; C → r, s, q; D → q, r (b) A → r, B → p, C → r, D → p
(b) A → q, r, s, t; B → p; C → q, r; D → r, s (c) A → r, B → s, C → p, D → p
(c) A → q, r, s, t; B → p; C → q, r, s, t; D → p, r, s (d) A → p, B → q, C → p, D → r
(d) A → t; B → s; C → q, t; D → r, s
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
25. Match the columns:
23. Match the column:
Column-I Column-II Column-I Column-II
A. logsin 30° (cos 60°) + 1 p. 3
3 2+2 3
A. If p = then log (5+ 2 p is p. 0
B. log 4/3 (1.3) + 3 q. 5 3 2 -2 3 6)

C. log 2 - 3 (2 + 3) + 6 r. 4 3 5+ 3
B. If r = then log 9 + 2 15
(1/ r ) is q. 2
D. logtan 20° tan 70° + 4 s. 2 5- 3

E. logcot 40° tan 50° t. 0 C. r. –1

3+ 6
F. log0.125 (8) + 8 u. –1 If t = then
5 3 - 2 12 - 32 + 50
G. log1.5 (0.6) + 9 v. 8 2
log 3 t is
H. log 2.25 (0.4) w. 7 D. s. 1
3 2 4 3 6
I. x. 1 If k = - +
log10 (0.9) 3+ 6 6+ 2 2+ 3
(a) A → q, B → p, C → s, D → v, E → u, F → u, G → q, then loge (k + 1) is
H → w, I → x (a) A → t, B → s, C → r, D → q
(b) A → s, B → r, C → q, D → p, E → x, F → w, G → v, (b) A → s, B → r, C → q, D → p
H → u, I → t
(c) A → r, B → p; C → r, D → s
(c) A → s, B → v, C → t, D → p, E → t, F → u, G → w,
(d) A → t, B → q, C → s, D → r
H → x, I → w
(d) A → q, B → s, C → r, D → v, E → u, F → v, G → v,  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
H → w, I → x 26. Match the values of x given in Column-II satisfying the
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) exponential equation given in Column-I (Do not verify).
Remember that for a > 0, the terms ax is always greater than
24. Match the following columns:
zero ∀ x ∈ R.
Column-I Column-II Column-I Column-II

22 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 3x+6
A. 25 p. –3 log 1 log 2
æ -1 ö
x2 + 2
x
5 - 24 = x 33. If the solution set of (0.3) 3
> 1 is ç , a ÷ then a =
5 èa ø
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
B. (2x+1)(5x) = 200 q. –2
C. 42/x – 5(41/x) + 4 = 0 r. –1 æ x2 + x ö
34. If the solution set of log 0.5 ç log 6 ÷ < 0 is
D. 22x+1 – 33(2x–1) + 4 = 0 s. 0 (a, b) ∪ (–2a, ∞) then –a è+ b = x + 4 ø
E. 2 x -1 × 4 x +1 t. 1  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
= 16
8 x -1
| x 2 - 4 x | +3
F. 32x+1
+ 10 +3=0 (3x) u. 2 35. If the solution set of log 3 2 ³ 0 is
æ aù é1 ù x + | x-5|
G. 64(9x) – 84(12x) + 27(16x) = 0 v. 3 ç -¥, - ú È ê , a ú , then ab =
è b û ëa û
H. 52x – 7x – 52x(35) + 7x(35) = 0 w. None
(a) A → u, B → u, C → t, D → q, v, E → p,q,r,s,t,u,v  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
F → w, G → t,u, H → s 36. For the equation
(b) A → q, B → t, C → u, D → v, E →t,u,v F → w,
2
(0.4)log x +1 = (6.25) 2 - p log x
G → t,H → q (base 10)
(c) A → p, B → u, C → s, D → q, E → p,q, F → s, G → u, If p = 2, let number of real roots be m,
H→q
If p = 3, let number of real roots be n,
(d) A → q, B → s, C → r, D → s, E →q,r, F → q, G → u, Then m + n =
H→q
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
37. If p is the smallest value of x satisfying the equation
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS 15
2x + x = 8 then the value of 4 p is equal to
2
27. Find the number of integral solution of the equation
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
log x (x + | x - 2 |) = logx(5x – 6 + 5|x – 2|).
38. Positive numbers x, y and z satisfy xyz = 1081 and (log10x)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(log10yz) + (log10y)(log10z) = 468.
28. If a, b are co‑prime numbers and satisfying Find the value of
(log10 x ) + (log10 y ) + (log10 z )
1 1 2 2 2
+
(
log a 2 - 3 ) æ 3 -1 ö
logb çç ÷÷
1
(2 + 3 )
è 3 +1 ø
=, then (a + b) is equal to  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
12
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 39. If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are the solution of the system of
equation
29. The sum of all integral values of x satisfying the equation log225(x) + log64(y) = 4
4 logx(225) – logy(64) = 1,
2log8(2x) + log8(x2 – 2x + 1) = is.
3 then find the value of log30(x1y1x2y2).
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
1
30. If the complete solution set of the inequality 40. Suppose n be an integer greater than 1. Let an = .
é1 ö Suppose b = a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 and c = a10 + a11 +n 2002
log a12 +
(log10x)2 ≥ log10x + 2 is (0, a] ∪ ê 2 , ¥ ÷ then find the
ëa ø a13 + a14. Then find the value of (c – b).
value of 10a.
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
41. If logb a. logc a + loga b. logc b + loga c. logb c = 3 (where
31. If complete solution set of inequality a, b, c are different positive real numbers ≠ 1), then find the
log1/2 (x + 5)2 > log1/2 (3x − 1)2 is (−∞, p) ∪ (q, r) ∪ (s, value of a b c.
æ p2 + q2 + r 2 ö  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
∞) then find 3 ç ÷
è s2 ø 42. If the product of alll solutions of the equation
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (2009) x
= (2009)log x ( 2010) can be expressed in the lowest
2 2010 m
32. Solve the equation x 0.5 log x ( x -x )
= 3log9 4. form as then the value of (m − n) is
n
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)

