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EnggManagement - HW

The document outlines the seven quality tools developed by Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1950s to facilitate quality control for employees of varying technical expertise. These tools include Check Sheets, Cause-and-Effect Diagrams, Stratification, Histograms, Pareto Charts, Scatter Diagrams, and Control Charts, each serving a specific purpose in identifying and analyzing quality-related issues. The tools aim to enhance performance and adherence to quality standards within organizations.

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Anabelle Joy Fontanilla
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16 views5 pages

EnggManagement - HW

The document outlines the seven quality tools developed by Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1950s to facilitate quality control for employees of varying technical expertise. These tools include Check Sheets, Cause-and-Effect Diagrams, Stratification, Histograms, Pareto Charts, Scatter Diagrams, and Control Charts, each serving a specific purpose in identifying and analyzing quality-related issues. The tools aim to enhance performance and adherence to quality standards within organizations.

Uploaded by

Anabelle Joy Fontanilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

APRIL 5, 2025

BSCE - 4 8:30-9:30 TTHS

ASSIGNMENT #7
SEVEN QUALITY TOOLS

The seven quality tools (7 QC tools) were developed in the 1950s by Japanese engineering
professor Kaoru Ishikawa to help employees in applying quality control more efficiently, regardless of
their technical expertise.

Complex statistics were used in quality control training back then, making it difficult for
employees without technical expertise to comprehend and use. In order to address this, businesses
started offering basic, user-friendly tools called the seven quality tools, which enhanced performance
throughout the company and made it simpler for everyone to adhere to quality standards.

SEVEN QUALITY TOOLS

1. CHECK SHEET / TALLY SHEET

Check sheets are used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. When used to gather numerical
data, they are often called tally sheets. They work by marking a check or tally each time a specific
event or value occurs. This helps to quickly spot defects, error patterns, or even possible causes of
problems in a process or product.

To create a checklist or tally sheet, list the items or actions to track in the first column, then add
columns for tally marks. As you observe, record occurrences with checkmarks or tally marks. Afterward,
review the tallied data to identify patterns.
2. CAUSE-AND-EFFECT DIAGRAM / FISHBONE DIAGRAM
The fishbone diagram, introduced by Kaoru Ishikawa, is a quality management tool used to identify the
root causes of a specific problem or effect. Named for its fishbone-like appearance, the diagram places
the problem on the right side, with possible causes and sub-causes branching out to the left.

Measurements, materials, persons, environment, procedures, and machines are the six primary
categories into which these causes are usually divided. This arrangement of the diagram aids users in
methodically examining the problem and identifying its most likely causes.

To create a fishbone diagram, write the problem on the right side and draw a horizontal line (the
backbone). Add diagonal lines for main cause categories and list potential causes under each. Review
the diagram to identify the root causes for further action.

3. STRATIFICATION
Stratification analysis is a quality tool used to separate data, items, or people into distinct groups. This
kind of data sorting allows you to find patterns that may be obscured when all the data is merged. This
tool analyze data based on equipment, products, work shifts, materials, days of the week, and more. It
helps one to understand your data better—before, during, and after collecting it.

To perform stratification, collect data and group it based on factors like time, location, or materials. This
reveals hidden patterns and helps identify root causes for more focused improvements.
4. HISTOGRAM
A histogram is a visual way to show how often data appears in different groups. It resembles a bar
graph, where each bar represents a group, and the height of the bar indicates how many times data
falls into that group. This makes it easy to spot trends, variations, and areas that may need
improvement. Histograms are especially useful for organizing data into categories like age, days of the
week, or physical measurements—anything that can be arranged in order.

To create a histogram, start by collecting your data and grouping it into equal-sized intervals called bins.
Count how many data points fall into each bin—this is the frequency. On the x-axis, place the bins, and
on the y-axis, show the frequency. Then, draw bars for each bin, with their height representing how
many values fall into that range.

5. PARETO CHART (80-20 RULE)


The Pareto chart is a quality control tool based on the 80-20 rule, which suggests that 80% of problems
come from 20% of key factors, known as the "vital few." The remaining 20% of problems are caused by
80% of minor factors. The goal of the Pareto chart is to help you identify the most important factors to
focus on for improvement.

The chart combines a bar graph and a line graph.To create a Pareto chart, organize your data in
descending order and use bars for frequency, and, with a line showing the cumulative total. This helps
pinpoint the key factors contributing most to the problem.
6. SCATTER DIAGRAM
This is most useful for showing the relationship between two variables, making it ideal for quality
assurance professionals to identify cause-and-effect links.
In the diagram, dependent values are placed on the Y-axis and independent values on the X-axis. Each
dot represents a data point where the two variables intersect. When connected, these dots reveal the
strength of the relationship between the variables—the stronger the correlation, the stronger the
relationship.
Scatter diagrams are valuable for understanding the connection between quality defects and potential
causes, like environment, activity, or personnel. Once this relationship is identified, targeted solutions
can be applied for improved results.

7. CONTROL CHART (ALSO CALLED A SHEWHART CHART)


This chart helps determine if a process is stable and predictable by identifying variations or defects.
This chart displays a central line for the average, along with upper and lower control limits based on
historical data. By comparing current data to past data, it shows whether the process is under control or
influenced by variations. Control charts can save time and money by forecasting process performance
and ensuring the final product meets expectations.
REFERENCE:
What are the 7 basic quality tools, and how can they change your business for the better? (2019).
Lucidchart. Retrieved from https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/what-are-the-7-basic-quality-tools

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