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Web Services and J2EE: Dan Harkey

Web services and EJBs both provide distributed computing solutions over a network. While web services are not object-oriented, EJBs can be used to implement web service endpoints. A web service is defined by its operations, messages, and endpoints. Core web service standards include SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. SOAP defines XML messaging, WSDL describes services, and UDDI provides service discovery. EJBs can implement web services by defining a web service endpoint interface and implementing it in a stateless session bean class.

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150 views21 pages

Web Services and J2EE: Dan Harkey

Web services and EJBs both provide distributed computing solutions over a network. While web services are not object-oriented, EJBs can be used to implement web service endpoints. A web service is defined by its operations, messages, and endpoints. Core web service standards include SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. SOAP defines XML messaging, WSDL describes services, and UDDI provides service discovery. EJBs can implement web services by defining a web service endpoint interface and implementing it in a stateless session bean class.

Uploaded by

Uday Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Web Services and J2EE

Dan Harkey

Agenda

9Introduction to Web Services


9Web Services and EJB

1
Introduction

9Next step in distributed computing evolution


9Web Services are
ƒ self-describing
ƒ lightweight
ƒ inter-galactic components

Evolution

9Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs)


9Distributed Component Architectures
ƒ CORBA, DCOM
ƒ RMI & EJB
9XML-RPC, SOAP
9Web Services

2
Web Services and Distributed
Objects …

9 Both attempt to provide distributed computing solutions


over a network
ƒ Software components executing in different
processes on different systems
9 Both provide mechanisms for locating components
ƒ Naming or directory service of some type
ƒ Web services model provides a service registry
9 Both provide encoding methods or function invocations
between participants

Web Services and Distributed


Objects … (cont.)

9 Provide mechanisms for suitably marshalling parameters


passed as arguments in function calls or method
invocations
9 Provide rules detailing on-the-wire bits and bytes
9 Provide mechanisms for determining if faults have
occurred during a method call or function invocation
9 Provide introspection capabilities

3
What Web Services aren’t…

9Web services are not object oriented


ƒ No object reference
ƒ No encapsulated data
ƒ Data has to be always passed or pointed to
ƒ No Polymorphism

What is a Web Service

9Set of endpoints operating on XML messages


9Endpoint is defined by set of
ƒ Operations
ƒ Messages (arguments, results)

4
Web Services Roles

9 Service provider publishes information about the


service to a service registry.
9 Service registry maintains a catalog of deployed
(published) services and makes this catalog available to
new service providers and service requestors
9 Service Requester finds the service by using a lookup
against the service registry, and then binds to the
service provider. The provider and requestor can then
interact

Web Services Roles

5
Web Service Provider Tasks

9Create or obtain WSDL document describing


web service
9Implement service
9Deploy service
9Publish WSDL defining concrete service
ƒ Includes binding and addressing information
for service endpoints

Web Services Requester Tasks

9Obtain WSDL description of service


9Create artifacts to use service
9Send messages to endpoints/receive responses

6
Web Service Invocation

Web Services Architecture

7
Web Services Building Blocks

BPEL
BPML

Basic Building Blocks

9 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)


ƒ XML based messaging framework
• Application-to-application protocol.
• Provides serialization formats and RPC-style mapping
9 Universal Description, Discovery and Integration
(UDDI)
ƒ A repository for discovering and registering Web Service
descriptions
9 Web Services Definition Language (WSDL)
ƒ XML application designed to describe all information
needed to interact with a service
• messages, operations and protocol mappings

8
Building Blocks

9 Transport protocols
ƒ HTTP, FTP, SMTP, Message Queues etc.
9 Flow languages
ƒ Describe the ordering of interactions between services.
• Client based programming to control business
processes (no centralized server).
• Examples:
‰ Business Process Modeling Language (BPML)
‰ Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)

Building Blocks (SOAP)

9XML based messaging framework designed to


act as application-to-application protocol
9Provides serialization formats for basic data
types
9Standard way of doing XML-RPC
9Does not mandate the transport protocol
ƒ Only HTTP binding is defines as standard

9
SOAP Functionality

Contents of a SOAP Message

9A SOAP Envelope that describes the message


and tells how the message should be processed
9Encoding rules to describe how application-
defined data types are encoded
9Elements that describe the desired remote
procedure calls and responses

10
SOAP Message

SOAP Envelope

11
SOAP Request/Response

Building blocks (WSDL)