Basic Maths 23
 PYQ's (Past Year Questions)
INEQUALITIES = log2 (x – 3) is [26 Feb, 2021 (Shift-I)]

1. Let the point (p, p + 1) lie inside the region  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)

E= {(x, y ): 3 - x £ y £ }
9 - x 2 ,0 £ x £ 3 .If the set of all æ pö
7. If for x Î ç 0, ÷ log10 sin x + log10 cos x = –1 and
è 2ø
values of p is the interval (a, b). then b2 + b – a2 is equal 1
to _________ [6 April, 2023 (Shift-I)] log10(sin x + cos x) = (log10 n - 1), n > 0 , then the value of
2
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) n is equal to: [16 March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
2. The missing value in the following figure is (a) 16 (b) 12 (c) 9 (d) 20
 [18 Mar, 2021 (Shift-I)]
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
8. The inverse of y = 5log x is: [17 March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
2 3 1

(a) x = ylog 5 (b) x = y log5

1 5
1 ? 1

4
24
3
6 (c) x = elog5 y (d) x = 5 log y
12 4
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
8 7
9. The sum of the roots of the equation,
[31 Aug, 2021 [Shift-II]
Use the logic which gives answer in single digit.
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) ( ) (
x + 1 - 2log 2 3 + 2 x + 2log 4 10 - 2- x = 0 , is:
)
3. The number of real roots of the equation 5 + |2x – 1| = 2x (a) log2 12 (b) log2 13
(2x – 2) is [10 April, 2019 (Shift-II)]
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1 (c) log2 11 (d) log2 14
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)

LOGARITHM 10. The number of solutions of the equation log(x+1) (2x2 + 7x + 5)

+ log(2x+5) (x+1)2 – 4 = 0, x > 0, is.
4. The number of integral solutions x of
2  [20 July, 2021 (Shift-II)]
æ x-7 ö [11 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
log æ 7ö ç ÷ ³ 0 is  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
ç x + ÷ è 2x - 3 ø
è 2ø
11. The number of distinct solutions of the equation, log1/2|sin
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 7 x| = 2 – log1/2 |cos x| in the interval [0, 2p], is __________
 [9 Jan, 2020 (Shift-I)]
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
5. If the sum of all the roots of the equation e2x – 11ex – 45e–x 12. Let m be the minimum possible value of log3 (3y1 + 3y2 + 3y3),
81 where y1, y2, y3 are real numbers for which y1 + y2 + y3 = 9.
+ = 0 is loge p, then p is equal to _________ . Let M be the maximum possible value of (log3x1 + log3x2 +
2
 [27 June, 2022 (Shift-I)] log3x3), where x1, x2, x3 are positive real numbers for which
x1 + x2 + x3 = 9. Then the value of log2 (m3) + log3(M2) is
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
_____. [JEE Adv, 2020]
6. The number of solutions of the equation log 4 (x – 1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)

24 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 PW Challengers

1. If log4(x + 2y) + log4(x – 2y) = 1, then the minimum value of

| x | – | y | is ____. A. Number of integral pair of the form p. 16
1 1 1
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (x, y) satisfying + =
x y 20
is/are equal to
3 5
2. Let a,b,c,d be positive integers and loga b = , log c d = . If
2 4 B. Number of positive integral q. 2
a – c = 9, then b – d =
solutions of the equation 3x + 5y =
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 1008 is/are equal to
3. Let x ∈ N such that 21+[log2(x – 2)] – x = 20. ([ . ] is G.I.F.) C. Number of integers n such that r. 0
The smallest value of x, is 3n - 5
is also an integer, is/are
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) n +1
equal to
11p ö
4. If 4 + 8 - 32 + 768 = a 2 cos æç ÷ , where a and b are D. Number of integers n (positive, s. 67
natural numbers then find a + b. è b ø negative or 0) such that n2 + 73 is
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) divisible by (n + 73), is/are equal to
5. Let r1, r2, r3...rn be n positive integers, not necessarily t. 3
distinct, such that (x + r1) (x + r2) (x + r1)... (x + rn) (a) A → t; B → s; C → q; D → p
= xn + 56xn–1 ... + 2009 then the value of n is equal to (b) A → r; B → p; C → q; D → s
(c) A → q; B → p; C → r; D → s
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) (d) A → s; B → p; C → q; D → p
6. If (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1) = 1  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
(a + 2)(b + 2)(c + 2)(d + 2) = 2
(a + 3)(b + 3)(c + 3)(d + 3) = 3 11. 3
20 + 14 2 + 3 20 - 14 2 = a then find the absolute value
(a + 4)(b +4)(c + 4)(d + 4) = 4 of a – 2023.
Then the value of (a + 5)(b + 5)(c + 5)(d + 5) is equal to.  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) 12. If the sum of all real numbers x and y such that the following
system of inequalities holds:
7. Find sum of all possible natural numbers ‘n’ for which ì -x -y 5 ü
5n 2 - 7 n + 84 ï4 + 27 = 6 ï
is divisible by 5. ï ï
n ï 1ï

ílog 27 y - log 4 x ³ ý is k then find 6 k.
ï 6ï
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) ï27 y - 4 x £ 1 ï
ï ï
8. The value of î þ
é æ öù  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
ê 2008 + log 1 1 1 1
ç 4- 4- 4- ... ÷ ú is 13. Solve the inequality |log2 x – 3| + |2x – 8| ≥ 9.
ê æ 6561 ö
ç ÷ ç3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 ÷ú (a) x∈ (0,1] ∪ [4, ∞] (b) x∈ (0,2] ∪ [4, ∞]
êë è 256 ø
è ø úû
(c) x∈ (0,1] ∪ [3, ∞] (d) x∈ (0,1] ∪ [2, ∞]
(where [·] is G.I.F.)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
14. Solve the inequality
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
log 2 ( x12 + 3 x10 + 5 x8 + 3 x 6 + 1) < 1 + log 2 ( x 4 + 1)

9. Let a, b and c be distinct non zero real numbers such that
æ -1 + 6 -1 + 5 ö
1 - a 3 1 - b3 1 - c 3 (a) x Î ç - , ÷
= = . The value of 10(a3 + b3 + c3), is ç 2 2 ÷
a b c è ø

 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1) æ

-1 + 5 -1 + 5 ö
(b) x Î ç - , ÷
ç 2 2 ÷
è ø
10. Match the Column: æ -1 + 6 -1 + 6 ö
Column-I Column-II (c) x Î ç - , ÷
ç 2 2 ÷
è ø

Basic Maths 25
 (d) x Î ç -
æ -1 + 7 -1 + 7 ö
, ÷

log 1 (x 2
) ( )
+ ax + 5 + 1 × log 5 x 2 + ax + 6 + log a 3 ³ 0
ç 2 2 ÷ a
è ø has exactly one solution?
 (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)  (Prayas JEE Mathematics M-1)
15. For what values of a, the inequality (for x)

ANSWER KEY

CONCEPT APPLICATION
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (i) 14 (ii) 52 (iii) 194 9. [0] 10. [–224]
11. x6 – y6 12. p = 3/2, q = 1, r = 4/3 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. [60] 17. [99] 18. [4]

3
19. (d) 20. [2ab] 21. f 22. x = ± 23. (c) 24. x ∈ (–∞, –3) ∪ [–2, 0] ∪ [6, ∞)
5
25. x ∈ (–6, 0] ∪ [2, 3] ∪ (6, ∞) ∪ {4} 26. [6] 27. (d) 28. [1, –1] 29. [x ∈ (sin4, sin3)∪[sin1, sin2]]

30. x ∈ [1, 2] 31. {9} 32. x ∈ (2, 3]