9XML application designed to describe messages,


operations and protocol mappings of a Web
Service

12
WSDL

The Components of WSDL

13
WSDL Basic Service Description

WSDL

9 Message
ƒ Abstract definition of the data in the form of a message
ƒ presented either as an entire document or in the form of
arguments to be mapped to a method invocation
9 Types
ƒ Defines data types to be used in the messages
ƒ Typically in the form of XML Schemas, although WSDL
allows other mechanisms
ƒ Elements or the data structures that will be contained in a
message.
9 Operation
ƒ Abstract definition of the operation for a message
ƒ Naming a method, message queue, or business process
that will accept and process the message

14
WSDL (contd.)

9 Port Type
ƒ Represents a set of operations that are implemented by some
service provider residing at some location.
ƒ Define the possible operations for any number of service
providers who provide a common service.
ƒ Similar to an abstract interface.
ƒ Can be mapped to multiple transports through different
bindings.
9 Binding
ƒ Defines how an operation is bound to a protocol.
ƒ Combination of a protocol and data format for a port type
defines how the port type is mapped on to a particular
transport
ƒ Any protocol can be used to bind messages; however, SOAP,
HTTP GET/POST and MIME message binding formats are
defined in the spec.

WSDL (Contd.)

9 Port
ƒ
A combination of a binding and a network address,
that provides the target address of the service
communication. The ports define the actual network
end-point that associates a binding with a protocol
specific address.
9 Service
ƒ This is a collection of related endpoints
encompassing the service definitions in the file;
services map the binding to the port (in short, a
service is a collection of ports).

15
Building blocks (UDDI)

9A repository for discovering and registering the


Web Service descriptions
9UDDI data categories
ƒ White Pages – address, contact, and known
identifiers
ƒ Yellow Pages – industrial categorizations
based on standard taxonomies
ƒ Green Pages – technical information about
services that are exposed by the business

UDDI
9 UDDI data structures
ƒ Business Entity
ƒ Business Service
ƒ Specification Pointers
ƒ Service Types

16
UDDI Structures and their
Elements

UDDI-WSDL mapping

17
EJB 2.1 Architecture

9Main addition is incorporation of Web Services


into the architecture
ƒ Make EJB components easy to use as
implementations for Web Services

Implementing a Web Service in EJB

9Stateless Session Bean is service endpoint


9Define web service endpoint interface
ƒ Maps to WSDL definition
ƒ JAX-RPC interface
9Implement business methods in bean class
9Invocations on service endpoint are delegate to
stateless session bean instance
ƒ JAX-RPC runtime handles mapping

18
Web Service
Endpoint Interface Example

public interface StockQuoteProvider


extends java.rmi.Remote
{
public float getLastTradePrice(String tickerSymbol)
throws java.rmi.RemoteException;
...
}

Web Service Endpoint Interface

9Follows rules for JAX-RPC interfaces


ƒ Cannot pass EJB Objects as arguments or
results
ƒ JAX-RPC serialization rules for value types
9Declare in deployment descriptor for session
bean using service-endpoint element
9Transaction attributes
ƒ Web services cannot have transaction
context so Mandatory doesn’t make sense

19
Stateless Session Bean Class

public class StockQuoteProviderBean


implements javax.ejb.SessionBean
{
public float getLastTradePrice(String tickerSymbol)
{
// business logic for method...
}
//...
}

Using a Web Service from an EJB

9Sending/Receiving messages looks like RPC


9Service-ref deployment descriptor
9Look up service stub in JNDI
9Get stub/proxy for service endpoint
9Invoke methods on endpoint
9JAX-RPC runtime in container handles
invocations on service endpoint, data type
mappings, etc.

20
EJB Client Web Service
Invocation Example

public class InvestmentBean


implements javax.ejb.SessionBean
{
public void checkPortfolio(...)
{
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
StockQuoteService sqs = ctx.lookup(
“java:comp/env/service/StockQuoteService”);
StockQuoteProvider sqp =
sqs.getStockQuoteProviderPort();
float quotePrice = sqp.getLastTradePrice(...);
...
}
...
}

References

9Wireless Java Programming for Enterprise


Applications, Chapter 14, Harkey, Appajodu,
Larkin, (Wiley 2002)
9http://servlet.java.sun.com/javaone/sf2003/conf
/sessions/index.en.jsp (see ts-2255)

21

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