æ1 2ö
33. ç , ÷ 34. (243) 35. [–5] 36. [18]
è5 5ø
37. [–1] 38. (i) (1, ∞) (ii) [1, ∞) (iii) (0, 1) (iv) (0, 1] (v) (0, 1) (vi) (0, 1] (vii) (1, ∞) (viii) [1, ∞) (ix) (3, ∞) (x) [5/2, ∞)

æ 3 19 ö æ 2 17 ù æ 1ö 12 - 4a
39. (i) x Î ç , ÷ (ii) x Î ç , ú (iii) x Î (416 , ¥) (iv) x Î ç 0, ÷ 40. {3, –3} 41. {–2, 2} 43.
è2 2 ø è 3 24 û è 2ø 3+ a

44. (i) 2 { }
± 2
(ii) x = a –log52 (iii) {1/32, 2} (iv) {1} (v) {1}

47. [–1] 48. [44] 49. (d) 50. (b, c)

51. (i) {–1, 5} (ii) {–3, –1, 7, 9} (iii) (14, –4, 0, 10, 2, 8) 52. (–6, 8) 53. (d) 54. (0, 2) ∪ (4, ∞) 55. x ≥ 1
56. (i) x ∈ (–∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞) (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –5] ∪ [5, ∞) (iii) x ∈ (–7, 7) (iv) x ∈ [–10, 10] (v) x ∈ R (vi) x ∈ φ (vii) x ∈ R
(viii) x ∈ R (ix) x ∈ φ
57. (i) x ∈ (–∞, 0) ∪ (2, ∞) (ii) 1 < x < 3 (iii) x ∈ (–2, –1) ∪ (0, 1) (iv) x ∈ [–1, 0] ∪ [1, 2] (v) –4/3 ≤ x ≤ 2 (vi) x ∈ φ

58. (i) –1 ≤ x ≤ 5 (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ [9, ∞) ∪ [–1, 7] (iii) x ∈ [–4, 0] ∪ [2, 8] ∪ [10, 14]

é1 1 ù é 3 4 ù é2 ù é 2 2 ù é 6 22 ù
59. (i) x Î ê , ú È ê , ú (ii) x Î ê , 2 ú (iii) x Î ê , ú È ê , ú (iv) x ∈ (–3, –2) ∪ (2, 3)
ë5 4û ë 4 5 û ë3 û ë15 5 û ë 5 15 û

60. (i) x ∈ {–11, –5, –1} (ii) x ∈ {–8, –6, –2, –4, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}

61. (i) x ∈ [1, 13] (ii) x ∈ [–8, –6] ∪ [–4, 0] ∪ [2, 4] ∪ [6, 8] ∪ [10, 14] ∪ [16, 18]

62. (i) x ∈ (–2, –1] ∪ [1, 2) (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ (–2, –1] ∪ [3, ∞) ∪[1, 2) (iii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ [3, ∞)
(iv) x ∈ (–∞, –4] ∪ [–1, 5] ∪ [6, ∞) (v) x ∈ (–∞, –4] ∪ [6, ∞] ∪ {2}

63. (i) x ∈ [1, ∞] (ii) x ∈ (0, ∞) ∪ {–1} (iii) x ∈ (–1, 0) ∪ (0, 3) (iv) x ∈ φ (v) x ∈ (2, 6)

64. [–6, ∞)

26 JEE Prayas Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

PRARAMBH (TOPICWISE)
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (d)
PRABAL (JEE MAIN LEVEL)
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (d) 29. (d) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. [89] 35. [75] 36. [1] 37. [2] 38. [1] 39. [400] 40. [3]
41. [5] 42. [0] 43. [1] 44. [9] 45. [1] 46. [10]

PARIKSHIT (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a,b,c) 13. (a,b,c,d) 14. (b,c) 15. (a,b,c) 16. (a,b,c,d) 17. (a,b) 18. (c,d) 19. (b) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. [1] 28. [7] 29. [2] 30. [10]
31. [17] 32. [2] 33. [2] 34. [1] 35. [6] 36. [2] 37. [9] 38. [5625] 39. [12] 40. [1]
41. [1] 42. [1]

PYQ's (PAST YEAR QUESTIONS)

1. [3] 2. [4] 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. [45] 6. [1] 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. [1]
11. [8] 12. [8]

PW CHALLENGERS
1. [ 3 ] 2. [93] 3. [44] 4. [50] 5. [4] 6. [29] 7. [63] 8. [2007] 9. [30] 10. (a)
11. [2019] 12. [5] 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. [2]

“Tension is who you think you

should be. Relaxation is
who you are.”
– Chinese Proverb

Basic Maths 27